ALIFE: Caracterización Térmica De La Fermentación Del Café

La fermentación del café es una de las operaciones críticas en el proceso de beneficiado por su impacto en la calidad organoléptica del producto final. De forma general la mayor parte de las explotaciones carecen de tecnificación alguna del fermentador, no teniendo el operario ninguna información objetiva sobre la evolución de los parámetros físico-químicos de control del proceso que le ayuden a la toma de decisión. El objetivo de este trabajo es la integración multi-distribuida de sensores de bajo coste y alta fiabilidad para supervisión de la operación de fermentación del café en origen. Concretamente se ha centrado en la caracterización térmica del proceso de fermentación, mediante la instalación multidistribuida de sensores inalámbricos de temperatura (TurboTag ®) en fermentadores de café en Colombia. El análisis: temporal de la evolución de la temperatura a lo largo del proceso de fermentación y complejo mediante diagrama de fases o de cinética de la evolución de las temperaturas, permiten en este trabajo caracterizar térmicamente fermentadores industriales y prototipos plásticos. Se ha constatado la alta heterogeneidad de las fermentaciones tanto intra-lote (amplitudes térmicas de hasta 8.5 ºC y temperaturas en algunos puntos de los fermentadores de 17 ºC) como inter-lote en fermentaciones sujetas a condiciones exógenas y endógenas muy variable

Schneiderian Membrane Thickness and Clinical Implications for Sinus Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Metaâ Regression Analyses

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141205/1/jper0888-sup-0001.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141205/2/jper0888.pd

Desarrollo de un exoesqueleto para la rehabilitación del movimiento flexo-extensor del codo

En este trabajo de investigación se presenta el desarrollo de un dispositivo electro-mecánico para la rehabilitación del movimiento flexor-extensor del codo con potencial rehabilitatorio. Para la elaboración de este prototipo se diseñó y construyó una articulación del codo el cual permite realizar movimientos de 0° a 120°. El diseño del sistema de engranaje se realizó utilizando el software Solid Edge a partir de una selección previa del motor de paso que ofreciera el torque suficiente para lograr la flexión y extensión del codo, seguidamente para la construcción de este sistema se utilizó una impresión 3D en PLA. Dicho sistema se acoplo a un sistema estabilizador de brazo con bisagra. El prototipo se opera desde un aplicativo software en Android utilizando el IDE MITapp inventor, que le envía la angulación deseada a un dispositivo arduino el cual implementa un sistema de control digital. Para mejorar la percepción de la terapia con el exoesqueleto se elaboró un aplicativo software de telerehabilitación utilizando el IDE processing y el dispositivo de reconocimiento corporal Kinect, el cual guía al paciente en una terapia interactiva donde realizan la rehabilitación del movimiento de flexión y extensión guiando un objeto virtual de un ángulo a otro.In this research work, the development of an electro-mechanical device for the rehabilitation of the flexor-extensor movement of the elbow with rehabilitative potential is presented. For the development of this prototype, an elbow joint was designed and built which allows movements from 0 ° to 120 °. The design of the gear system was carried out using Solid Edge software from a previous selection of the step motor that offered enough torque to achieve flexion and extension of the elbow, then for the construction of this system a 3D printing was used in PLA. This system was coupled to a hinged arm stabilizer system. The prototype is operated from a software application on Android using the IDE MITapp inventor, which sends the desired angulation to an Arduino device which implements a digital control system. To improve the perception of exoskeleton therapy, a telerehabilitation software application was developed using IDE processing and a Kinect body recognition device, which guides the patient in an interactive therapy where they perform the rehabilitation of flexion and extension movement by guiding a virtual object from one angle to another

Estratégias de vedação na ensilagem de milho e desempenho de ovinos em confinamento

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes estratégias de vedação sobre a estabilidade aeróbia e o valor alimentício da silagem de milho fornecida para cordeiros em terminação. Os tratamentos foram definidos de acordo com a estratégia de vedação do silo: LP (lona preta de polietileno), LP + Bagaço (lona preta de polietileno + bagaço de cana) e LP + Silostop (lona preta de polietileno + filme de barreira de oxigênio Silostop® Orange). Foram utilizados seis cordeiros por tratamento, totalizando 18 animais, em um período experimental de 63 dias. A silagem do tratamento LP apresentou maior estabilidade aeróbia, porém proporcionou menor coeficiente de digestibilidade da matéria seca. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para o consumo e desempenho dos cordeiros. Todavia, para o peso corporal final, ganho de peso, ganho médio diário, eficiência alimentar e consumo de matéria seca, os melhores resultados, em valor absoluto, foram encontrados para os cordeiros alimentados com dieta à base da silagem coberta com LP + Bagaço. A silagem vedada exclusivamente com a lona preta de polietileno apresentou maior estabilidade aeróbia. As diferentes estratégias de vedação utilizadas nesse experimento não influenciaram o desempenho de cordeiros Dorper x Santa Inês em terminação. Palavras-chave: carcaça; deterioração aeróbia; digestibilidade; ganho de pes

The role of maternal age & birth order on the development of unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma: a multicentre study

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Retinoblastoma is a common childhood intraocular malignancy, the bilateral form of which most commonly results from a de novo germline pathogenic variant in the RB1 gene. Both advanced maternal age and decreasing birth order are known to increase the risk of de novo germline pathogenic variants, while the influence of national wealth is understudied. This cohort study aimed to retrospectively observe whether these factors influence the ratio of bilateral retinoblastoma cases compared to unilateral retinoblastoma, thereby inferring an influence on the development of de novo germline pathogenic variants in RB1. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from 688 patients from 11 centres in 10 countries were analysed using a series of statistical methods. RESULTS: No associations were found between advanced maternal age, birth order or GDP per capita and the ratio of bilateral to unilateral retinoblastoma cases (p values = 0.534, 0.201, 0.067, respectively), indicating that these factors do not contribute to the development of a de novo pathogenic variant. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a lack of a definitive control group and genetic testing, this study demonstrates that advanced maternal age, birth order or GDP per capita do not influence the risk of developing a bilateral retinoblastoma

Differences in Childhood Growth Parameters Between Patients With Somatic and Heritable Retinoblastoma.

PURPOSE: Little is known regarding differences in childhood growth between somatic and heritable retinoblastoma (Rb) populations. We aimed to compare childhood growth parameters between somatic and heritable Rb cohorts at birth and at time of diagnosis with Rb. METHODS: A multinational, longitudinal cohort study was conducted with patients from 11 centers in 10 countries who presented with treatment naïve Rb from January to December 2019. Variables of interest included age, sex, and size characteristics at birth and at time of presentation, as well as germline mutation status. After Bonferroni correction, results were statistically significant if the P value was less than 0.005. RESULTS: We enrolled 696 patients, with 253 analyzed after exclusion criteria applied. Between somatic (n = 39) and heritable (n = 214) Rb cohorts, with males and females analyzed separately, there was no significant difference in birth weight percentile, weight percentile at time of diagnosis, length percentile at time of diagnosis, weight-for-length percentile at time of diagnosis, or change of weight percentile from birth to time of diagnosis. Patients with heritable Rb had a smaller mean weight percentile at birth and smaller mean weight and length percentiles at time of diagnosis with Rb, although this difference was not statistically significant. All cohorts experienced a slight negative change of weight percentile from birth to time of diagnosis. No cohort mean percentiles met criteria for failure to thrive, defined as less than the 5th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: Children with Rb seem to have normal birth and childhood growth patterns. There is no definitive evidence that somatic or heritable Rb has a biological or environmental impact on childhood growth parameters

Lag Time between Onset of First Symptom and Treatment of Retinoblastoma: An International Collaborative Study of 692 Patients from 10 Countries.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between lag time and outcomes in retinoblastoma (RB) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of retinoblastoma (RB) in countries based on their national-income and analyse its effect on the outcomes. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 692 patients from 11 RB centres in 10 countries from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. RESULTS: The following factors were significantly different among different countries based on national-income level: age at diagnosis of RB (p = 0.001), distance from home to nearest primary healthcare centre (p = 0.03) and mean lag time between detection of first symptom to visit to RB treatment centre (p = 0.0007). After adjusting for country income, increased lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of RB was associated with higher chances of an advanced tumour at presentation (p < 0.001), higher chances of high-risk histopathology features (p = 0.003), regional lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), systemic metastasis (p < 0.001) and death (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference in the lag time between onset of signs and symptoms and referral to an RB treatment centre among countries based on national income resulting in significant differences in the presenting features and clinical outcomes

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality