Um Estudo sobre a Violência: O Perfil do Adolescente Infrator Registrado pela Delegacia de Polícia de Lorena - SP

This article was prepared in order to establish the profile of the adolescent offender from police records of the Bureau of Lorena Police, the years 2014 and 2015, indicating triggering factors, and the bibliographic and documentary methods used. Thus emerged the following questions: what is the violator teenager profile? It would be the absence of contributing factor Education building this profile? The analysis pointed out the social conditions of adolescents, family breakdown and the enticement of drug traffickers as triggering factors of crime.O presente artigo foi elaborado a fim de estabelecer o perfil do adolescente infrator a partir de registros policiais da Delegacia de Polícia de Lorena, dos anos de 2014 e 2015, indicando fatores desencadeantes, sendo utilizados os métodos bibliográfico e documental. Assim, emergiram as seguintes questões: qual o perfil do adolescente infrator? Seria a ausência de Educação fator contribuinte para construção desse perfil? A análise apontou as condições sociais dos adolescentes, a desestruturação familiar e o aliciamento de traficantes de drogas como fatores desencadeadores da criminalidade

SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA E ORGANIZAÇÕES CRIMINOSAS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DAS FERRAMENTAS DE INVESTIGAÇÃO UTILIZADAS PELA POLÍCIA CIVIL DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

A presente pesquisa, através de estudos criminológicos e de segurança pública, traça um panorama sobre as organizações criminosas no Brasil e as ferramentas de investigação disponíveis na Polícia Civil do Estado de São Paulo. Nesta toada, foi feito um apanhado dos principais conceitos sobre o tema encontrados na literatura ao longo do tempo, utilizando-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e método de revisão de literatura; depois, aborda-se a evolução legislativa sobre as Organizações Criminosas no Brasil, dando-se ênfase às inovações trazidas pela Lei nº 12.850/2013 e um (re)conhecimento de novas práticas de investigação

Epithelial remodelling of the midgut in the post-embryonic development of Partamona helleri (Apidae, Meliponini)

International audienceAbstractIn this work, we describe the changes that occur in the midgut during metamorphosis of Partamona helleri, a species of stingless bees found in Neotropical regions. Morphology and immunofluorescence data were analysed in larvae, pupae and adults. The intestinal epithelium presented morphological variations between the different stages of development, including the size of the striated border. Cells undergoing apoptosis and autophagy were observed in practically all stages, with the autophagy process prevailing over apoptosis in most stages, except in post-defecating larvae. The quantity of cells in oxidative stress increased in the pupae stage, especially in the black-eyed and pink-eyed pupae, and decreased in the adult stage. Cell proliferation, on the other hand, was more evident in black-eyed pupae, mainly in the stage with the highest number of cells in autophagy. In general, the results contributed to a better understanding of morphogenesis of the stingless bee digestive system

Karyotypic description of the stingless bee Melipona quinquefasciata Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) with emphasis on the presence of B chromosomes

Stingless bees are distributed widely in the tropics, where they are major pollinators of several plant spe- cies. In this study, the karyotype of Melipona quinquefasciata Lepeletier, 1836 was analysed, with emphasis on the presence of B chromosomes. Post-defecating larvae were analysed using Giemsa staining, the C- banding technique, sequential staining with fluorochromes, and FISH. The chromosome number ranged from 2n = 18 to 22 (females) and from n = 9 to 13 (males) due to the presence of 0–4 B chromosomes. This result demonstrates that M. quinquefasciata has the same chromosomal number as other Melipona Illiger, 1806 species. Considering the A complement, heterochromatin was located only in the pericentro- meric region of pair 1. Staining with chromomycin A 3 (CMA 3 ) and labelling with rDNA probe, indicated that this region corresponded to the nucleolus organising region. The B chromosomes of M. quinquefas- ciata could be found in individuals from different localities, they were completely heterochromatic (C- banding) and uniformly stained by 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Variations in the number of B chromosomes were detected between cells of the same individual, between individuals of the same colony, and between colonies from different localities

Phylogeography of the sand dune ant Mycetophylax simplex along the Brazilian Atlantic Forest coast: remarkably low mtDNA diversity and shallow population structure

Background During past glacial periods, many species of forest-dwelling animals experienced range contractions. In contrast, species living outside such moist habitats appear to have reacted to Quaternary changes in different ways. The Atlantic Forest represents an excellent opportunity to test phylogeographic hypotheses, because it has a wide range of vegetation types, including unforested habitats covered predominantly by herbaceous and shrubby plants, which are strongly influenced by the harsh environment with strong wind and high insolation. Here, we investigated the distribution of genetic diversity in the endemic sand dune ant Mycetophylax simplex across its known range along the Brazilian coast, with the aim of contributing to the understanding of alternative phylogeographic patterns. We used partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I and nuclear gene wingless from 108 specimens and 51 specimens, respectively, to assess the phylogeography and demographic history of this species. To achieve this we performed different methods of phylogenetic and standard population genetic analyses. Results The observed genetic diversity distribution and historical demographic profile suggests that the history of M. simplex does not match the scenario suggested for other Atlantic Forest species. Instead, it underwent demographic changes and range expansions during glacial periods. Our results show that M. simplex presents a shallow phylogeographic structure with isolation by distance among the studied populations, living in an almost panmictic population. Our coalescence approach indicates that the species maintained a stable population size until roughly 75,000 years ago, when it underwent a gradual demographic expansion that were coincident with the low sea-level during the Quaternary. Such demographic events were likely triggered by the expansion of the shorelines during the lowering of the sea level. Conclusions Our data suggest that over evolutionary time M. simplex did not undergo dramatic range fragmentation, but rather it likely persisted in largely interconnected populations. Furthermore, we add an important framework about how both glacial and interglacial events could positively affect the distribution and diversification of species. The growing number of contrasting phylogeographic patterns within and among species and regions have shown that Quaternary events influenced the distribution of species in more ways than first supposed

Relationship of Perceived Social Support with Mental Health in Older Caregivers

[EN] Background: Elderly caregivers present increased physical and mental health problems. These factors can lead to a lack of autonomy and a need for social support. This study aims to analyse the relationships between perceived social support and mental health status in elderly caregivers aged 65 and older. Methods: a cross-sectional study based on data from the Spanish National Health Survey (ENSE-17) carried out on 7023 people. The study population was restricted to 431 caregivers aged ≥65 years. A study of the correlation between the mental health state and the perceived social support was carried out. Both variables were related to the sex of the caregiver. Results: Perceived social support by older caregivers is significantly related to mental health (p = 0.001), and stress (p < 0.001). Also, there is a significant relationship between perceived social support and mental well-being (p = 0.001), self-esteem (p = 0.005) and stress (p = 0.001) in older women caregivers. Conclusions: Older caregivers have adequate mental well-being and perceive high social support. Perceived social support can contribute to improving the mental well-being of older caregivers.S

O lúdico no ensino de biologia celular: possibilidades no ensino superior

peer reviewedConsidering the difficulties that some new students at the University present to understand abstract concepts, this work describes an extension course, in the area of Cell Biology, which was carried out with the objective of contributing to the effective learning of a group of undergraduate students at the University Federal University of Viçosa (MG). The work also reports the importance of the experience lived for the graduate students who taught the Course. In the Course, diversified recreational activities were used, chosen according to the theme that would be approached. The results showed that the process was very well accepted by the students, helping them to understand the contents, through a pleasant and accessible process, which enabled the construction of knowledge. For graduate students, the experience was unique and contributed to their professional training. Therefore, the results were significant for everyone involved.Considerando as dificuldades que alguns alunos recém-ingressos na Universidade apresentam para compreender conceitos abstratos, este trabalho descreve um curso de extensão, na área de Biologia Celular, que foi realizado com o objetivo de contribuir para a aprendizagem efetiva de um grupo de graduandos da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (MG). O trabalho relata também a importância da experiência vivenciada para os pós-graduandos que ministraram o mesmo. No Curso foram utilizadas atividades lúdicas diversificadas, escolhidas de acordo com o tema que seria abordado. Os resultados mostraram que as atividades desenvolvidas foram muito bem aceitas pelos graduandos, ajudando na compreensão dos conteúdos, através de um processo agradável e acessível, que viabilizou a construção dos saberes. Para os discentes da pós-graduação, a experiência foi única e contribuiu para a formação profissional dos mesmos. Portanto, os resultados obtidos foram significativos para todos os envolvidos.Considerando las dificultades que presentan algunos estudiantes nuevos de la Universidad para comprender conceptos abstractos, este trabajo describe un curso de extensión, en el área de Biología Celular, el cual se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de contribuir al aprendizaje efectivo de un grupo de estudiantes de pregrado. estudiantes de la Universidad Federal de Viçosa (MG). El trabajo también reporta la importancia de la experiencia vivida por los estudiantes graduados que impartieron el Curso. En el mismo se utilizaron actividades recreativas diversificadas, elegidas según la temática que se abordaría. Los resultados mostraron que el proceso fue muy bien acogido por los estudiantes, ayudándoles a comprender los contenidos, a través de un proceso ameno y accesible, que permitió la construcción de conocimientos. Para los estudiantes de posgrado, la experiencia fue única y contribuyó a su formación profesional. Por lo tanto, los resultados fueron significativos para todos los involucrados. Palabra

Comparative study on the use of specific and heterologous microsatellite primers in the stingless bees Melipona rufiventris and M. mondury (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Due to their high degree of polymorphism, microsatellites are considered useful tools for studying population genetics. Nevertheless, studies of genetic diversity in stingless bees by means of these primers have revealed a low level of polymorphism, possibly the consequence of the heterologous primers used, since in most cases these were not specifically designed for the species under consideration. Herein we compared the number of polymorphic loci and alleles per locus, as well as observed heterozygosity in Melipona rufiventris and M. mondury populations, using specific and heterologous primers. The use of specific primers placed in evidence the greater frequency of polymorphic loci and alleles per locus, besides an expressive increase in observed heterozygosity in M. rufiventris and M. mondury, thereby reinforcing the idea that populational studies should be undertaken by preferably using species-specific microsatellite primers

Cytogenetic characterization of Partamona cupira (Hymenoptera, Apidae) by fluorochromes

Four colonies of the stingless bee Partamona cupira (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were cytogenetically analyzed using conventional staining and the fluorochromes CMA3 e DAPI. The females have 2n = 34 chromosomes (2K = 32 M¯+2 A¯). Some females, however, presented an additional large B acrocentric chromosome, to a total of 2n = 35. Chromosome B and the chromosomal pairs 2, 9 and 10 showed CMA 3+ bands, indicating an excess of CG base-pairs. A clear association was verified between the P. helleri B chromosome SCAR marker and the presence of a B chromosome in P. cupira. The data obtained suggests that B chromosomes in P. helleri and P. cupira share a common origin