Towards an assessment of the balance state of the Greenland Ice Sheet

The climate of Europe is strongly influenced by heat transport by ocean currents flowing from equatorial regions towards the Arctic (Clark et al. 2002). During recent years, research has been increasingly focused on factors affecting this circulation, e.g. the freshwater budget of the Arctic which is influenced by glacial meltwater from North and East Greenland outlet glaciers (Linthout et al. 2000, Mayer et al. 2000). Furthermore, the climate is affected by snow cover that, apart from its contribution to the freshwater budget, provides feedback effects in that it reflects most of the solar radiation. Apart from Arctic sea-ice cover, the Greenland Ice Sheet is the largest permanent ice- and snow-covered area in the northern hemisphere, with an area of 1.67 ×106 km2 and by far the largest storage of ice with a volume of 2.93 × 106 km3 (Bamber et al. 2001). Most of the mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet (the least known mass-balance parameter) occurs in the marginal region of the ice sheet, which is also the area where the largest changes in albedo occur. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has for many years carried out research along the Greenland Ice Sheet margin to monitor changes of mass balance and melt conditions

Inclusion of 2d transition metal dichalcogenides in perovskite inks and their influence on solar cell performance

Funding Information: Acknowledgments: V.N. wishes to thank the support from the ERC 3D2DPrint CoG Grant. The authors gratefully acknowledge the project Best4U—“Tecnologia per celle solari bifacciali ad alta Efficienza a 4 terminali per utility scale”. The authors are grateful to the “Progetto Tecnopolo per la Medicina di precisione, Deliberazione della Giunta Regionale n. 2117 del 21 November 2018”.Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have raised great interest in recent years due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, which promise stunning improvements in photovoltaic technologies. Moreover, two-dimensional layered materials such as graphene, its derivatives, and transition metal dichalcogenides have been extensively investigated for a wide range of electronic and optoelectronic applications and have recently shown a synergistic effect in combination with hybrid perovskite materials. Here, we report on the inclusion of liquid-phase exfoliated molybdenum disulfide nanosheets into different perovskite precursor solutions, exploring their influence on final device performance. We compared the effect of such additives upon the growth of diverse perovskites, namely CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3 ) and triple-cation with mixed halides Csx (MA0.17FA0.83 )(1−x)Pb (I0.83Br0.17 )3 perovskite. We show how for the referential MAPbI3 materials the addition of the MoS2 additive leads to the formation of larger, highly crystalline grains, which result in a remarkable 15% relative improvement in power conversion efficiency. On the other hand, for the mixed cation– halide perovskite no improvements were observed, confirming that the nucleation process for the two materials is differently influenced by the presence of MoS2 .publishersversionpublishe

The ALLgorithMM: How to define the hemodilution of bone marrow samples in lymphoproliferative diseases

IntroductionMinimal residual disease (MRD) is commonly assessed in bone marrow (BM) aspirate. However, sample quality can impair the MRD measurement, leading to underestimated residual cells and to false negative results. To define a reliable and reproducible method for the assessment of BM hemodilution, several flow cytometry (FC) strategies for hemodilution evaluation have been compared. MethodsFor each BM sample, cells populations with a well-known distribution in BM and peripheral blood - e.g., mast cells (MC), immature (IG) and mature granulocytes (N) - have been studied by FC and quantified alongside the BM differential count. ResultsThe frequencies of cells' populations were correlated to the IG/N ratio, highlighting a mild correlation with MCs and erythroblasts (R=0.25 and R=0.38 respectively, with p-value=0.0006 and 0.0000052), whereas no significant correlation was found with B or T-cells. The mild correlation between IG/N, erythroblasts and MCs supported the combined use of these parameters to evaluate BM hemodilution, hence the optimization of the ALLgorithMM. Once validated, the ALLgorithMM was employed to evaluate the dilution status of BM samples in the context of MRD assessment. Overall, we found that 32% of FC and 52% of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses were MRD negative in samples resulted hemodiluted (HD) or at least mildly hemodiluted (mHD). ConclusionsThe high frequency of MRD-negative results in both HD and mHD samples implies the presence of possible false negative MRD measurements, impairing the correct assessment of patients' response to therapy and highlighs the importance to evaluate BM hemodilution

Hvordan beregne ekstremverdier for gitte gjentaksintervaller?

Rapporten presenterer elementer av ekstremverditeorien, vurderer ulike modeller (distribusjoner) for beregning av ekstremverdier, og foreslår ”best praksis” for beregning av nedbørsverdier for store gjentaksintervaller som har betydning for skredfarekartlegging under norske forhol

Gjennomgang av skredfareutredninger utarbeidet av konsulenter i perioden 2011-2014

190 skredfareutredninger utarbeidet av konsulenter mellom 2011 og 2014 er gjennomgått for å kartlegge omfanget av undersøkelse og dokumentasjon som er typisk i denne typen utredning under dagens praksis. Resultatene er sammenfattet i denne rapporten. Rapporten er ment som grunnlag for en diskusjon i det norske fagmiljøet med hensyn til å vurdere dagens kvalitetsnivå og behov for kompetanseoppbyggin

The distribution of snow accumulation across the Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard: direct measurements and modelling

We present an analysis of the spatial variability in the snow accumulation on the Austfonna ice cap in Svalbard, Norway, based on the results of field investigations conducted in the spring of 1999, 2004 and 2005. During the campaigns ground penetrating radar measurements at 500 and 800 MHz were collected along profiles, along with additional manual snow sounding and pit stratigraphy work. The analysis of the data reveals a consistent pattern in the spatial distribution of the snow accumulation over the ice-cap, and therefore enables the compilation of a multiple regression model of the snow distribution across the ice cap. Once validated, the results of the model complement the information derived from direct measurements, with an accumulation index for every point on the ice cap, thus enhancing the accuracy of future mass balance studies and dynamic modelling of Austfonna. As very few direct meteorological measurements are performed in the eastern part of Svalbard, the accumulation measurements on the Austfonna ice cap provide valuable integrated information about winter precipitation in this region

OAB-057: Temporal-weight estimation of the copy number alterations of of 1384 Multiple Myeloma patients defines an ancestrality index impacting patients survival

Background MM is a hematological malignancy always evolving from pre-malignant stages, with progressive increase of genomic complexity. MM is characterized by a large abundance of copy number alterations (CNA); many of them, regarded as “driver”, stack up progressively from early tumor stages, causing biological changes that give rise to tumor hallmarks and malignant phenotypes. The combined application of whole genome analysis and mathematical models allows to deeply describe these alterations and to infer their order of acquisition during oncogenesis from their clonality levels, assuming that clonal ones are more ancestral than subclonal. Aims: (1) To define the temporal order of acquisition of CNA, leading to the onset of symptomatic MM and (2) to define a scoring model able to stratify patients (pts) according to the ancestrality of the alterations observed in their genomic landscape. Methods Genomic data collected from a total of 1384 newly diagnosed MM pts were included in the study: SNPs array data were collected from 514 pts of our Institution (BO dataset); in 870 pts, WES data were downloaded from CoMMpass study. CN calls and clonality levels were harmonized by an analysis pipeline including ASCAT, GISTIC v2 and custom R scripts. Timing estimates were obtained with BradleyTerry2 package. Survival analysis were performed on R. Results A full call-set of CNAs was obtained by harmonizing BO and CoMMpass datasets. The clonality information was first extrapolated from the whole call-set, to define the temporal order of acquisition of non-primary CNAs. CNAs were then accurately ranked, by using the obtained timing estimates, characterized by a quite narrow confidence interval. Of interest, chr 1q gains and chr 13q losses were frequently clonal and ranked as ancestral events, whereas chr 17p losses were late occurring events. By weighting the CNAs carried by any given pts at diagnosis with their relative timing estimate in a combinatorial process, an Ancestrality Index (AI) was defined for each pts (median AI=3.4, IQR=1.7-6.0). The AI was found to be significantly associated with progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (p3.4 (i.e. with a more “ancestral” profile) had a worse outcome as compared to the rest of pts (OS 40% vs 58%, PFS 42% vs 56%, at a median follow up of 92m and 34m, p<0.001).The risk attributed to this “ancestral” category was independent from other high-risk cytogenetic features (i.e. del17p, t(4;14), t(14;20), t(14;20)). Conclusions By means of whole genome analysis and dataset harmonizing, the temporal order of acquisition of MM CNAs has been confidently described. A score reflecting the disease ancestrality of MM pts at diagnosis was generated and associated to survival outcomes. Overall, these findings support the evidence that MM pts at diagnosis carrying an excess of ancestral alterations, expected to likely be drivers, are prone to have a dismal prognosis