[Effect of a probiotic strain administration in different feeding phases on α- and β-diversity and gene expression of the rumen microbiome in lactating cows] Влияние введения пробиотического штамма на разных этапах кормления на α- и β-разнообразие и экспрессию генов микробиомы рубца у лактирующих коров

In cows, there is a drastic metabolic stress caused by violations of the rumen microbiome composition during lactation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the α-and β-diversity of the rumen microbiome of lactating cows using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and gene expression assessed by qPCR, as well as evaluation of the corrective properties of a probiotic strain introduced into the rumen. The results showed that the addition of the probiotic to the diet contributed to an effective increase in the fat content of milk during the early lactation period (P ≤ 0.05). The NGS-based analysis of the rumen microbiome of the studied cows using the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the Shannon and Chao1 indices of α-diversity of prokaryotic communities remained unchanged during various feeding phases, as well as due to the probiotic effects. In the early lactation period and under the probiotic’s impact, the number of representatives of the Clostridia_UCG-014 and Clostridiaceae families declined by 2.4 and 1.6 times, respectively (in Group 2 as compared to Group 1, P ≤ 0.05). Expression of the bacterial Ldh-L and ldhD genes was lower by 2.9 and 13.5 times, respectively (P ≤ 0.05), when adding the probiotic to the diet in the early lactation period. У коров возникает резкий метаболический стресс, вызванный нарушениями состава микробиома рубца в период лактации. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение α- и β-разнообразия микробиома рубца лактирующих коров с помощью секвенирования следующего поколения (NGS) и экспрессии генов, оцениваемой методом qPCR, а также оценка корригирующих свойств пробиотического штамма, введенного в рубец. Результаты показали, что добавление в рацион пробиотика способствовало эффективному повышению жирности молока в ранний период лактации (Р≤0,05). Анализ микробиома рубца изучаемых коров методом NGS с использованием последовательностей гена 16S рРНК показал, что индексы Шеннона и Chao1 α-разнообразия прокариотических сообществ оставались неизменными в разные фазы кормления, а также за счет пробиотических эффектов. В ранний лактационный период и под влиянием пробиотика численность представителей семейств Clostridia_UCG-014 и Clostridiaceae уменьшилась в 2,4 и 1,6 раза соответственно (во 2-й группе по сравнению с 1-й, P ≤ 0,05). Экспрессия бактериальных генов Ldh-L и ldhD была ниже в 2,9 и 13,5 раза соответственно (P ≤ 0,05) при добавлении в рацион пробиотика в ранний период лактации. Russian authors' names: Георгий Лаптев, Дарья Тюрина, Елена Йылдырым, Лариса Ильина, Ксения Калиткина, ООО «БИОТРОФ+», Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет (ФГБОУ ВО СПбГАУ), Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Валентина Филиппова, Андрей Дубровин, Наталья Новикова, Екатерина Пономарева, ООО «БИОТРОФ», Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Хайрулламин Башир, Татьяна Сметанникова, Иван Малахов, Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет (ФГБОУ ВО СПбГАУ), Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Михаил Романов, Кентский университет, Великобритания. (Третья международная конференция "Цифровизация сельского хозяйства и органическое производство ADOP 2023": Программа конференции и тезисы, 5–7 июня 2023 года г., Санкт-Петербург, Россия

Joint Will of Spouses in Russian and Foreign Legislation: a Comparative Research

We made a comparative analysis between the legislation of Russia and some foreign countries on the joint will of spouses by methods of scientific knowledge in order to draw conclusions about the prospects of development of Russian legislation using foreign experience. We also considered the legislation on the general will of spouses and checked the the features of the joint will of spouses under the legislation of Germany, England, Ukraine and other countries. We prepared some proposals for improving the legislation of the Russian Federation on the joint will of spouses. The result of the study is the conclusion that the joint will in Russian law is a logical and justified innovation, reflecting a conceptual approach to the disposal of common property of spouses, based on the expansion of the dispositivity in inheritance law

The relationship between value orientations and personal readiness for activity in youth from Russia, Kazakhstan and Latvia

Background. The development of high-quality human capital is an important objective that involves value orientations, cultural dimensions and psychological characteristics of activity. This article presents a cross-cultural comparison of value orientations and psychological parameters of activity among youth from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Latvia. Objective. The study addressed three questions: (1) Are there values and attitudes related to the readiness for activity among youth in the three countries? (2) Are there any dfferences between values and parameters of the psychological system of activity in the Russian, Kazakhstani and Latvian samples? (3) What values and attitudes predict the youth’s readiness for activity in each country? Design. University students from Russia, Kazakhstan and Latvia were invited to participate in the study. !e study sample was selected according to age, sex and period of living in the country. Value orientations, cultural dimensions and attitudes were measured by the Values Survey Module, World Values Survey questionnaire, !e Subjective Evaluation of Basic Values Realisability. Personality Research Form, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, Subjective Happiness Scale, Self-Organisation of Activity Questionnaire, Differential Test of Re#exivity, and Satisfaction with Life Scale questionnaires were applied to evaluate the psychological parameters of activity. To analyse the relationship between value orientations and psychological parameters of activity, we used analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coe$cient and stepwise linear regression. Results. The cross-cultural variance was established for most values and cultural dimensions in the Russian, Kazakhstani, and Latvian samples, but Personal readiness for activity only di"ered on the tendency level between the Kazakhstani and Latvian samples. Di"erent values and attitudes accounted for near 57% of the Personal readiness for activity index in Russia and Latvia, but just less than 29% in Kazakhstan. Conclusion. The activity of university students from Russia depends on their need for achievement and level of happiness. In the Kazakhstani and Latvian samples, the most important factor was the quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction index

Effect of a probiotic strain administration in different feeding phases on α- and β-diversity and gene expression of the rumen microbiome in lactating cows

In cows, there is a drastic metabolic stress caused by violations of the rumen microbiome composition during lactation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the α-and β-diversity of the rumen microbiome of lactating cows using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and gene expression assessed by qPCR, as well as evaluation of the corrective properties of a probiotic strain introduced into the rumen. The results showed that the addition of the probiotic to the diet contributed to an effective increase in the fat content of milk during the early lactation period (P ≤ 0.05). The NGS-based analysis of the rumen microbiome of the studied cows using the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the Shannon and Chao1 indices of α-diversity of prokaryotic communities remained unchanged during various feeding phases, as well as due to the probiotic effects. In the early lactation period and under the probiotic’s impact, the number of representatives of the Clostridia_UCG-014 and Clostridiaceae families declined by 2.4 and 1.6 times, respectively (in Group 2 as compared to Group 1, P ≤ 0.05). Expression of the bacterial Ldh-L and ldhD genes was lower by 2.9 and 13.5 times, respectively (P ≤ 0.05), when adding the probiotic to the diet in the early lactation period