Las oportunidades laborales de las personas con discapacidad en Costa Rica según la Convención sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad

Trabajo final de graduación de 93 páginas en formato pdfEl presente documento consiste en un breve e inicial análisis de la factibilidad del efectivo ejercicio del derecho al trabajo y empleo para las personas con discapacidad según se estipula en el artículo 27 de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, instrumento de reciente aprobación a nivel internacional y que fue ratificado por Costa Rica mediante la ley N° 8661 el 19 de agosto del año 2008. Lo anterior tomando en consideración las características generales de la sociedad costarricense y la descripción que, de tal derecho, se establece en la mencionada Convención. Para ello se realiza una revisión inicial del concepto de discapacidad y de los principios de no discriminación e igualdad de trato y oportunidades. También se describe brevemente el proceso de inserción laboral que se pretende llevar a cabo en el caso de personas cuya discapacidad implica el despliegue de una red de apoyo sostenida en el tiempo y de gran intensidad, sin dejar de lado el análisis del derecho al trabajo enunciado en diversos instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos así como en la normativa costarricenseUniversidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Ric

Factores de riesgo de lesiones músculo-esqueléticas asociados a la práctica de piano en estudiantes del Instituto Superior de Artes y la Escuela Municipal de Música de Santo Domingo de Heredia, durante el período comprendido entre los meses de octubre del 2012 y marzo del 2013

Tesis (licenciatura en terapia física)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Tecnologías en Salu

Parque de la Libertad, Pavas, San José, Costa Rica

El parque Recreativo La Libertad de Pavas nace como un proyecto comunal universitario realizado para la Municipalidad de San José en el año 2013, ganador posteriormente del Primer Concurso “Espacios innovadores para la recreación y la convivencia comunitaria” del Ministerio de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos (MIVAH), en el año 2015. Actualmente, el proyecto se encuentra en la etapa de elaboración de planos constructivos y tramitología de permisos de construcción, con la expectativa de empezar la etapa constructiva en el 2018. La propuesta busca el rescate de una comunidad con importantes problemáticas sociales, como lo es La Libertad de Pavas, mediante el otorgamiento de un espacio del cuál se puedan apropiar. Lugar donde puedan practicar deporte y donde se fomente la recreación sana de sus habitantes. Como resultado, la propuesta cuenta con un programa de nuevas actividades como el bicicross, skateboarding, fútbol, zonas de descanso, áreas de recreación, espacios feriales y una serie de senderos, que dan una nueva dinámica al sitio. También, se realizó un estudio específico de vegetación para la zona, ya que esta juega un papel importante dentro de la conceptualización arquitectónica, así como el juego con la topografía que se quiere lograr. Este nuevo programa y actividades de la propuesta, invita a los habitantes de Pavas a apropiarse de este espacio y cuidarlo como suyo, mediante actividades para diferentes edades a lo largo del trayecto y darle una nueva imagen a su comunidad. The recreational park La Libertad, Pavas was born as a communal project carried out for the Municipality of San José in 2013, winner of the First Contest “Innovative space for recreation and community coexistence” of MIVAH year 2015. It is currently in the stage of elaboration of constructive plans and permissions. The proposal seeks to rescue a community with social problems, such as La Libertad de Pavas, through the granting of a space where they can practice sports and encourage the recreation of its inhabitants. As a result, the project has a study of vegetation specific to this area, as well as its topography, where new activities such as bicicross, Skateboarding, football, recreation areas, fairgrounds and a series of trails were adapted; which give a new dynamic to the site. The new program of the proposal invites the community of Pavas to appropriate the park, presenting activities for different ages along the way

Biogas Production and Microbial Communities of Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Animal Manures and Food Wastes in Costa Rica

Biomass generated from agricultural operations in Costa Rica represents an untapped renewable resource for bioenergy generation. This study investigated the effects of two temperatures and three mixture ratios of manures and food wastes on biogas production and microbial community structure. Increasing the amount of fruit and restaurant wastes in the feed mixture significantly enhanced the productivity of the systems (16% increase in the mesophilic systems and 41% in the thermophilic). The methane content of biogas was also favored at higher temperatures. Beta diversity analysis, based on high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, showed that microbial communities of the thermophilic digestions were more similar to each other than the mesophilic digestions. Species richness of the thermophilic digestions was significantly greater than the corresponding mesophilic digestions (F = 40.08, p = 0.003). The mesophilic digesters were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes while in thermophilic digesters, the phyla Firmicutes and Chloroflexi accounted for up to 90% of all sequences. Methanosarcina represented the key methanogen and was more abundant in thermophilic digestions. These results demonstrate that increasing digestion temperature and adding food wastes can alleviate the negative impact of low C:N ratios on anaerobic digestion

Biogas production and microbial communities of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of animal manures and food wastes in Costa Rica

Biomass generated from agricultural operations in Costa Rica represents an untapped renewable resource for bioenergy generation. This study investigated the effects of two temperatures and three mixture ratios of manures and food wastes on biogas production and microbial community structure. Increasing the amount of fruit and restaurant wastes in the feed mixture significantly enhanced the productivity of the systems (16% increase in the mesophilic systems and 41% in the thermophilic). The methane content of biogas was also favored at higher temperatures. Beta diversity analysis, based on high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, showed that microbial communities of the thermophilic digestions were more similar to each other than the mesophilic digestions. Species richness of the thermophilic digestions was significantly greater than the corresponding mesophilic digestions (F = 40.08, p = 0.003). The mesophilic digesters were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes while in thermophilic digesters, the phyla Firmicutes and Chloroflexi accounted for up to 90% of all sequences. Methanosarcina was the key methanogen and was more abundant in thermophilic digestions. These results demonstrate that increasing digestion temperature and adding food wastes can alleviate the negative impact of low C:N ratios on anaerobic digestion.Universidad de Costa Rica/[733-A1-821]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Michigan/[]/UMICH/Estados UnidosUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas (CIA)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ

Cuentos que construyen paz

Esta propuesta se enmarca en el Proyecto Comunidades Educativas que Construyen Paz, del Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos (IDELA), cuyo propósito es facilitar procesos pedagógicos para la paz con comunidades educativas, por medio de una metodología lúdica y participativa, con el fin de promover la construcción de una cultura de paz en los espacios de convivencia cotidianos.Este libro es el resultado de un proceso que se fue tejiendo durante el 2021, el Festival para la Paz, el cual se realiza como una forma de contribuir a la creación y difusión de espacios participativos, lúdicos y creativos para instar a la paz desde las comunidades educativas. Esto, a modo de ir constituyendo una red con ideas novedosas que dan forma a dichos cuentos, constructores de paz. La creación y elaboración de cuentos fue una apuesta con equipos interdisciplinarios, niñas y niños de las escuelas públicas de la Regional de Heredia del Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica: Escuela Finca Guararí, Escuela Miguel Aguilar Bonilla, Escuela Rubén Darío y Escuela Santiago.This book is the result of a process that was woven during 2021, the Festival for Peace, which is carried out as a way to contribute to the creation and dissemination of participatory, playful and creative spaces to encourage peace from the educational communities. This, as a way of building a network with innovative ideas that give shape to these stories, peace builders. The creation and elaboration of stories was a bet with interdisciplinary teams, girls and boys of the public schools of the Heredia Regional of the Ministry of Public Education of Costa Rica: Finca Guararí School, Miguel Aguilar Bonilla School, Rubén Darío School and Santiago School.Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericano

Search for Bc+→π+μ+μ−B_c^+\to\pi^+\mu^+\mu^- decays and measurement of the branching fraction ratio B(Bc+→ψ(2S)π+)/B(Bc+→J/ψπ+){\cal B}(B_c^+\to\psi(2S)\pi^+)/{\cal B}(B_c^+\to J/\psi \pi^+)

International audienceThe first search for nonresonant $B_c^+\to\pi^+\mu^+\mu^-$ decays is reported. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$. No evidence for an excess of signal events over background is observed and an upper limit is set on the branching fraction ratio ${\cal B}(B_c^+\to\pi^+\mu^+\mu^-)/{\cal B}(B_c^+\to J/\psi \pi^+) < 2.1\times 10^{-4}$ at $90\%$ confidence level. Additionally, an updated measurement of the ratio of the $B_c^+\to\psi(2S)\pi^+$ and $B_c^+\to J/\psi \pi^+$ branching fractions is reported. The ratio ${\cal B}(B_c^+\to\psi(2S)\pi^+)/{\cal B}(B_c^+\to J/\psi \pi^+)$ is measured to be $0.254\pm 0.018 \pm 0.003 \pm 0.005$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainties on the branching fractions of the leptonic $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ decays. This measurement is the most precise to date and is consistent with previous LHCb results

Helium identification with LHCb

International audienceThe identification of helium nuclei at LHCb is achieved using a method based on measurements of ionisation losses in the silicon sensors and timing measurements in the Outer Tracker drift tubes. The background from photon conversions is reduced using the RICH detectors and an isolation requirement. The method is developed using $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13\,{\rm TeV}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment in the years 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.5\,{\rm fb}^{-1}$. A total of around $10^5$ helium and antihelium candidates are identified with negligible background contamination. The helium identification efficiency is estimated to be approximately $50\%$ with a corresponding background rejection rate of up to $\mathcal O(10^{12})$. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a rich programme of measurements of QCD and astrophysics interest involving light nuclei

Enhanced production of Λb0\Lambda_{b}^{0} baryons in high-multiplicity pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceThe production rate of $\Lambda_{b}^{0}$ baryons relative to $B^{0}$ mesons in $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of $\Lambda_{b}^{0}$ to $B^{0}$ production cross-sections shows a significant dependence on both the transverse momentum and the measured charged-particle multiplicity. At low multiplicity, the ratio measured at LHCb is consistent with the value measured in $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions, and increases by a factor of $\sim2$ with increasing multiplicity. At relatively low transverse momentum, the ratio of $\Lambda_{b}^{0}$ to $B^{0}$ cross-sections is higher than what is measured in $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions, but converges with the $e^{+}e^{-}$ ratio as the momentum increases. These results imply that the evolution of heavy $b$ quarks into final-state hadrons is influenced by the density of the hadronic environment produced in the collision. Comparisons with a statistical hadronization model and implications for the mechanisms enforcing quark confinement are discussed

Charge-dependent curvature-bias corrections using a pseudomass method

International audienceMomentum measurements for very high momentum charged particles, such as muons from electroweak vector boson decays, are particularly susceptible to charge-dependent curvature biases that arise from misalignments of tracking detectors. Low momentum charged particles used in alignment procedures have limited sensitivity to coherent displacements of such detectors, and therefore are unable to fully constrain these misalignments to the precision necessary for studies of electroweak physics. Additional approaches are therefore required to understand and correct for these effects. In this paper the curvature biases present at the LHCb detector are studied using the pseudomass method in proton-proton collision data recorded at centre of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV during 2016, 2017 and 2018. The biases are determined using $Z\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decays in intervals defined by the data-taking period, magnet polarity and muon direction. Correcting for these biases, which are typically at the $10^{-4}$ GeV$^{-1}$ level, improves the $Z\to\mu^+\mu^-$ mass resolution by roughly 20% and eliminates several pathological trends in the kinematic-dependence of the mean dimuon invariant mass