Comparative analysis of agents for biological of pathogenic fungi isolated from medicinal plants

Primena lekovitog bilja i njihovih preparata u prevenciji i lečenju različitih poremećaja u ljudskom organizmu može biti ograničena njihovom mogućom kontaminacijom fitopatogenim gljivama i mikotoksinima. Saznanja o riziku pri primeni hemijskih fungicida po rukovaoca, potrošača i životnu sredinu, dovela su do povećanja interesa za uvođenje alternativnih mera u zaštiti bilja, gde posebno mesto pripada preparatima prirodnog porekla tzv. agensima biološke kontrole. Biološka kontrola podrazumeva primenu korisnih mikroorganizama (bakterija, kvasaca, gljiva) ili produkata njihovog metabolizma, kao i primenu biljnih ekstrakata i etarskih ulja u zaštiti biljaka. Ispitivanjem preko 40 vrsta lekovitog bilja najlošiji mikrobiološki kvalitet utvrđen je za sledeće droge: kukuruznu svilu, list i herbu nane, list koprive, herbu rastavića i cvet nane. Iako su na svim biljnim drogama utvrđene mešovite infekcije gljivama iz različitih rodova, većina izolovanih vrsta gljiva pripada rodu Fusarium, a potom Aspergillus i Alternaria. Osim pomenutih, identifikovani su i predstavnici rodova: Penicillium, Phoma, Cephalosporium, Nigrospora, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Gliocladium, Myrothecium, Cercospora, Phomopsis, Verticillum, Dreschlera (=Bipolaris), Rhizoctonia, Septoria, Trichoderma, Curvularia, Stahybotrys, Trichotecium, Puccinia, Botrytis, Mucor i Rhizopus sp., u zavisnosti od biljne droge. U cilju pronalaženja efikasnog biokontrolog agensa ispitivali smo mogućnost primene etarskih ulja i izolata Bacillus sp. u kontroli odabranih identifikovanih gljiva. U tom smislu, odabrali smo sledeće vrste gljiva: Fusarium solani, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum (izolovani sa kukuruzne svile i nevena), F. tricinctum, F. semitectum, F. sporotrichioides, F. subglutinans, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium sp., Chaetomium sp., Curvularia lunata, Trichoderma viride, Trichotecium roseum, Gliocladium roseum, Myrotechium verrucaria, Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp. i Verticillium dahliae...The application of medicinal plants and their preparations for the prevention and treatment of various disorders in humans may be limited by the possible contamination with phytopathogenic fungi and mycotoxins. Risk of using chemical fungicides for the operator, the consumer and the environment, have led to increasing interest in the introduction of alternative measures in plant protection. Lately, preparations of natural origin, so-called biological control agents are in the focus of investigation. Biological control involves the use of beneficial microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, fungi) or the products of their metabolism, as well as the application of plant extracts and essential oils in plant protection. Examining over 40 stored dried medicinal plant species the lowest microbial quality were determined for next herbal drugs: Maydis stigmata (corn silk), Mentha leaf and herb (mint herb and leaf), Urtica leaf (nettle leaf), Equisetum herb (horsetail herb) and Calendula flower (marigold flower). Although mixed infections was recorded with different types of fungus the Fusarium was noted as the most dominant genera for most tested drugs, followed by Aspergillus and Alternaria. Twelve species of the genus Fusarium was identified. In addition, species from the following genera were identified: Phoma, Cephalosporium, Nigrospora, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Gliocladium, Myrothecium, Cercospora, Phomopsis, Verticillum, Dreschlera (=Bipolaris), Rhizoctonia, Septoria, Trichoderma, Curvularia, Stahybotrys, Trichotecium, Puccinia, Botrytis, Mucor and Rhizopus sp. depending on plant species. In order to find an effective biological control agent, we investigated the possibility of applying the essential oils and isolates of Bacillus sp. in the control of selected identified fungi. In this regard, we chose the following fungal species: Fusarium solani, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum (isolated from corn silk and marigold flower), F. tricinctum, F. semitectum, F. sporotrichioides, F. subglutinans, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium sp., Chaetomium sp., Curvularia lunata, Trichoderma viride, Trichotecium roseum, Gliocladium roseum, Myrotechium verrucaria, Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp. and Verticillium dahliae..

Developmental Potential of Mouse Embryos without Extraembryonic Membranes in Modified Organ Culture

The long term stationary culture of postimplanatation embryos without extraembryonic membranes is a method to assess their developmental potential in vitro. The method was almost exclusively used on rat embryos, while mouse embryos were considered unsuitable due to their poor differentiation. In present study the postimplantation mouse embryos were used to verify potential of this method in mice. In addition, the course of in vitro differentiation was compared to embryo development in situ. Embryos were cultivated for maximum of 14 days and morphology and differentiation was analysed on serial semithin sections. Although anatomical relationships were lost from the beginning of the cultivation, the differentiation was only delayed, and the developmental potential after long term culture was comparable to those observed in rats. Therefore the advantages of long term cultivation could be utilized to analyse the differentiation of numerous lines of genetically modified mice with impaired postimplantation development

Examining erosion resistance of ceramics for electrical engineering applications

In this research, two non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, thermal vision analysis and image analysis, were implemented for monitoring the surface changes- erosion of mullite based ceramic samples in conditions of cavitation exposure. Thermal imaging analysis was focused on determining temperature line profile at the end of the cavitation experiment. Image analysis is a powerful tool for quantification of degradation level caused by different impacts and conditions. Based on the results of image analysis, the degradation level during the testing was determined, as well as number of formed pits with their characteristics (average diameter and area). The results performed by both methods were discussed in order to obtain optimal procedure that should be followed for estimating degradation caused by cavitation erosion

Surface analysis of composite material exposed to extreme conditions

The purpose of this study was quantitative analysis of material surface degradation by program for image analysis. Composite material, alumina based low cement concrete, was synthesized, cured, and then sintered at 1600 °C with the dwell time of 3 h. Prepared samples were subjected to the influence of following extreme conditions: thermal shock, cavitation, and low level laser (LLL) beam. Surface degradation was monitored during the exposure to the above tests. The results show that surface of the samples exhibited minimal level of destruction during all the tests

Implementation of image analysis on surface degradation determination caused by cavitation erosion

The purpose of this study was to investigate different types of measurements by image analysis technique using Image Pro Plus program for determination of surface degradation during cavitation erosion testing. As a refractory concrete, low cement castable was syntesized, cured and then sintered at 1600 °C. Mass loss and surface degradation of investigated samples were monitored during three hours of exposure to the cavitation erosion testing. Two different approaches using image analysis for surface degradation determination were applied: manual and automatic. The results obtained by those different approaches were similar. Cavitation damage test is usually used for metallic materials. Due to the fact that development and design of modern materials moves in direction of replacement metallic components with composite and ceramic materials, the idea of this study was to investigate possible application of refractory concrete in the extreme conditions of exposure to the cavitation. Usual method for monitoring the material degradation during the cavitation is measuring the mass loss. Novelty of this study is implementation of image analysis for monitoring the level of surface degradation during the cavitation resistance testing. Both methods are non-destructive

Environmental influence on service life expectancy of ceramic structures

During the service life, materials are exposed to environmental influences. The aim of this research is to analyze behavior of sulfur concrete compared to Portland cement concrete in acid environment. It has been shown that sulfur concrete has satisfying mechanical strength and good resistance to aggressive environment compared to conventional Portland cement concrete. These results can be used for finding new possibilities for sulfur concrete applying

Implementation of image analysis on low level laser (LLL) destruction of low cement high alumina refractory concrete

Implementation of image analysis for monitoring the level of destruction during impact of low level laser (LLL) was goal of our investigation. The chosen material was low cement high alumina refractory concrete (LCC). Two series of samples were used in experiment: reference ones dried at 105 °C, and the others sintered at 1300 °C. Based on the applied methodology, degradation of the refractory concrete samples subjected to the low-level laser beam during time interval from 5 to 25 minutes was monitored by measuring destruction level: damaged area/pits, as well as pits depth. Comparison of the results using automatic and manual approach will be given. This experiment was done in order to establish weather this material can be used in conditions that require resistance to the laser action and subjected to machine that uses laser techniques

Gibberella zeae na semenu kantariona u Srbiji

Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum) was determined on seed of St. John's wort produced in localities Pančevo, Gorobilje and Kačarevo during 2008 and 2009. Morphological characteristics of monosporial isolates were described. All tested isolates formed in vitro perithecia, and were classified as F. graminearum (syn. F. graminearum Group 2). Pathogenicity was confirmed by the artificial inoculation of St. John's wort seed.Ispitivanjem zdravstvenog stanja semena kantariona iz kolekcije Instituta za proučavanje lekovitog bilja 'Dr Josif Pančić' proizvedenog tokom 2008. i 2009. godine u lokalitetima Pančevo, Gorobilje i Kačarevo, prvi put je u Srbiji utvrđeno prisustvo vrste Gibberella zeae (anamorf Fusarium graminearum). Ova vrsta je identifikovana na osnovu makroskopskih i mikroskopskih osobina dobijenih monospornih izolata. Svi ispitivani izolati su u in vitro uslovima formirali peritecije, te su na osnovu ovog i drugih osobina identifikovani kao F. graminearum (syn. F. graminearum Grupa 2). Patogenost je potvrđena pojavom nekroze klijanaca nakon inokulacije semena kanatariona

Supplementary data for the article: Krstić, G.; Anđelković, B.; Choi, Y. H.; Vajs, V.; Stević, T.; Tešević, V.; Gođevac, D. Metabolic Changes in Euphorbia Palusrtis Latex after Fungal Infection. Phytochemistry 2016, 131, 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.08.005

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.08.005]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2335

CYTOKINE PROFILE IN RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS IN A LONG-TERM PERIOD AFTER SURGERY

In the long-term period after kidney transplantation, a certain level of tissue inflammation and therefore the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-2 can be found. The aim of our study was to determine the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-2 and its soluble receptor (IL-2R) in renal transplant patients, regarding the length of the postoperative period. The study involved 65 patients, transplanted at least 12 months prior to our investigation, divided into three groups, regarding the time passed since the transplantation (12-24, 24-48, and >48 months consecutively). Concentrations of the cytokines in the plasma of the subjects were measured using ELISA method. Group I showed significantly higher concentrations of IL-1b compared to the III (p<0.05), IL-18 compared to the II and III (p<0.05) and TNF-a compared to the II (p<0.05). Cytokine concentrations correlated with the time passed since the transplantation (p<0.05), except for TNF-a. Interleukin-2 correlated negatively with IL-18 and immunosuppressant dosage (p<0.05). Interleukin-1b, IL-18 and TNF-α measurements should be considered for monitoring and detecting potentially subclinical allograft damage in the second year after surgery. However, the dynamics of the change of cytokine concentration may also have been altered by the components of the immunosuppressive protocols used, such as tacrolimus, which is a link that is yet to be examined