Construção de definições operacionais em Metacognição

Since the 1970s metacognition has been understood as "knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena". Nevertheless its conceptualization, remains non-specific, most of the researchers neglecting the establishment of accurate metacognitive definitions. Thus, an intentional biased narrative review was carried out to construct operational definitions applicable on learning processes, enabling description and  discrimination between different metacognitive phenomena, and its classification and meaning attribution. The taxonomy presented here consists of 03 domains (Metacognitive Skills, Experience and Knowledge), containing 36 operational definitions of metacognitive terms.Desde la década de 1970, la metacognición se ha entendido como “conocimiento y cognición sobre los fenómenos cognitivos”. Su conceptualización, a pesar de esto, es todavía poco específica, la mayoría de investigadores tiende a descuidar el establecimiento de definiciones más precisas sobre la metacognición. Así, se realizó una revisión narrativa, con sesgo intencional orientado a la producción de definiciones operativas aplicables al proceso de aprendizaje, con el fin de permitir el funcionamiento de acciones descriptivas, discriminación entre diferentes fenómenos metacognitivos, su clasificación e interpretación de significados. La taxonomía presentada aquí consta de 03 dominios (Habilidad, Experiencia y Conocimiento metacognitivo), trayendo 36 definiciones operativas de términos metacognitivos.Desde a década de 70 a metacognição vem sendo entendida como “conhecimento e cognição sobre fenômenos cognitivos”. Sua conceituação, apesar disto, ainda se apresenta inespecífica, a maioria dos pesquisadores tendendo a negligenciar o estabelecimento de definições mais precisas sobre a metacognição. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, com enviesamento intencional orientado para a produção de definições operacionais aplicáveis ao processo de aprendizagem, de modo a permitir operar as ações de descrição, discriminação entre os diferentes fenômenos metacognitivos, sua classificação e interpretação de significados. A taxonomia aqui apresentada consta de 03 domínios (Habilidade, Experiência e Conhecimento Metacognitivos), trazendo 36 definições operacionais de termos metacognitivos

Análise da viabilidade técnica para implantação de energia fotovoltaica em edifício de um templo religioso na cidade de Porciúncula – RJ / Analysis of the technical feasibility of implementing photovoltaic energy in a religious temple building in the city of Porciúncula – RJ

O contexto energético mundial associado à necessidade do desenvolvimento tecnológico sustentável implica na constante busca por fontes alternativas de energias renováveis. Nesse contexto, a energia solar se apresenta como uma fonte de energia inesgotável, considerando o alto índice de radiação que o sol fornece diariamente à terra. A energia solar fotovoltaica se apresenta como principal sistema de conversão da energia proveniente do sol. A localização estratégica do Brasil confere ao país uma capacidade de geração de energia solar singular. Baseado nessas considerações, o objetivo desse estudo é analisar a implantação de um sistema fotovoltaico na Igreja Cristã Casa de Oração de Porciúncula- RJ. De posse de uma ótima média de radiação anual, entre 4,9 e 5,09 Kwh/m².dia, e com amplo espaço útil nos telhados para instalação do sistema , concluiu-se que há a viabilidade técnica para implementação do projeto

Investigação da transferência de calor em cilindros aquecidos utilizando a dinâmica dos fluidos computacional / Heat transfer investigation in heated cylinders using computational fluid dynamics

Diversos dispositivos presentes na indústria utilizam cilindros aquecidos, onde por meio destes ocorre a troca de calor. O escoamento através desta geometria vem sendo investigado para melhor compreender suas características, no entanto o modelo matemático que descreve o comportamento do escoamento é complexo e na maioria das vezes dados experimentais são a principal fonte de informação. Entretanto, atualmente é possível realizar a predição de tal fenômeno através da ciência conhecida como dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (DFC). Visto isto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as características do escoamento ao redor de cilindros aquecidos por meio desta técnica e examinar os resultados obtidos com dados disponíveis na literatura. Para isto, empregou-se diferentes softwares livres, o Gmsh foi utilizado na construção da geometria e malha, o OpenFoam para a solução numérica das equações que descrevem tal fenômeno, o Gnuplot no acompanhamento do resíduo e de parâmetros de interesse, e finalmente o ParaView na visualização do escoamento. Através da simulação observou-se as particularidades transientes do escoamento, visualizando o desprendimento de vórtices e a formação da esteira de von Kármán, no qual este evento foi responsável por induzir oscilações nos coeficientes de arrasto e sustentação. Desta forma, as simulações concordaram com as características previstas na literatura. Tendo em vista estes aspectos, foi possível concluir que a autenticidade da metodologia empregada no presente estudo, através dos softwares mencionados, foi comprovada

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data