Uma revisão crítica de três perspectivas sobre o desenvolvimento da escrita

Aprender a ler e a escrever está entre os maiores desafios de uma criança. Um componente importante da alfabetização é a escrita. Apesar do aumento de interesse pela escrita nos últimos anos, seu estudo ainda não atrai tanta atenção quanto o da leitura. Este artigo revisa três perspectivas no estudo do desenvolvimento da escrita: fonológica, cons-trutivista e da aprendizagem estatística. Atenção especial é dada aos estudos que examinam o desenvolvimento da escrita de forma translinguística, já que são cruciais para diferenciar as propriedades do desenvolvimento da escrita que são universais, daquelas que são específicas ao sistema de escrita da criança. As tradicionais perspectivas fonológicas e construtivistas são revisadas e criticamente avaliadas sob a perspectiva da aprendizagem estatística, mediante a revisão de seus conceitos fundamentais, com base estudos recentes que corroboram algumas de suas premissas

Statistical learning and spelling: Evidence from Brazilian prephonological spellers

These are data files and analysis scripts for a project in which we analyzed the spelling attempts of Brazilian children (age 3 years, 3 months to 6 years, 0 months) who were prephonological spellers, in that they wrote using letters that did not reflect the phonemes in the words they were asked to spell. We tested the hypothesis that children use their statistical-learning skills to learn about the appearance of writing and that older prephonological spellers, who have had on average more exposure to writing, produce more wordlike spellings than younger prephonological spellers. We found that older prephonological spellers produced longer spellings and were more likely to use letters and digrams in proportion to their frequency of occurrence in Portuguese. There were also some age-related differences in children’s tendency to use letters from their own names when writing other words

Cross-cultural adaptation to Brazil of Medication Adherence Rating Scale for psychiatric patients

Objective The purpose of this research was to make a cross-cultural adaptation of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) for psychiatric patients to the Brazilian context. Methods The procedure consisted of four phases: translation of the original scale, back-translation, review by an Expert Committee and Pre-test study with a patients’ sample. Results The Expert Committee corrected the items’ translation when necessary and modified the scale administration format and its instructions from self-report to face-to-face interview form in order to ensure easy understanding by the target population. During Pre-test, the instructions and most of the items were properly understood by patients, with the exception of three of them which had to be changed in order to ensure better understanding. The Pre-test sample was composed by 30 psychiatric patients, with severe and persistent disorders mainly single (46.7%), female (60.0%), with a mean age of 43.8 years old and an average of five years of education. Conclusion The Brazilian version of MARS scale is now adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese language and culture and is easily understood by the psychiatric target population. It is necessary to do further research to evaluate the scale psychometric qualities of validity and reliability in order to use it in Brazil