BANDAMENTOS CROMOSSÔMICOS EM CRUSTACEA. I. CARIÓTIPO, Ag-RONs, BANDAMENTO-C E TRATAMENTO COM ENDONUCLEASES DE RESTRIÇÃO EcoRI, PstI E KpnI EM Artemia franciscana

Karyotypic characteristics of the microcrustacean Artemia franciscana Kellog 1906, introduced to the salt lakes on the northeastern coast of Brazil in the 1970s, were investigated by conventional staining, C banding, restriction endonucleases (EcoRI, PstI and KpnI) and Ag-NORs. The karyotype consisted of 42 chromosomes and secondary constrictions were observed on some pairs. Large heterochromatic blocks were found distributed in the telomere portion of most of the chromosomes. Digestion with PstI and KpnI showed a similar pattern to that obtained by C banding. Preparations treated with EcoRI revealed intense action in the heterochromatic regions indicating the presence of restriction sites. Multiple Ag-NORs were shown associated to heterochromatic blocks. These data presented here no identified modifications that might have occurred after the geographic isolation of this stock and examine the evolutionary modifications in the karyotype of this group.Keywords: Chromosome banding; brine shrimp; crustacean cytogenetics.Características cariotípicas do microcrustáceo Artemia franciscana Kellog, 1906, introduzida nas salinas do litoral nordeste do Brasil, na década de 70, foram investigadas através de coloração convencional, bandamento C, endonucleases de restrição (EcoRI, PstI e KpnI) e Ag-NORs. O cariótipo consiste de 42 cromossomos, onde se individualiza sobre alguns pares a presença de constrições secundárias. Grandes blocos heterocromáticos encontram-se distribuídos nas porções teloméricas da maioria dos cromossomos. A digestão com PstI e KpnI revelou um padrão similar ao obtido pelo bandamento C. Preparações tratadas com EcoRI apresentam digestão das regiões heterocromáticas indicando a presença de sítios de restrição nestas regiões. Ag-NORs múltiplas estão associadas a blocos heterocromáticos. Os dados apresentados representam passo inicial para identificação de possíveis modificações ocorridas após o isolamento geográfico desta amostra, assim como no entendimento das modificações evolutivas ocorridas no cariótipo deste grupo.Palavras-chave: bandamento cromossômico, camarão de água salgada, citogenética de crustáceos

AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL ANTIMICROBIANO DE EXTRATO HIDROALCOÓLICO E AQUOSO DA ESPÉCIE Anadenanthera colubrina FRENTE À BACTÉRIAS GRAM NEGATIVA E GRAM POSITIVA

A Anadenanthera colubrina que é conhecida popularmente como angico, angico vermelho, dentre outros nomes, pertencente à família Fabaceae, sendo nativa da América do Sul e no Nordeste do Brasil pode chegar a até 7m de altura. Popularmente utiliza-se a decocção da casca do caule no tratamento de complicações do fígado, gonorreia, leucorreia, infecção dos ovários e como depurativo do sangue. Desta forma, investigações laboratoriais acerca das atividades antimicrobianas desta espécie é justificada, sendo este o objetivo central deste frente a patógenos de importância clínica como o Staphylococcus aureus e a Escherichia coli. As amostras vegetais foram coletadas em Santa Cruz / RN, higienizadas, secas e trituradas. O extrato aquoso foi obtido a partir da imersão de 45g de amostra em 450 mL de água destilada em ebulição, exposta por 15 minutos. Sendo filtrado, congelado e liofilizado. O extrato hidroalcoólico foi obtido pela maceração em solução de etanol: água (70:30 v/v), na proporção (1:10 p/v), por 7 dias, sendo filtrado e retirado o solvente em evaporador rotativo. Os extratos foram caracterizados por Cromatografia em Camada Delgada e testados na ação antimicrobiana em diversas concentrações (200 – 6,25 mg/mL) por difusão a disco. Os testes de Cromatografia em Camada Delgada indicaram que o extrato vegetal apresenta compostos apolares flavonoides, possivelmente derivados de quercetina e luteonina. O extrato hidroalcoólico quanto o aquoso foi capaz de inibir o crescimento in vitro da bactéria Staphylococcus aureus, sendo que ambos extratos apresentaram como concentração inibitória mínima 25mg/mL.Palavras-chaves: Angico, Atividade Antimicrobiana, S. aureus. The Anadenanthera colubrina which is popularly known as angico, red angico, among other names, belonging to the Fabaceae family and is native to South America and northeastern Brazil can reach up to 7m high. Popularly used to stem bark decoction in the treatment of liver complications, gonorrhea, leukorrhea, as infection of the ovaries and blood cleanser. Thus, laboratory investigations about the antimicrobial activity of this kind is justified, which is the main objective of this front to pathogens of clinical importance as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Plant samples were collected in Santa Cruz / RN, cleaned, dried and crushed. The aqueous extract was obtained from the sample of 45g immersion in 450 ml of boiling distilled water, exposed for 15 minutes. Being filtered, frozen and lyophilized. The hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by maceration in ethanol: water solution (70:30 v / v) in proportion (1:10 w / v) for 7 days, was filtered and the solvent removed on a rotary evaporator. Extracts were characterized by thin layer chromatography and tested for antimicrobial activity in various concentrations (200 to 6.25 mg / ml) by diffusion disk. Thin Layer Chromatography tests indicated that the plant extract has apolar flavonoid compounds, possibly derivatives of quercetin and luteolin. The hydroalcoholic extract and the aqueous were able to inhibit the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus, both of which extracts presented as the minimum inhibitory concentration 25mg / ml.Keywords: Angico; Antimicrobial Activity; S. aureus

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Análise do potencial genotóxico da superfície de titânio modificada por plasma

O Titânio (Ti) é atualmente o material mais utilizado para fabricação de implantes ortopédicos e dentais. Alterações na superfície de titânio comercial puro (TiCP) podem determinar a reposta funcional das células, sendo um fator crítico para o sucesso do implante. Entretanto, a genotoxicidade de superfícies de titânio tem sido pouco estudada. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genotóxico de uma nova superfície de titânio porosa desenvolvida por plasma comparada com uma superfície somente polida. Para tanto, foram realizados os ensaios cometa, aberrações cromossômicas (CAs) e micronúcleo (MN), utilizando células CHO-K1 (células do ovário de hamster Chinês). Nossos resultados revelaram que a superfície de titânio polida foi capaz de induzir um aumento significativo dos danos no DNA, no número das CAs, na tetraploidia e na freqüência de micronúcleos comparada ao controle. A superfície tratada por plasma, não promoveu efeito genotóxico significativo para todos os ensaios realizados. Estes resultados sugerem que a nova superfície de titânio tratada por plasma pode ser um material biologicamente seguro para sua utilização em implantes ou futura aplicação na terapia de regeneração óssea-guiada, ao menos no que se refere à sua genotoxicidad

Assessment of infant mortality surveillance: case study

Abstract Objectives: assess the implementation of child mortality surveillance in Recife/PE. Methods: an analytical evaluative study was conducted on its implementation. It was a single-case study that correlated degree of implementation with the of the result indicators surveillance. A logic model on this strategy and a matrix of indicators and judgments according to model components were drawn up. The degree of implementation was obtained from structure and process indicators and this was then correlated with result indicators, in a deductive approach based on intervention theory. Results: the structure approach presented superior results to the process in all evaluated components. This strategy was considered to have been partially implemented (75. 7%), however, the components of 'identification of deaths' (85.7%), 'epidemiological research' (88.1%) and 'referral of proposals for promotion and health care and correction of official statistics' (95.8%) were classified implemented. Regarding the relation of the degree of implantation of the surveillance and its results with the logical model, only one of the 17 indicators was considered inconsistent. Conclusions: this strategy was considered to have been partially implemented. The model of child mortality surveillance and its assessment were shown to be adequate for signaling the consistency of the interrelations between the activities proposed and the effects expected, and would be reproducible within other scenarios

Assessment of infant mortality surveillance: case study

<div><p>Abstract Objectives: assess the implementation of child mortality surveillance in Recife/PE. Methods: an analytical evaluative study was conducted on its implementation. It was a single-case study that correlated degree of implementation with the of the result indicators surveillance. A logic model on this strategy and a matrix of indicators and judgments according to model components were drawn up. The degree of implementation was obtained from structure and process indicators and this was then correlated with result indicators, in a deductive approach based on intervention theory. Results: the structure approach presented superior results to the process in all evaluated components. This strategy was considered to have been partially implemented (75. 7%), however, the components of 'identification of deaths' (85.7%), 'epidemiological research' (88.1%) and 'referral of proposals for promotion and health care and correction of official statistics' (95.8%) were classified implemented. Regarding the relation of the degree of implantation of the surveillance and its results with the logical model, only one of the 17 indicators was considered inconsistent. Conclusions: this strategy was considered to have been partially implemented. The model of child mortality surveillance and its assessment were shown to be adequate for signaling the consistency of the interrelations between the activities proposed and the effects expected, and would be reproducible within other scenarios.</p></div

Unraveling the genetic background of individuals with a clinical familial hypercholesterolemia phenotype

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder of lipid metabolism caused by pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes. Variants in FH-phenocopy genes (LDLRAP1, APOE, LIPA, ABCG5, and ABCG8), polygenic hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] can also mimic a clinical FH phenotype. We aim to present a new diagnostic tool to unravel the genetic background of clinical FH phenotype. Biochemical and genetic study was performed in 1,005 individuals with clinical diagnosis of FH, referred to the Portuguese FH Study. A next-generation sequencing panel, covering eight genes and eight SNPs to determine LDL-C polygenic risk score and LPA genetic score, was validated, and used in this study. FH was genetically confirmed in 417 index cases: 408 heterozygotes and 9 homozygotes. Cascade screening increased the identification to 1,000 FH individuals, including 11 homozygotes. FH-negative individuals (phenotype positive and genotype negative) have Lp(a) >50 mg/dl (30%), high polygenic risk score (16%), other monogenic lipid metabolism disorders (1%), and heterozygous pathogenic variants in FH-phenocopy genes (2%). Heterozygous variants of uncertain significance were identified in primary genes (12%) and phenocopy genes (7%). Overall, 42% of our cohort was genetically confirmed with FH. In the remaining individuals, other causes for high LDL-C were identified in 68%. Hyper-Lp(a) or polygenic hypercholesterolemia may be the cause of the clinical FH phenotype in almost half of FH-negative individuals. A small part has pathogenic variants in ABCG5/ABCG8 in heterozygosity that can cause hypercholesterolemia and should be further investigated. This extended next-generation sequencing panel identifies individuals with FH and FH-phenocopies, allowing to personalize each person’s treatment according to the affected pathway