Estratégias de promoção à saúde mental no trabalho de enfermagem hospitalar: revisão integrativa

Objective: identify strategies for promoting the mental health of hospital nursing workers available in the literature. Method: integrative review developed through access to online information sources. Studies available entirely between 2012 and 2022 in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included. Double-blind selection was carried out, as well as descriptive presentation of results and interpretation in light of the theoretical-conceptual framework. Results: eleven articles point to individual strategies focused on skills training, teleassistance and resilience-building programs that reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, burnout and turnover, and increased job satisfaction, healthy lifestyles, well-being and general health. Conclusion: strategies for promoting mental health at work maintain their focus on the individual, and do not involve organizational and collective aspects of work, denoting insufficiency by not concentrating on the central causes of the problem. Interventions should be aimed at closing this gap to promote healthier work environmentsObjetivo: identificar estrategias de promoción de la salud mental para trabajadores de enfermería hospitalaria disponibles en la literatura. Método: revisión integrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos Lilacs, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library y Medline. Se incluyeron en la muestra estudios primarios publicados en portugués, inglés o español, disponibles en su totalidad en los últimos diez años (2012 - 2022). La selección se realizó de manera doble ciego, y los resultados se presentan de forma descriptiva e interpretados a la luz del marco teórico-conceptual adoptado. Resultados: once artículos señalan estrategias individuales centradas en la formación de habilidades, la teleasistencia y los programas de desarrollo de la resiliencia, que redujeron los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés, agotamiento y rotación, y aumentaron la satisfacción laboral, los estilos de vida saludables, el bienestar y la salud general. Conclusión: las estrategias de promoción de la salud mental en el trabajo mantienen su enfoque en lo individual, y no involucran aspectos organizativos y colectivos del trabajo, denotando insuficiencia al no concentrarse en las causas centrales del problema. Las intervenciones deberían estar encaminadas a cerrar esta brecha para promover entornos de trabajo más saludables.Objetivo: identificar estratégias de promoção à saúde mental dos trabalhadores de enfermagem hospitalar disponíveis na literatura. Método: revisão integrativa desenvolvida por meio de acesso a fontes de informação online. Foram incluídos estudos disponíveis na íntegra entre 2012 e 2022 em português, inglês ou espanhol. Realizada seleção em duplo-cego, apresentação descritiva dos resultados e interpretação à luz do referencial teórico-conceitual. Resultados: onze artigos apontam estratégias individuais focadas no treinamento de habilidades, teleassistência e programas de fortalecimento da resiliência que reduziram sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse, burnout, rotatividade e elevaram satisfação no trabalho, estilos de vida saudáveis, bem-estar e saúde geral. Conclusão: as estratégias para promoção da saúde mental no trabalho mantêm o seu enfoque no indivíduo, e não envolvem aspectos organizacionais e coletivos do trabalho, denotando insuficiência ao não enfocar causas centrais do problema. As intervenções devem ser direcionadas a sanar tal lacuna para promover ambientes de trabalho mais saudáveis

Goniometer Crosstalk Compensation for Knee Joint Applications

Electrogoniometers are prone to crosstalk errors related to endblocks rotation (general crosstalk) and to the characteristics of each sensor (individual crosstalk). The aim of this study was to assess the crosstalk errors due to endblock misalignments and to propose a procedure to compensate for these errors in knee applications. A precision jig was used to simulate pure ±100° flexion/extension movements. A goniometer was mounted with various degrees of valgus/varus (±20°) and rotation (±30°) misalignments. For valgus/varus misalignments, although offset compensation eliminated the error in the valgus/varus recordings for 0° of flexion/extension and reduced it to a few degrees for small (±30°) flexion/extension angles (root mean square error = 1.1°), the individual crosstalk caused pronounced errors for large (±100°) angles (18.8°). Subsequent compensation for this crosstalk reduced these errors to 0.8° and 4.5°, respectively. For rotational misalignment, compensation for the general crosstalk by means of coordinate system rotation, in combination with compensation for the individual crosstalk, reduced the errors for small (±30°) and large (±100°) flexion/extension angles from 3.6° to 0.5° and from 15.5° to 2.4°, respectively. Crosstalk errors were efficiently compensated by the procedures applied, which might be useful in preprocessing of knee functional data, thereby substantially improving goniometer accuracy

Desenvolvimento de um site responsivo para promover mudanças comportamentais em usuários de computador

El creciente uso de la tecnología llevó a los trabajadoresa utilizar las computadoras por largos períodos dentro y fueradel trabajo. El uso prolongado de computadoras está asociadoal sedentarismo y resulta ser un factor de riesgo para diversosproblemas de salud. Sin embargo, este comportamiento puedemodificarse con las tecnologías, como en una página web adaptableinteractiva cuyo objetivo es estimular cambios conductuales en losusuarios de computadoras. A partir de una búsqueda bibliográfica,se identificaron los factores de riesgo modificables asociados aproblemas de salud en esta población. Después se crearon mensajespara difundir los conocimientos y estimular cambios conductualesen los usuarios. Los mensajes contenían recomendaciones sobredescansos, ajustes en el lugar de trabajo, ejercicios físicos, hidratación,entre otros temas. Además, la información podría ser personalizada,siempre que el usuario incluyera datos personales y hábitos de vidaactuales. Toda la información se aplicó a una página web adaptableinteractiva desarrollada en lenguaje JavaScript y motor Node.js.Se creó la página web adaptable con las características propuestasincluidas, y se la puso a disposición en línea. Estudios futuros puedenprobar la efectividad de la página web en el estímulo de cambiosconductuales en los usuarios de computadoras, mejorando su saludy calidad de vida.The growth in the use of technology for long periods, both inside and outside of work, is associated with a sedentary lifestyle, being a risk factor for several health problems and the change in this behavior can be promoted through technologies. Develop an interactive responsive website to promote behavioral changes in computer users. From a literature review, modifiable risk factors associated with health problems in computer users were identified. Messages were created to increase knowledge and promote behavioral changes in users. These messages include recommendations regarding breaks, adjustments in the workplace, physical exercise, hydration, among others. The messages were personalized, and the user includes personal information and current lifestyle habits. All this information was implemented in an interactive responsive website developed in JavaScript language and Node.js engine. The responsive website was developed, including the proposed features and is available online. In future studies, its effectiveness of the responsive website to promote behavioral changes among computer users, improving their health and quality of life, could be tested.O crescimento do uso da tecnologia faz com que os trabalhadores passem a usar o computador por longos períodos, dentro e fora do trabalho. O uso prolongado de computadores está associado a um estilo de vida sedentário, sendo um fator de risco para diversos problemas de saúde e a mudança deste comportamento pode ser promovida por meio de tecnologias. Desenvolver um site responsivo interativo visando promover mudanças comportamentais em usuários de computador. A partir de um levantamento bibliográfico foram identificados os fatores de risco modificáveis associados aos problemas de saúde em usuários de computador. A seguir foram criadas mensagens visando aumentar o conhecimento e promover mudanças comportamentais nos usuários. Estas mensagens incluem recomendações a respeito de pausas, ajustes no posto de trabalho, exercícios físicos, hidratação, dentre outras. As mensagens foram personalizadas, sendo que para isso o usuário inclui informações pessoais e hábitos de vida atuais. Todas estas informações foram implementadas em um site responsivo interativo desenvolvido em linguagem JavaScript e seu motor Node.js. O site responsivo foi desenvolvido, incluindo as funcionalidades propostas e está disponível online. Em estudos futuros, a efetividade do site para promover mudanças comportamentais nos usuários de computador, melhorando sua saúde e qualidade de vida, poderá ser testada

Relação entre o relato clínico e o exame físico na avaliação de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se há relação entre o relato de indivíduos sobre sintomas musculoesqueléticos e os sinais clínicos de lesões por esforço repetitivo (LER) ou distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT) encontrados no exame físico de trabalhadoras industriais. Avaliaram-se 132 mulheres atuantes em linha de produção industrial, que responderam um questionário sobre sintomas nos membros superiores e região cervical, não sendo incluídas as que tivessem diagnóstico prévio de doenças reumáticas. O exame físico compreendeu teste de amplitude de movimento, palpação manual e testes específicos. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, aplicando-se a correlação de Spearman entre o auto-relato e o exame físico. Foi constatada correlação (r=0,61; p<0,05) entre o auto-relato e os sinais identificados no exame clínico para todas as regiões corporais avaliadas. Conclui-se que há relação clara entre o relato de sintomas das trabalhadoras e a presença de sinais identificados no exame clínico. Ressalta-se a importância da complementaridade de ambos os métodos na avaliação das LER/DORT, uma vez que o exame clínico é necessário para se estabelecer o diagnóstico e o auto-relato é importante para captar o impacto da lesão.This study aimed at verifying the relationship between self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms and clinical findings of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD). One hundred and thirty-two femaleworkers from an industrial company took part in the study, being excludedthose with previous diagnostics of rheumatic diseases. They answered aquestionnaire on symptoms in upper limbs and the cervical region. Physical examination included range of motion tests, manual palpation, and specific tests. Data were analysed descriptively; Spearman's test was applied to assess correlation between self reported symptoms and clinical findings. A positive correlation was found between these for all assessed body regions (r=0.61; p<0.05). This study shows thus a clear relationship between selfreported symptoms and clinical examination findings, pointing to the importance of using both methods in WRMD evaluation. Physicalexamination is necessary to establish clinical diagnosis and self-reportsallow identifying the impact of WRMD on patients life

Associação entre comportamentos ofensivos e risco de burnout e de depressão em trabalhadores de saúde

Objective: to evaluate the occurrence of offensive behaviors at work, their characteristics and association with sex, stress, burnout and depression in health workers. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study carried out with 125 workers from the Brazilian Unified Health System. The data were collected from June 2021 to April 2022 through three self-applied questionnaires that assess personal and occupational characteristics; offensive behaviors, stress and burnout; and depressive symptoms. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square association test and logistic regression analysis were applied. Results: 44% of the sample reported 83 behaviors, with threats of violence as the most frequent ones (26%). Nursing technicians/assistants, nurses and physicians were the most exposed professionals. The main aggressors were the patients, except for bullying, which was perpetrated by co-workers (48%). There was an association between offensive behaviors and burnout (OR: 4.73; 95% CI: 1.29-17.3; p=0.02) and between offensive behaviors and depression symptoms (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.10; p=0.02). Conclusion: the occurrence of offensive behaviors in health work is frequent and characteristic and burnout and depressive symptoms respectively increased 4.73 and 1.05 times the chances of workers suffering these offensive behaviors in the work environment.Objetivo: evaluar la incidencia de conductas ofensivas en el trabajo, las características y la asociación con el sexo, el estrés, el burnout y la depresión en trabajadores de la salud.  Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo, cuantitativo, realizado con 125 trabajadores del Sistema Único de Salud brasileño. Los datos fueron recolectados entre junio de 2021 y abril de 2022, por medio de tres cuestionarios autoadministrados que evalúan características personales y ocupacionales; comportamientos ofensivos, estrés y burnout y síntomas de depresión. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, prueba de asociación chi-cuadrado y análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: el 44% de la muestra declararon 83 conductas y las amenazas de violencia fueron las más frecuentes (26%). Técnicos/auxiliares de enfermería, enfermeros y médicos fueron los profesionales más expuestos. El principal agresor fue el paciente; excepto en el caso del bullying, que fue perpetrado por los compañeros de trabajo (48%). Hubo asociación entre conductas ofensivas y burnout (OR: 4,73; IC 95%: 1,29-17,3; p=0,02) y entre conductas ofensivas y síntomas de depresión (OR: 1,05; IC 95%: 1,01-1,10; p=0,02). Conclusión: la práctica de conductas ofensivas en el trabajo en salud es frecuente y característica; el burnout y los síntomas de depresión aumentaron, respectivamente, 4,73 y 1,05 veces las posibilidades de que el trabajador sufriera esas conductas ofensivas en el ambiente de trabajo.Objetivo: avaliar a ocorrência de comportamentos ofensivos no trabalho, suas características e associação com o sexo, estresse, burnout e depressão em trabalhadores de saúde. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, realizado com 125 trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados no período de junho de 2021 a abril de 2022, por meio de três questionários autoaplicáveis que avaliam as características pessoais e ocupacionais; comportamentos ofensivos, estresse e burnout e sintomas depressivos. Estatística descritiva, teste de associação Qui-Quadrado e análise de regressão logística foram aplicados. Resultados: 44% da amostra referiram 83 comportamentos, sendo as ameaças de violência mais frequentes (26%). Técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem, enfermeiros e médicos foram os profissionais mais expostos. O principal agressor foi o paciente, exceto quanto ao bullying, perpetrado por colegas de trabalho (48%). Houve associação entre comportamentos ofensivos e burnout (OR: 4,73; IC 95%: 1,29-17,3; p=0,02) e entre comportamentos ofensivos e sintomas de depressão (OR: 1,05; IC 95%: 1,01-1,10; p=0,02). Conclusão: a ocorrência de comportamentos ofensivos no trabalho em saúde é frequente e característica; o burnout e os sintomas depressivos aumentaram, respectivamente, 4,73 e 1,05 vezes as chances de o trabalhador sofrer estes comportamentos ofensivos no ambiente de trabalho

Dysfunctional purinergic signaling correlates with disease severity in COVID-19 patients

Ectonucleotidases modulate inflammatory responses by balancing extracellular ATP and adenosine (ADO) and might be involved in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. Here, we explored the contribution of extracellular nucleotide metabolism to COVID-19 severity in mild and severe cases of the disease. We verified that the gene expression of ectonucleotidases is reduced in the whole blood of patients with COVID-19 and is negatively correlated to levels of CRP, an inflammatory marker of disease severity. In line with these findings, COVID-19 patients present higher ATP levels in plasma and reduced levels of ADO when compared to healthy controls. Cell type-specific analysis revealed higher frequencies of CD39+ T cells in severely ill patients, while CD4+ and CD8+ expressing CD73 are reduced in this same group. The frequency of B cells CD39+CD73+ is also decreased during acute COVID-19. Interestingly, B cells from COVID-19 patients showed a reduced capacity to hydrolyze ATP into ADP and ADO. Furthermore, impaired expression of ADO receptors and a compromised activation of its signaling pathway is observed in COVID-19 patients. The presence of ADO in vitro, however, suppressed inflammatory responses triggered in patients’ cells. In summary, our findings support the idea that alterations in the metabolism of extracellular purines contribute to immune dysregulation during COVID-19, possibly favoring disease severity, and suggest that ADO may be a therapeutic approach for the disease

Análise do processo de adaptação e padronização da bateria neuropsicológica Luria-Christensen para a população brasileira

In this study, an analysis is made of the process of adapting and standardising the Luria-Christense neuropsychological set of tests for use by Brazilian children, teenagers and adults. The process is characterised by research motivated by the need to develop diagnostic assessment instruments standardised to Brazilian social and cultural reality. The set of tests is comprised of ten sets of tests, each one of which assesses part of the dynamic functioning of the brain, thus providing a qualitative mapping of the brain areas and their interlinking, by means of testing perceptual, cognitive and movement abilities. The task of adaptation and standardization is divided into 4 phases. Phase 1 is dedicated to the process of the translation of, changes to and adaptation of signs, pictures and other stimuli, as well as the elaboration of instructions regarding their application and answer form, and also the layout and desktop printing thereof. In Phase 2, the test is taken to the field for the first time, and applied to control and experimental groups, passing, after analysis and alterations, to Phase 3. In Phase 3 the test is taken to the field for the second time, once more undergoing analysis and final alterations. In this way, only those tests that, after qualitative analysis and statistical treatment, still require further revision and use in the field, are subject to Phase 4. The results obtained indicate when the pilot phase of the study can be finished, as follows: no tests in Phase 1 (pre-adaptation), 03 tests in Phase 2, 07 tests in Phase 3 and no tests in Phase 4. Once this research has been fully implemented it will be possible to obtain a more accurate assessment that is more appropriate to Brazilian reality. Keywords: Neuropsychological Assessment; Test Adaptation and Standardisation; Brain Function Mapping. Neste trabalho realiza-se uma análise do processo de adaptação e padronização da Bateria neuropsicológica Luria Christensen para crianças, adolescentes e adultos brasileiros. Caracteriza-se por uma pesquisa motivada pela necessidade do desenvolvimento de instrumentos de avaliação diagnóstica padronizados à realidade sociocultural brasileira. A Bateria é composta por dez conjuntos de testes, e cada um deles avalia uma parte da dinâmica funcional cerebral, promovendo o mapeamento qualitativo das áreas cerebrais e suas interligações, através de um exame das habilidades perceptuais, cognitivas e motoras. O trabalho de adaptação e padronização está dividido em 4 fases. A Fase 1 é dedicada ao processo tradução, mudanças e adequações das consignas, imagens e demais estímulos, elaboração de instruções de aplicação e folha de resposta, diagramação e editoração gráfica. Na Fase 2, o teste vai a campo pela primeira vez, para o grupo controle e experimental, onde após análise e devidas alterações passa para Fase 3. Nesta fase volta a campo pela segunda vez, passa novamente por análise e alterações finais; vão para a Fase 4 apenas os testes que, através da análise qualitativa e tratamento estatístico, necessitarem de nova revisão e retorno a campo. Os resultados obtidos já revelam o término da fase-piloto do trabalho, são eles: nenhum teste na Fase 1 (pré-adaptação), 03 testes na Fase 2, 07 testes na Fase 3 e 00 teste na Fase 4. A efetivação desta pesquisa vai permitir uma avaliação mais fidedigna e adequada à realidade brasileira.Palavras-chave: 1) Avaliação Neuropsicológica; 2) Adaptação e Padronização de Testes; 3) Mapeamento das Funções Cerebrais. 

Curated genome annotation of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and comparative genome analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana

We present here the annotation of the complete genome of rice Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cultivar Nipponbare. All functional annotations for proteins and non-protein-coding RNA (npRNA) candidates were manually curated. Functions were identified or inferred in 19,969 (70%) of the proteins, and 131 possible npRNAs (including 58 antisense transcripts) were found. Almost 5000 annotated protein-coding genes were found to be disrupted in insertional mutant lines, which will accelerate future experimental validation of the annotations. The rice loci were determined by using cDNA sequences obtained from rice and other representative cereals. Our conservative estimate based on these loci and an extrapolation suggested that the gene number of rice is ~32,000, which is smaller than previous estimates. We conducted comparative analyses between rice and Arabidopsis thaliana and found that both genomes possessed several lineage-specific genes, which might account for the observed differences between these species, while they had similar sets of predicted functional domains among the protein sequences. A system to control translational efficiency seems to be conserved across large evolutionary distances. Moreover, the evolutionary process of protein-coding genes was examined. Our results suggest that natural selection may have played a role for duplicated genes in both species, so that duplication was suppressed or favored in a manner that depended on the function of a gene

Perspectives, practices, and challenges of online teaching during COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational survey

The result of the movement restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic was an impromptu and abrupt switch from in-person to online teaching. Most focus has been on the perception and experience of students during the process. The aim of this international survey is to assess staffs' perspectives and challenges of online teaching during the COVID-19 lockdown. Cross-sectional research using a validated online survey was carried out in seven countries (Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Indonesia, India, the United Kingdom, and Egypt) between the months of December 2021 and August 2022, to explore the status of online teaching among faculty members during the COVID-19 pandemic. Variables and response are presented as percentages while logistic regression was used to assess the factors that predict levels of satisfaction and the challenges associated with online instruction. A total of 721 response were received from mainly male (53%) staffs. Most respondents are from Brazil (59%), hold a Doctorate degree (70%) and have over 10 years of working experience (62%). Although, 67% and 79% have relevant tools and received training for online teaching respectively, 44% report that online teaching required more preparation time than face-to-face. Although 41% of respondents were uncertain about the outcome of online teaching, 49% were satisfied with the process. Also, poor internet bandwidth (51%), inability to track students' engagement (18%) and Lack of technical skills (11.5%) were the three main observed limitations. Having little or no prior experience of online teaching before the COVID-19 pandemic [OR, 1.58 (95% CI, 1.35–1.85)], and not supporting the move to online teaching mode [OR, 0.56 (95% CI,0.48–0.64)] were two main factors independently linked with dissatisfaction with online teaching. While staffs who support the move to online teaching were twice likely to report no barriers [OR, 2.15 (95% CI, 1.61–2.86)]. Although, relevant tools and training were provided to support the move to online teaching during COVID-19 lockdown, barriers such as poor internet bandwidth, inability to track students’ engagement and lack of technical skills were main limitations observed internationally by teaching staffs. Addressing these barriers should be the focus of higher education institution in preparation for future disruptions to traditional teaching modes