Functional MRI imaging in localizing motor paradigm

Objectives – Understanding how brain works was the neuroscience’s goal, since day one. The cerebral analysis development’s came along with the widespread of fMRI usage. Following the neuroscience facts, this study aims to identify the cerebral localization of the motor cortex, in a young and healthy population. By allowing a better knowledge of this area, it gives an important contribution to the neurology science. Material and methods – fMRIs were performed in 30 healthy subjects, in clinical medical imaging. To achieve this purpose, we employed proper resonance equipment. The motor paradigm used was the fingers’ movement. By the obtained images, the region’s areas were measured. The data were analysed by a statistic program (SPSS version 19). Conclusion – In conclusion, we observed that the area which was more active, when motor paradigms were in execution, relies on left cerebral hemisphere

Triquilemoma Desmoplástico em Nevo Sebáceo do Couro Cabeludo

Originally described by Jadassohn in 1895, it was not until 1932 that the term “nevus sebaceous” was introduced by Robinson. It is a prevalent benign congenital hamartoma that classically evolves through discrete phases of growth and that, from the 4th to the 7th decade of life, can give rise in approximately 10 to 30% of cases to several epithelial neoplasms. Very seldom reported in this context, trichilemmomas are benign appendageal tumours that arise from or differentiate toward the outer root sheath epithelium of the normal hair follicle. Usually solitary, they present as verrucous, keratotic or smooth papules on the face, especially in the vicinity of the nose and lips. On clinical grounds, desmoplastic trichilemmomas, a rare benign histological sub-type of trichilemmomas, are easily taken for basal cell carcinomas, intradermal nevi, verrucae, cutaneous horns, sebaceous hyperplasia and squamous cell carcinomas; as far as pathology, differential diagnosis must include the desmoplastic variants of squamous and basal cell carcinomas, as well as trichilemmal carcinoma. A 56 year old Caucasian male presented with several asymptomatic pearly, translucid nodules and papules that had developed over the last 6 months within a congenital alopecic yellowish plaque of his scalp previously diagnosed, on clinical grounds, as a nevus sebaceous. Histopathological examination allowed to disclose a lobular neoplasm with the classic features of desmoplastic trichilemmoma. The case is iconographically depicted and the relevant literature is reviewed.Descrito originalmente por Jadassohn em 1895, foi apenas em 1932 que a designação “nevo sebáceo” foi introduzida, por Robinson. Trata-se de um hamartoma congénito relativamente prevalente que, classicamente, evolui por fases de crescimento e maturação (classicamente estão descritas 3 fases: infância <12; adolescência 12-18; adultos >18) e que, do 4º ao 7º decénios pode originar, em 10-30% dos casos), várias neoplasias epiteliais. Muito raramente reportados neste contexto, os triquilemomas são tumores anexiais benignos que se originam ou diferenciam no epitélio da bainha radicular externa folicular. Habitualmente solitários, podem apresentar-se clinicamente como pápulas translúcidas ou queratósicas faciais, em particular na proximidade da pirâmide nasal e dos lábios. A rara variante histológica “triquilemoma desmoplásico” pode simular clinicamente basaliomas (CBC), carcinomas espinhocelulares (CEC), nevos intradérmicos, verrugas virais, cornos cutâneos ou hiperplasias sebáceas e, histologicamente, evocar variantes desmoplásicas de CBCs, CECs e de carcinomas triquilémicos. É apresentado caso de doente eurocaucasiano de 56 anos de idade que apresentava pápulas e nódulos translúcidos assintomáticos, desenvolvidos num nevo sebáceo do couro cabeludo. O estudo histológico revelou uma proliferação lobular com as características clássicas do triquilemoma desmoplásico no seio de um hamartoma sebáceo. O caso é ilustrado iconograficamente e a literatura relevante é sumariamente revista

A comparative study of rare earth metals recovery by bacteria and algae

Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the research project PTDC/AAG-TEC/5269/2014, the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE - 01 - 0145 - FEDER - 000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norteinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Metástases Cutâneas de Carcinoma de Células de Hürthle da Tiróide

Overall, skin metastases from internal malignancies are a rare event, ranging from 0.9% to 4.4% in large autopsy studies and reaching 9% in large series of patients. Skin metastases from thyroid carcinoma are even rarer and, among them, follicular carcinomas have seldom been reported in this context, far less so than papillary and medullary carcinomas. A 57-year-old Caucasian male presented with an angioma-like papule on the parietal area of the scalp with a 4-month history. The patient had endured 2 years previously total thyroidectomy, radiotherapy and several chemotherapeutical regimens for a metastatic Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Excisional biopsy of the nodules established the diagnosis of metastatic (lung and liver) follicular cell carcinoma on plain histological and immunohistochemical grounds. Lymph nodes, lungs and bones are the most common sites of distant metastases of thyroid carcinomas. Although accounting for about 12% of all thyroid carcinomas, skin metastases from follicular carcinomas have however only rarely been reported. These tumours are usually well-differentiated carcinomas, bearing a fair long-term prognosis and characterized pathologically by the presence of follicular structures and colloid material in the midst of diverse amounts of anaplasia and architectural disorganization. In our case, it is noteworthy the angioma-like morphology of the metastatic nodule, classically associated with renal cell carcinoma scalp metastases, as well as its aggressive nature which led eventually to a fatal outcome. This case is ichnographically depicted and a review of the relevant literature is done.Metástases cutâneas de neoplasias internas constituem um evento raro, ocorrendo em 0,9% a 4,4% em grandes estudos necrópsicos e atingindo 9% em grandes séries de doentes neoplásicos. Metástases cutâneas de carcinomas da tiróide são ainda mais raros e, entre eles, os de carcinomas foliculares foram mais raramente reportados, mais escassamente do que os de carcinomas papilares ou medulares. Um Eurocaucasiano de 57 A de idade recorreu à consulta por pápula angiomatoide na área parietal do couro cabeludo, com cerca de 4 meses de evolução. O doente tinha sido submetido, 2 anos antes, a tiroidectomia total, complementada com radioterapia e diversos esquemas quimioterapêuticos por um carcinoma metastático de células de Hürthle da tiróide. A biópsia excisional da pápula permitiu estabelecer, com recurso a estudos imuno-histoquímicos, o diagnóstico de metástase cutânea de carcinoma folicular da tiróide. Os gânglios linfáticos, pulmões e os ossos constituem as mais prevalentes localizações à distância das metástases do carcinoma folicular da tiróide. Embora estas neoplasias representem até 12% das neoplasias malignas da tiróide, metástases cutâneas destes tumores têm sido muito raramente reportadas. Estes tumores são habitualmente carcinomas bem diferenciados, com prognóstico favorável a longo termo e caracterizados histologicamente por estruturas foliculares com material colóide e variáveis anaplasia e distorção arquitectural. No caso apresentado merecem destaque a morfologia angiomatoide da lesão metastática, classicamente associada a metástases de tumores de células renais e a alguns casos já relatados de tumores de células de Hürthle, bem como o comportamento agressivo e a evolução fatal verificados. O caso é ilustrado iconograficamente e uma breve revisão da literatura é efectuada

Development and measurement of the transverse diameter of the fetal cerebellum by MRI

The fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective method in the prenatal evaluation of normal brain morphology and diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system. It is an important complement to clinical ultrasound. The cerebellum is one of the least affected structures in cases of fetal growth restriction, so it is a good index for evaluating the fetal development and gestational age. Thus, the biometric evaluation is essential in fetal prenatal diagnosis of brain development. Purpose – Evaluation of the transversal cerebellum diameter (the anatomical structures reference of fetal central nervous system) and compare it with an international reference study in this regard. Material and methods – The sample consisted of 84 pregnant women who have performed magnetic resonance in a medical imaging clinic in the Centre region. The average considered for evaluating the fetal development was the transversal cerebellum diameter. Results – The results for the transversal cerebellum diameter demonstrate the absence of statistically significant mean differences (p>0.05) in the number of weeks of gestation compared with theoretical values measured in the study by Garel. Conclusion – Based on the obtained results we can conclude that the parameter analyzed is consistent with the publication of Catherine Garel – Le développement du cerveau foetal atlas IRM et biometrie

LÍQUEN NÍTIDO DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO BLASCHKO-LINEAR EM DOENTE COM IMUNODEFICIÊNCIA COMUM VARIÁVEL

Lichen Nitidus is a chronic idiopathic immunologically-driven dermatosis that is characterized on the clinical domain by shiny, flesh-colored micropapules and, pathologically, by a lymphohistiocytic dermal infiltrate with hydropic degeneration of the basal layer or, on occasions, inflammation with granulomatous features. The infiltrate fulfills and distorts the papillary dermis, compress the overlying atrophic epidermis and is laterally confined by elongated epidermal ridges in a "baseball and glove" appearance. The case of a Common Variable Immunodeficiency patient that developed lichen nitidus in a strictly blaschkolinear distribution is reported. Semiological details foster in this case a discussion on the nosological positioning of lichen nitidus among the lichenoid dermatoses.Líquen Nítido é uma dermatose idiopática crónica rara, de determinismo imunológico, caracterizada clinicamente por micropápulas brilhantes da cor da pele normal e, no plano histopatológico, por infiltrado inflamatório linfohistiocitário, com degenerescência hidrópica da camada basal, comprimindo a epiderme suprajacente e confinado lateralmente por prolongamentos epidérmicos digitiformes. Apresentamos caso clínico de doente com Líquen Nítido confinado a uma única linha de Blaschko em doente com uma Imunodeficiência Comum Variável, no qual particularidades semiológicas suscitam interrogações quanto ao posicionamento nosológico da dermatose no concerto das dermatoses liquenóides

QUISTOS LANUGINOSOS ERUPTIVOS

The case of a 6 year old Caucasian male bearing, for the last 12 months, asymptomatic nondescript, flesh colored papules on his anterior thorax and arms is reported. Upon pathological examination, the diagnosis of Eruptive Vellus Hair Cysts was confirmed. A brief revision of this entity, as well as its nosographic framing within the cyst-like developmental skin abnormalities is done.É apresentado caso de eurocaucasiano masculino de 6 anos de idade com história com cerca de 1 ano de evolução de pápulas assintomáticas na face anterior do tronco e antebraços. O estudo histopatológico de pápula torácica confirmou o diagnóstico de Quistos Lanuginosos Eruptivos. É efectuada breve revisão da entidade, seu posicionamento nosográfico e associações patológicas descritas

Saúde óssea, prática desportiva e ciclo de vida

Compreender que a Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO) é o resultado de um processo dinâmico de formação e reabsorção do tecido ósseo é essencial para jovens na puberdade, adultos, desportistas e sedentários. A relação entre exercício físico e DMO foi um dos objetivos deste estudo. Primeiramente tentou perceber-se a concordância entre os valores de composição corporal, de DMO e de Conteúdo Mineral Ósseo (CMO) obtidos com recurso a equipamentos de absorciometria de raios-X de dupla energia (DXA) concorrentes e de características técnicas diferentes. Verificou-se a não existência de diferenças significativas na análise à DMO no colo do fémur, no triângulo de Ward, no trocânter e no corpo total. A avaliação da Massa Magra (MM) também foi concordante no corpo total. Porém, o tecido gordo não deve ser referenciado. Avaliou-se também a relação entre a DXA e um novo modelo baseado em antropometria para estimar o volume da coxa em pesquisas sobre atletas de voleibol adolescentes do sexo feminino. Esta equação representa uma alternativa precisa e prática para quantificar o volume da coxa em jogadoras de voleibol feminino na adolescência tardia. De seguida, compararam-se os valores de densidade óssea, composição corporal, maturidade biológica, determinações de perfis lipídicos e inflamatórios em nadadores, basquetebolistas e sedentários. O basquetebol parece mais benéfico para os parâmetros ósseos do que a natação, enquanto os parâmetros lipídicos parecem ser mais afetados pela prática da natação do que de basquetebol. Estudaram-se ainda as diferenças de DMO, CMO, composição corporal, força estática e força isocinética entre um grupo de futebolistas e um grupo de jovens adultos fisicamente ativos e saudáveis. Constatou-se que a prática de atividades físicas com inúmeros impactos mecânicos, como o futebol, é suficiente para promover a obtenção e controlo de composição corporal ideal, conferindo vantagens acrescidas de tecido ósseo em jovens adultos do sexo masculino. Posteriormente, comparou-se a composição corporal e a densidade óssea entre jovens nadadoras e jogadoras de voleibol. Encontraram-se valores mais elevados de DMO e CMO em todo o corpo nas voleibolistas e também maiores níveis de massa gorda (MG) quando comparados com as nadadores. Estes estudos fornecem implicações práticas para jovens sedentários, atletas jovens de vários desportos com diferentes implicações ao nível do impacto e treinadores que podem beneficiar de rotinas de treino complementares com atividades portadoras de peso osteogénico, como resistência, força e treino pliométrico.To understand that Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a result of dynamic formation process and bone tissue resorption is essential for youth, adulthood, athletes and sedentary participants. To study the relationship between exercise and BMD was one of the aims of current study. Firstly, accordance between different Dual Energy X-rays (DXA) equipment’s, competitors and technical characteristics were considered. Different variables were tacked in account: body composition, DMO and Bone Mineral Content (CMO). Results presented no significant differences in BMD analysis; femoral neck, Ward`s triangle, trochanter and whole body. The assessment of lean body mass (MM) was accordant with whole body. However, fat tissue should not be referenced. Subsequently, it was investigated a relationship between DXA output and a new anthropometry-based to estimate thigh volumes in youth female volleyball athletes. This equation represents an accurate and practical alternative to invasive methods. Values for BMD, body composition, static strength, isokinetic strength, maturity status, lipid and inflammatory profile determinations were compared in three different male groups: swimmers, basketball players and sedentary participants. Basketball seems more beneficial to bone parameters than swimming, while lipid parameters seem to be more affected by swimming practice than basketball. Same variables (BMD, body composition, static strength, isokinetic strength) were studied between soccer players and young adults’ physically active and healthy participants. It was observed that the practice of physical activities with numerous mechanical impacts, like soccer, is sufficient to promote the acquisition and control of the ideal body composition, giving additional advantages in bone tissue parameters. Moreover, comparisons between body composition and BMD in swimmers and volleyball players were performed. Volleyball players presented higher values for whole body BMD, whole body BMC and fat mass (FM) when compared to swimmers. Current studies provide practical implications for young sedentary people and young athletes participants from different sports with different implications and impact-level. Coaches can benefit from additional training routines with osteogenic, weight-bearing activities, such as resistance, strength and plyometric workout

Impact of moderating fees on utilisation of paediatric health care: study applied to school age children in the city of Coimbra

RESUMO - Este estudo pretende avaliar o impacto das taxas moderadoras na utilização de cuidados pediátricos e a perspetiva dos pais sobre fatores condicionadores da procura. Foi construído um questionário; preenchido por pais de crianças entre 6-18 anos. Usámos o modelo binomial negativo para avaliar os efeitos sobre utilização de cuidados. A amostra inclui 203 crianças (109 isentas). Ser isento tem efeito positivo (negativo) na utilização por motivo doença (prevenção); rendimento e escolaridade dos pais têm efeitos mistos; tal como isento*rendimento – efeitos não significativos. Pelos resultados obtidos, as taxas moderadoras não afetam a utilização de cuidados, questionando-se a justificação para a sua existência.ABSTRACT - This study aims to assess the impact of moderating fees on utilisation of paediatric health care and the perspectives of parents regarding factors that influence demand. A questionnaire was developed; data was self-reported by parents of children aged 6-18. To assess the effects on utilisation we used the negative binomial model. The sample includes 203 children (109 exempt). Being exempt has a positive (negative) impact on utilisation due to illness (prevention); income and parents’ education have mixed effects; the same happens to exempt*income–effects not significant. Based on the results obtained, moderating fees do not affect utilisation, raising the question on their justification.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Using UAV-Based Systems to Monitor Air Pollution in Areas with Poor Accessibility

[EN] Air pollution monitoring has recently become an issue of utmost importance in our society. Despite the fact that crowdsensing approaches could be an adequate solution for urban areas, they cannot be implemented in rural environments. Instead, deploying a fleet of UAVs could be considered an acceptable alternative. Embracing this approach, this paper proposes the use of UAVs equipped with off-the-shelf sensors to perform air pollution monitoring tasks. These UAVs are guided by our proposed Pollution-driven UAV Control (PdUC) algorithm, which is based on a chemotaxis metaheuristic and a local particle swarm optimization strategy. Together, they allow automatically performing the monitoring of a specified area using UAVs. Experimental results show that, when using PdUC, an implicit priority guides the construction of pollution maps by focusing on areas where the pollutants' concentration is higher. This way, accurate maps can be constructed in a faster manner when compared to other strategies. The PdUC scheme is compared against various standard mobility models through simulation, showing that it achieves better performance. In particular, it is able to find the most polluted areas with more accuracy and provides a higher coverage within the time bounds defined by the UAV flight time.This work has been partially carried out in the framework of the DIVINA Challenge Team, which is funded under the Labex MS2T program. Labex MS2T is supported by the French Government, through the program "Investments for the Future" managed by the National Agency for Research (Reference: ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02). 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