Tilgang til produktive ressurser og virkninger på rurale husholds velferd i Uganda

This thesis assesses the impact of access to productive assets on the welfare of rural farm households in Uganda. It consists of an introduction paper and five other independent papers. Paper I provides robust empirical evidence on the poverty reducing impact of land access through market and non-market avenues in rural Uganda. The paper found significant poverty reduction effects of increased land access in form of owned, operated and market accessed land after controlling for the endogeneity bias of land access and welfare effects of the unobserved heterogeneity. Paper II employs the income approach to compute the value of household human capital. It then estimates the impact of changes in human capital endowment and health shocks to human capital on the real household expenditure per adult-equivalent. The paper found positive and highly significant poverty reducing effects of increased investment in human capital after controlling for the endogeneity bias of human capital variation, but the welfare effects of unexpected death and sickness shocks were insignificant. Paper III estimates the impact of the endowment of young children on household expenditure per adult-equivalent. The analysis found small and insignificant impact of increased number and adult-equivalent of young children on household welfare after controlling for the endogeneity of children, differences in the number of children, and effects of adult human capital trade-offs. Limited short-term economic benefits of children and strong trade-off between adult human capital and young children in a household were found. Paper IV assesses the impact of access to livestock holdings and productive farm equipments on expenditure per adult-equivalent. The analysis found significant welfare increasing effects of access to additional livestock holdings and productive farm equipments, after controlling for the endogeneity of each productive asset and unobserved heterogeneity. The study indicates high levels of inequality and strong positive correlation between each asset endowment and household expenditure. Paper V provides a synthesis of the relative poverty reduction impacts of household access to four productive assets; land operated; human capital; livestock endowments; and physical farm equipments in rural Uganda. A translog production function based on first-differenced data and a semiparametric statistical smoothing method was applied to assess the returns to each asset and the likely asset interaction effects. An increase of each of four assets was found to generate strong and significant poverty reduction effects. Human capital and livestock, and livestock and farm equipment appeared to be potential substitutes in the household production process

Technical Report: Market and value chain analysis of ware potato from eastern Uganda with a focus on postharvest management practices and losses

European UnionInternational Fund for Agricultural Developmen

Strategic priorities for agricultural development in Eastern and Central Africa:

"Agricultural development strategies delineate priorities for actions to enhance agricultural and overall development. They are usually put forward by individual countries based on assessments of national needs. Seldom are attempts made to identify strategic priorities for agricultural development that cut across national boundaries. This gap is perhaps not surprising—organizations mandated to develop and implement regional agricultural development programs are rare. Although the gap may be understandable, it is also troubling. This report helps to fill that gap for eastern and central Africa (ECA), focusing on Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Recent trends and the current performance of agriculture in these countries expose a region progressively less able to meet the needs of its burgeoning population... The analysis... suggests that to avoid the bleak growth and poverty outcomes implied by business-as-usual in agriculture, ECA governments must invest in combinations of measures that (1) spur productivity growth, focusing on subsectors with high demand within ECA; (2) strengthen agricultural markets; (3) enhance linkages between agricultural and nonagricultural sectors; and (4) exploit opportunities for regional cooperation." from Authors' AbstractAgricultural development, Agriculture Economic aspects, Agricultural development projects, Eastern Africa,

Postharvest losses along the cooking banana, potato and cassava fresh value chains in Uganda

Policy makers and development practitioners are challenged by the paucity of reliable data on the extent of postharvest losses (PHL) for devising suitable policies and strategies for their reduction. This study estimates PHL at different stages of the cooking banana, potato and cassava fresh value chains in Uganda by using cross-sectional data. A distinction was made between physical losses (product disappearing from the chain) and economic losses (partially deteriorated product sold at discounted price). Our findings indicate that the non-marketed output incurs very low physical losses (apart from potatoes, primarily during harvesting and storage) and, by definition, no economic losses. Conversely, substantial losses are found along the market chain. Physical losses affect about 30% of traded potatoes, followed by bananas (21%) and cassava (3%). However, the cassava value chain is characterized by much higher economic losses (about 47% of marketed roots sold at discount due to their rapid postharvest deterioration) than in the case of bananas and potatoes (10% and 8%, respectively). Overall, out of the total marketed output, 50% of cassava, 38% of potatoes and 30% of bananas incur either physical or economic losses. However, unlike banana and cassava that are mainly subsistence crops, potato in Uganda is primarily produced for the market. This results in a proportion of total potato production incurring PHL much higher (36%) than for banana and cassava (about 12%). Nevertheless, being its annual production enormous in the country, the quantity of bananas affected by PHL is about 7 and 25 times higher than the one of cassava and potato, respectively. Banana and cassava retailers - primarily women - are the value chain actors incurring the highest losses while, for potato, wholesalers are the most affected. Our findings contribute to policy prioritization and show that a diverse set of interventions is required to tackle PHL

Welfare Effects of Market Friendly Land Reforms in Uganda

This article estimates the poverty reducing impact of the recent land reforms and land transfers in the different land tenure systems of Uganda. Using balanced panel data for 309 households in 2001, 2003, and 2005, models that control for unobserved household heterogeneity and endogeneity of land acquisition and disposition are employed to measure the poverty-reduction effect of land on household expenditure per adult equivalent. Significant poverty reduction effects of increased land access in form of owned, operated and market-accessed land were found. The poverty reduction effect for land accessed through the market was significantly larger than the poverty reduction effect of land accessed through inheritance

Welfare Effects of Market Friendly Land Reforms in Uganda

This article estimates the poverty reducing impact of the recent land reforms and land transfers in the different land tenure systems of Uganda. Using balanced panel data for 309 households in 2001, 2003, and 2005, models that control for unobserved household heterogeneity and endogeneity of land acquisition and disposition are employed to measure the poverty-reduction effect of land on household expenditure per adult equivalent. Significant poverty reduction effects of increased land access in form of owned, operated and market-accessed land were found. The poverty reduction effect for land accessed through the market was significantly larger than the poverty reduction effect of land accessed through inheritance