A NATUREZA DA CULTURA: A COEXISTÊNCIA DE ANTAGONISMOS

For the Argentine thinker Rodolfo Kusch, if there is no symbolic horizonif there is no symbolic horizon, no ground, then there is nothing to be decided. That is to say, there is no cultural subject, only the shared symbolic meaning between the narrative of modernity and coloniality which coexist in the American community in a dual form, where the natural is culturalized and the cultural is naturalized allowing the condition where the shared symbol in a territory gives magnitude and value to the community spell. The contributions of anthropology and psychoanalysis gave the cleavage of nature to culture, and the legal aspect of the act make invisible the natural right in the social right, leading to a social, complex, diverse and pluricultural bond, in permanent movement. It’s about leaving the triad that underlies the action of modernity, being / essence / concept, to position ourselves as Cullen says in the triad: living / stay / symbol. Kusch had initially formulated the idea of the project to locate the condition of being from denial. Clearly the denial in Kusch does not deny, but opens a different reference of being.Para el pensador argentino Rodolfo Kusch, si no hay un horizonte simbólico, ni un suelo, entonces no hay nada por qué decidirse. Es decir, no hay un sujeto cultural, solo el sentido simbólico compartido, entre el relato de la modernidad y la colonialidad, conviven en la comunidad americana, en forma dual, donde lo natural se culturiza y lo cultural se naturaliza, posibilitando la condición donde el símbolo compartido en un territorio, da magnitud y valor al conjuro comunitario. Los aportes de la antropología y el psicoanálisis dieron el clivaje de la naturaleza a la cultura, y lo jurídico del acto plasmó en forma invisible el derecho natural en el derecho social, conllevando un lazo social, complejo, diverso y pluricultural, en permanente movimiento. Se trata de salir de la triada que fundamenta la acción de la modernidad, el ser/esencia/concepto, para posicionarnos como dice Cullen en la triada de estar/estancia/ símbolo. Kusch había formulado inicialmente la idea del proyecto para ubicar la condición delnestar desde la negación. Claramente la negación en Kusch no niega, sino que abre una referencia diferente del ser.Para o pensador argentino Rodolfo Kusch, se não há um horizonte simbólico, nem um solo, então não há como se decidir por algo. Ou seja: não há um sujeito cultural, apenas o sentido simbólico compartilhado; na comunidade americana, entre o relato da modernidade e da colonialidade, convivem, dualmente, de uma maneira em que o natural se culturaliza e o cultural se naturaliza, criando uma condição na qual o símbolo compartilhado em um território seja considerado um valor e que fortaleça a comunidade como um todo. Aportes da antropologia da psicanálise levaram a separar natureza e cultura, e o pensamento jurídico moldou, sem que percebêssemos, o direito natural em direito social, implicando um laço social complexo, diverso e pluricultural, em movimento permanente. O que se busca é sair da tríade que fundamenta a ação da modernidade – ser/essência/conceito -, para uma posição referida por Carlos Cullen como estar/estância/símbolo. Inicialmente, Kusch havia formulado a ideia de projeto para situar a condição do estar desde a ideia de negação. Para Kusch, a ideia de negação não traz um contexto de negar, apenas propõe uma referência diferente para o ser

La naturaleza de la Cultura: La convivencia de los antagonismos

En síntesis, si no hay un horizonte simbólico, ni un suelo, entonces no hay nada por qué decidirse. Es decir, no hay un sujeto cultural, solo el sentido simbólico compartido, entre el relato de la modernidad y la colonialidad, conviven en la comunidad americana, en forma dual, donde lo natural se culturiza y lo cultural se naturaliza, posibilitando la condición donde el símbolo compartido en un territorio, da magnitud y valor al conjuro comunitario. Los aportes de la antropología y el psicoanálisis dieron el clivaje de la naturaleza a la cultura, y lo jurídico del acto plasmó en forma invisible el derecho natural en el derecho social, conllevando un lazo social, complejo, diverso y pluricultural, en permanente movimiento. Se trata de salir de la triada que fundamenta la acción de la modernidad, el ser/esencia/concepto, para posicionarnos como dice Cullen en la triada de estar/estancia/ símbolo. Kusch había formulado inicialmente la idea del proyecto para ubicar la condición del estar desde la negación. Claramente la negación en Kusch no niega, sino que abre una referencia diferente del ser. Resumo Para o pensador argentino Rodolfo Kusch, se não há um horizonte simbólico, nem um solo, então não há como se decidir por algo. Ou seja: não há um sujeito cultural, apenas o sentido simbólico compartilhado; na comunidade americana, entre o relato da modernidade e da colonialidade, convivem, dualmente, de uma maneira em que o natural se culturaliza e o cultural se naturaliza, criando uma condição na qual o símbolo compartilhado em um território seja considerado um valor e que fortaleça a comunidade como um todo. Aportes da antropologia da psicanálise levaram a separar natureza e cultura, e o pensamento jurídico moldou, sem que percebêssemos, o direito natural em direito social, implicando um laço social complexo, diverso e pluricultural, em movimento permanente. O que se busca é sair da tríade que fundamenta a ação da modernidade – ser/essência/conceito -, para uma posição referida por Carlos Cullen como estar/estância/símbolo. Inicialmente, Kusch havia formulado a ideia de projeto para situar a condição do estar desde a ideia de negação. Para Kusch, a ideia de negação não traz um contexto de negar, apenas propõe uma referência diferente para o ser. Summary: To sum up, if there is no symbolic horizon, no ground, then there is nothing to be decided. That is to say, there is no cultural subject, only the shared symbolic meaning between the narrative of modernity and coloniality which coexist in the American community in a dual form, where the natural is culturalized and the cultural is naturalized allowing the condition where the shared symbol in a territory gives magnitude and value to the community spell. The contributions of anthropology and psychoanalysis gave the cleavage of nature to culture, and the legal aspect of the act make invisible the natural right in the social right, leading to a social, complex, diverse and pluricultural bond, in permanent movement. It’s about leaving the triad that underlies the action of modernity, being / essence / concept, to position ourselves as Cullen says in the triad: living / stay / symbol. Kusch had initially formulated the idea of ​​the project to locate the condition of being from denial. Clearly the denial in Kusch does not deny, but opens a different reference of being

Bioaccessible heavy metals-sediment particles from Reconquista River induce lung inflammation in mice

The Reconquista River (RR), one of the most polluted watercourses in Argentina, receives effluent discharges from heavily industrialized and highly populated settlements. During winter and summer, the floodplain remains dry, producing the oxidation of sulfide and organic matter present in the sediment, making heavy metals more bioaccessible. Dispersion of this sediment occurs, and thus harmful effects on the pulmonary health of residents and workers inhabiting the RR bank may take place. The authors characterized the sediment particles of the RR (RR-PM) morphologically by scanning electron microscopy and its elemental composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction. Furthermore, the authors evaluated its biological impact on the respiratory system of BALB/c mice, generating four groups: control healthy, sensibilized with ovalbumin, exposed to particles, and sensibilized and exposed to particles. Sediment particles of the Reconquista River contained fine particulate matter, with a high concentration of bioaccessible Cu and Zn. The authors found that animal exposure to RR-PM caused polymorphonuclear cell lung infiltration, augmentation of O2-, increase of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and apoptosis. This adverse response was more dramatic in the sensibilized and exposed to particles group. Even more, they proved the bioaccessible fraction present in the RR-PM to be responsible for these harmful effects. The authors conclude that RR-PM produces an adverse biological impact on the airways of healthy animals, which is largely aggravated in previously sensibilized animals.Fil: Ferraro, Sebastián Ariel. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Curutchet, Gustavo Andres. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Tasat, Deborah Ruth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Histología y Embriología; Argentin

Direct and indirect air particle cytotoxicity in human alveolar epithelial cells

Air particulate matter has been associated with adverse impact on the respiratory system leading to cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects. The biological mechanisms behind these associations may be initiated by inhaled small size particles, particle components (soluble fraction) and/or mediators released by particle-exposed cells (conditioned media). The effect of Urban Air Particles from Buenos Aires (UAP-BA) and Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) a surrogate of ambient air pollution, their soluble fractions (SF) and conditioned media (CM) on A549 lung epithelial cells was examined. After 24h exposure to TP (10 and 100 μg/ml), SF or CM, several biological parameters were assayed on cultured A549 cells. We tested cell viability by MTT, superoxide anion (O2-) generation by NBT and proinflammatory cytokine (TNF α, IL-6 and IL-8) production by ELISA. UAP-BA particles or its SF (direct effect) did not modify cell viability and generation of O2- for any of the doses tested. On the contrary, UAP-BA CM (indirect effect) reduced cell viability and increased both generation of O2- and IL-8 production. Exposure to ROFA particles, SF or ROFA CM reduced proliferation and O2- but, stimulated IL-8. It is worth to note that UAP-BA and ROFA depicted distinct effects on particle-exposed A549 cells implicating morphochemical dependence. These in vitro findings support the hypothesis that particle-induced lung inflammation and disease may involve lung-derived mediators.Fil: Orona, Nadia Soledad. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Astort, Francisco. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Maglione, Guillermo Alberto. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Saldiva, P. H. N.. Iira, National Research Council, Brazil; . Institute of Integrated Risk Analysis; BrasilFil: Yakisich, J. S.. Karolinska Huddinge Hospital. Karolinska Institutet; SueciaFil: Tasat, Deborah Ruth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; Argentin

Systemic and Local Tissue Response to Titanium Corrosion

No metal or alloy is completely inert in vivo. Whether noble or passivated, all metals willsuffer a slow removal of ions from the surface, largely because of local and temporalvariations in microstructure and environment. The potential risk of corrosion and thepossible detrimental consequences of corrosion byproducts to tissues are issues of clinicalimportance. The biologic effect of corrosion is a public health concern for the community of patients who have a prosthesis (orthopedic and/or dental), since these prostheses remain inside the body over long periods of time. Evaluation of tissues around metallic devices is important since the presence of ions/particles and their potential local biological effects might affect implant outcome.Corrosion is one of the possible causes of implant failure after initial success. Metalcorrosion can affect close contact between the implant and the bone tissue(osseointegration).The issue of corrosion is not only a local problem since particles resulting from this processcould migrate systemically and deposit in target organs. The long term effects of thesedeposits are yet to be clarified. Mineral elements play a critical role in the physiology andpathology of biological systems. Titanium is a nonessential element; thus, the presence oftitanium in the body, titanium biokinetics, and the potential biological effects of titanium areof great interest to researchers. “In situ” degradation of a metallic implant is an unwanted event since it alters the structural integrity of the implant. Implant manufacturers must attempt to develop methods that reduce the diffusion of metal into the tissues in order to minimize the deleterious effects of corrosion.We believe further investigation, in particular long-term research, is necessary to advance inthe understanding of the factors involved in implant corrosion and establish basicguidelines for their use in clinical implantology. Handling and controlling corrosion of aSystemic and Local Tissue Response to Titanium Corrosion 109biomedical implant is essential from a biological, sanitary, metallurgic, economic, and socialviewpoint. Lastly, it is important to highlight that the adverse effects of corrosion described in thepresent chapter will not invariably occur in all patients with implants since biologicalresponse varies among individuals.Fil: Olmedo, Daniel Gustavo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Tasat, Deborah. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Duffó, Gustavo Sergio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Cabrini, Rómulo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Guglielmotti, Maria Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Particulate matter cytotoxicity in cultured SH-SY5Y cells is modulated by simvastatin: Toxicological assessment for oxidative damage

Epidemiological studies have shown a positive correlation between environmental particulate matter and adverse health effects. In particular, residual oil fly ash (ROFA) induces inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS), exerting not only local, but also systemic adverse effects. Previously, in an experimental animal model, we found that simvastatin (Sv) pretreatment was effective in preventing ROFA induced lung inflammation. Herein, using the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line as a neurotoxicity in vitro model, we studied the potential Sv protective effect on ROFA cytotoxicity. We evaluated cell viability by the MTT assay, superoxide anion generation by NBT test, Nrf2 activation by immunofluorescence, apoptosis by cleaved-PARP and active-caspase 3 expressions, and senescence by b-galactosidase activity. SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ROFA (10 and 50mg/ml) for 24 h showed decreased cell viability, increased superoxide anion generation, apoptosis and senescence. Pretreatment with Sv (1mM) for 6 days, restored cell viability to basal levels, reduced ROFA-induced O2 generation as well as the number of apoptotic and senescent cells. Sv pretreatment stimulated the basal and ROFA-induced levels of Nrf2 nuclear translocation suggesting that activation of the cellular antioxidant defense system prevented particle-induced oxidative stress. In parallel, rescue experiments with mevalonate did not modify the effects of SV pretreatment in any of the parameters evaluated in this study. We conclude that simvastatin may provide neuroprotection against air particulate matter-induced neurotoxicity independently of its ability to inhibit cholesterol synthesis.Fil: Ferraro, Sebastián Ariel. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Astort, Francisco. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Yakisich, Juan Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Tasat, Deborah Ruth. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Histología y Embriología; Argentin

Nanotecnología: ¿Revolución científico-tecnológica de pequeños riesgos?

La nanotecnología es un campo de las ciencias aplicadas dedicado al control y manipulación de la materia a nivel de átomos y moléculas, en un rango comprendido entre uno y cien nanómetros. Permite la creación de materiales, dispositivos y sistemas mediante el control de la materia a esa escala. En el campo de la Odontología se han desarrollado bio-sensores altamente especializados, que permitirían la identificación de enfermedades en la saliva. En un futuro cercano será clave su uso en el diagnóstico de enfermedades de alto impacto como el cáncer de mama, ovario y páncreas, enfermedad de Alzheimer, SIDA, diabetes y osteoporosis.Fil: Olmedo, Daniel Gustavo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía Patologica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tasat, Deborah R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Cabrini, Rómulo L.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía Patologica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Audebert, Fernando Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica; ArgentinaFil: Guglielmotti, Maria Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía Patologica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Pensar uma educação das relações étnico-raciais na América Latina: uma reflexão a partir de Rodolfo Kusch

The article introduces a reflection based on some ideas of the argentine philosopher Rodolfo Kusch (1922-1979), in order to think about the education ethnic-racial, taking in consideration his notions of fagocitation, be someone and being [estar]. In this direction, we can say that from Kusch`s work, Latin American history is not told by the original peoples, the quilombolas and traditional communities, but predominantly from the point of view of the colonizer, who has the power to narrate it, write it and educate them. The European rationalist thought, by denying or completely disregarding American thought, transforms it into an object without life and history, where building a movement of resistance and self-assertion is all we have left, seeking emancipation from those discourses and practices that prevent us from expressing our own culture in an integral and autonomous way. Theoretically, and bearing in mind the notion of good-living [buen-vivir], the text aims to contribute to the debate and to the construction of new perspectives for the process of implementing public policies aimed at education of ethnic-rational in Brazil and Latin America.O artigo apresenta uma reflexão a partir de algumas ideias do filósofo argentino Rodolfo Kusch (1922-1979), de maneira a pensar a educação das relações étnico-raciais, levando em consideração as suas noções de fagocitação, ser alguém e estar. Nesse sentido, podemos dizer que a partir de Kusch a história latinoamericana não é contada desde os povos originários, os quilombolas e as comunidades tradicionais, mas predominantemente desde do ponto de vista do colonizador, quem tem o poder de narrar, escrever e educar. O pensamento racionalista europeu ao negar ou desconsiderar por completo o pensamento americano transforma-o em um objeto sem vida e sem história, restando-nos construir um movimento de resistência e de autoafirmação, na busca da emancipação dos discursos e práticas que nos impedem de expressar nossa própria cultura de maneira integral e autônoma. De caráter teórico, e tendo em vista a noção de buen vivir, o texto tem o objetivo de contribuir no debate e na construção de novas perspectivas para o processo de implementação das políticas públicas voltadas à educação das relações étnico-raciais no Brasil e na América Latina