Genetic population structure of Hemigrammocypris rasborella (Cyprinidae) inferred from mtDNA sequences

The genetic population structure of the small cyprinid Hemigrammocypris rasborella, distributed widely in lowlands of western Japan, was examined using partial sequence data of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that the populations of the western Kyushu region were markedly differentiated from all eastern populations, such that the groups would be comparable to different species; their divergence was inferred to have occurred in the Late Miocene–Pliocene. Also, a largely divergent mtDNA group (with divergence in the early Pleistocene) was found in the Sanyo and northeastern Shikoku regions, forming a secondary contact zone in the western Kinki with the eastern mtDNA group. To date, these aspects of the population structure of H. rasborella appear to be unique among lowland fishes in western Japan. Deeper understanding of the formation processes of freshwater faunas in western Japan will require further comparisons of the phylogeographic patterns and ecological traits of constituent species

Crioterapia moderada: uma alternativa no tratamento da lesão celular induzida pelo exercício

Objective: to analyze the effect of moderate immersion cryotherapy (15ºC) in muscular inflammatory responses, in biochemical and neuromotor variables, after a session of eccentric exercise. Methods: 18 healthy men (aged 18-25 years), non-practitioners of physical exercise who participated in the survey on a voluntary basis were recruited. Initially, they were randomized into three groups: Control group (CG), Exercise Group (EX) and Exercise + Cryotherapy Group (EX + CT). After randomization, volunteers took: a) biochemical test (creatine kinase-CK), b) neuromotor test (range of motion – ANGLE), c) test of pain scale – PAIN, and d) maximum isometric strength test. Then, the experimental groups performed a series of maximal eccentric actions (seated calf raise) for the anterior and posterior region of the leg. CK, ANGLE and PAIN were analyzed 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after the session. The subjects on EX + CT received cryotherapy treatment immediately after the session and 12, 24 and, 36 hours thereafter. Results: In comparison to resting the CK, PAIN and ANGLE values showed significant increase after the sessions in the experimental groups. The EX exhibited significantly higher values than those of EX + CT in all variables analyzed. Conclusion: Cryotherapy indicate to be a viable alternative in the treatment for myopathy and delayed onset muscle soreness.Objetivo: analisar o efeito da crioterapia moderada com imersão (15º celsius - C), nas respostas inflamatórias musculares, nas variáveis bioquímicas e neuromotoras após uma sessão de exercício de força excêntrico. Procedimentos Metodológicos: 18 homens (18-25 anos) saudáveis, não praticantes de exercício físico e que participaram voluntariamente da pesquisa foram recrutados. Inicialmente foram randomizados em três grupos: Grupo Controle (GC), Grupo Exercício (GE) e Grupo Exercício + Crioterapia (EX + CT). Após a aleatorização, os voluntários seguiram para realização de testes: a) bioquímico (Creatina Quinase - CK), b) neuromotor (amplitude de movimento - ÂNGULO), c) escala de dor - DOR e d) um teste de força isométrica máxima. Em seguida, os grupos experimentais realizaram séries de ações excêntricas máximas para região anterior e posterior da perna no exercício sentadinha. Após a sessão analisou-se CK, ÂNGULO e DOR, nos momentos 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas. Os sujeitos do EX + CT receberam tratamento crioterápico imediatamente após a sessão e nos momentos 12, 24, 36 e 48 horas subsequentes. Resultados: Em comparação com o repouso, os valores de CK, DOR e ÂNGULO apresentaram aumento significativo após as sessões nos grupos experimentais. O GE exibiu valores significativamente superior ao EX + CT em todas as variáveis analisadas. Conclusão: A crioterapia mostrou-se uma alternativa viável no tratamento da miopatia do exercício e da dor muscular tardia

Deep Neural Generative Model of Functional MRI Images for Psychiatric Disorder Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis of psychiatric disorders plays a critical role in improving the quality of life for patients and potentially supports the development of new treatments. Many studies have been conducted on machine learning techniques that seek brain imaging data for specific biomarkers of disorders. These studies have encountered the following dilemma: A direct classification overfits to a small number of high-dimensional samples but unsupervised feature-extraction has the risk of extracting a signal of no interest. In addition, such studies often provided only diagnoses for patients without presenting the reasons for these diagnoses. This study proposed a deep neural generative model of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The proposed model is conditioned by the assumption of the subject's state and estimates the posterior probability of the subject's state given the imaging data, using Bayes’ rule. This study applied the proposed model to diagnose schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Diagnostic accuracy was improved by a large margin over competitive approaches, namely classifications of functional connectivity, discriminative/generative models of regionwise signals, and those with unsupervised feature-extractors. The proposed model visualizes brain regions largely related to the disorders, thus motivating further biological investigation

O desenvolvimento da coordenação motora aplicada ao futsal na escolinha Dentinho de Leite no município de Areia-PB

É crescente a prática de esportes em todos os níveis, tanto de ordem social quanto econômico. No Brasil, a prática do Futsal tem envolvido milhares de crianças, jovens e adultos na busca por uma melhor qualidade de vida, assim como um melhor condicionamento físico. Este estudo, teve com objetivo avaliar a capacidade física e motora dos atletas da Escolinha de Futsal Dentinho de Leite da cidade de Areia-PB, permitindo com isso, verificar e observar a sua performance. Foram realizados testes de habilidades motora, de acordo a idade, altura, sexo e peso. O procedimento utilizado nesta pesquisa possibilitou avaliar a agilidade, coordenação, equilíbrio, velocidade e força que foram analisadas por posições especificas de jogo que revelaram seu grau de comprometimento e desenvolvimento motor, quanto à prática do Futsa

Myocardial Bridges and their Relationship to the Anterior Interventricular Branch of the Left Coronary Artery

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between myocardial bridges and the anterior interventricular branch (anterior descending) of the left coronary artery. METHODS: The study was carried out with postmortem material, and methods of dissection and observation were used. We assessed the perimeter of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery using a pachymeter, calculated its proximal and distal diameters in relation to the myocardial bridge, and also its diameter under the myocardial bridge in 30 hearts. We also observed the position of the myocardial bridge in relation to the origin of the anterior interventricular branch. RESULTS: The diameters of the anterior interventricular branch were as follows: the mean proximal diameter was 2.76±0.76 mm; the mean diameter under the myocardial bridge was 2.08±0.54 mm; and the mean distal diameter was 1.98±0.59 mm. In 33.33% (10/30) of the cases, the diameter of the anterior interventricular branch under the myocardial bridge was lower than the diameter of the anterior interventricular branch distal to the myocardial bridge. In 3.33% (1/30) of the cases, an atherosclerotic plaque was found in the segment under the myocardial bridge. The myocardial bridge was located in the middle third of the anterior interventricular branch in 86.66% (26/30) of the cases. CONCLUSION: Myocardial bridges are more frequently found in the middle third of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. The diameter of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery under the myocardial bridge may be smaller than after the bridge. Myocardial bridges may not provide protection against the formation of atherosclerotic plaque inside the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery

Numerical Simulation of the Behavior of Hydrogen Source in a Novel Welding Process to Reduce Diffusible Hydrogen

This study aims to reduce the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal during gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) which induces cold cracking. To achieve this, a novel welding torch with a dual gas nozzle has been developed. This special welding torch decreases the hydrogen source gas evaporated from a welding wire by the suction from the inner gas nozzle. In order to improve the suction efficiency of this evaporated gas, precise control of the suction gas flow is indispensable. In this paper, a simplified numerical simulation model of this process has been described. This model can take account of the evaporation of the hydrogen source gas from the wire while simulating the behavior of the shielding gas and the arc. Using this model, the effect of suction nozzle structure and torch operating conditions on suction gas flow pattern and suction efficiency was also investigated to understand the process mechanism. Furthermore, the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal was measured by chromatography as a validation step. Results show that some of the shielding gas introduced from a shielding nozzle was drawn inward and also branched into an upward flow that was sucked into the suction nozzle and a downward flow to a base metal. This branching height was defined as the suction limit height, which decisively governed the suction efficiency. As a result, in order to reduce the diffusible hydrogen, it was suggested that the suction limit height should be controlled towards below the wire position, where the evaporation rate of the hydrogen source gas peaks through optimization of the suction nozzle design and the torch operating conditions