Role of aquifer storage and recovery for harmonising irrigation with environment in connected systems

The flows in regulated rivers are strongly dependent on water demand by downstream water users. In irrigated catchments the river flow regimes are alerted to cater for crop demand. The impacts of these altered flows can have significant deleterious ecological impacts. There can be a number of opportunities to manipulate irrigation demand and supply in a way which provide better seasonality of flows and optimise the social, environmental and economic outcomes from water use in a catchment. This paper explores groundwater – surface water substitution as possible way to change water demand patterns. Results of a modelling study show that conjunctive water use through more groundwater extraction or infiltration and extraction is also realistic option capable of replacing over 215GL of peak period surface water use with minimum cost to overall agriculture return. To secure 215GL of water through an aquifer storage and recovery program would cost around $8.96 million

A Case Study of EFL Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices in Written Corrective Feedback

Based on a mixed-method approach, this interpretive exploratory case study aimed to identify English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ perceptions and practices in Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) in the Saudi context. The study analysed quantitative data gathered from an anonymous custom designed 15-question online survey and qualitative data from an open-ended question (at the end of the online survey) and semi-structured interviews. Participants were one hundred and eighty-four English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers (n =184) who responded to the online survey (113 females and 71 males) and 7 participants who responded to the semi-structured interview (5 males and 2 females). The study findings indicated no significant differences between male and female teachers in considering “time” as the main factor in following a particular strategy for written corrective feedback (93%). The results from the semi-structured interviews highlighted the need for further research in written corrective feedback in the Saudi context to address serious issues related to the teachers’ work-load. Some recommendations were identified for further research in written corrective feedback

Comparison of Ferrous Sulphate with Iron Polymaltose in Treating Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Children

Background: To compare the efficacy of ferrous sulphate vs Iron polymaltose complex for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in children. Methods:  In this randomized control trial , 170 children having iron deficiency anaemia with hemoglobin< 10g/dl and serum ferritin levels below 6ng/ml were selected . Patients were randomly allocated into Group A, given Syrup  ferrous sulphate in a dose of 6mg/kg/day of elemental iron once daily for 4 weeks and Group B, given syrup  iron polymaltose complex in a dose of 6mg/kg/day of elemental iron once daily orally for 4 weeks. Results: - The average age was 24.86±17.85 months. The efficacy was significantly high in ferrous sulphate as compare to Iron polymaltose complex for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia (p=0.009). Conclusion: Ferrous sulphate  has advantage over iron polymaltose complex in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia where rise in haemoglobin was considere

PAKISTAN'S SECURITY RELATIONS WITH KENYA, SOUTH AFRICA AND NIGERIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

This study examines Pakistan's security relations with Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria, specifically focusing on the influence of geopolitical, economic and cultural factors. Three main research questions guide the research: a) what are the similarities and differences in Pakistan's security relations with these three countries? b) How do geopolitical factors shape Pakistan's security relations with each country? c) What roles do cultural and economic ties play in shaping these security relationships? The study identifies and compares similarities and differences in security relations among these countries, highlighting the unique historical, geopolitical, and cultural factors through a multidimensional approach, drawing insights from Realism, Constructivism and Neoliberal Institutionalism. The findings underscore the significance of considering power dynamics and cultural influences in understanding security relations. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the potential of international institutions in promoting cooperation and building trust between Pakistan and its African counterparts.   Bibliography Entry Khan, Tariq. 2023. "Pakistan's Security Relations with Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 123-137

Limnology of four saline lakes in western Victoria, Australia I. Physico-chemical parameters

AbstractMajor physico-chemical parameters of four saline lakes (Lake Colac, Modewarre, Bolac and Tooliorook), in the volcanic plains of western Victoria (Australia), recorded bi-monthly between November 1999–September 2001 are described. Lakes are permanent, large (surface area range 3.5–29.6 km2) and shallow (mean depth range 1.5–3.9 m). Physico-chemical parameters revealed that lakes were homogenous with few differences between sites within lakes. Of the four lakes, Lake Modewarre had the highest salinity of 8 ppt with weak seasonal fluctuations in salinity in all the lakes. All the lakes were turbid (turbidity range 30–659 NTU), with low light penetration (suspended solids range 23–465 mg l−1) and low Secchi depth (Secchi depth range 7.7–89 cm). pH of the lakes varied between 8.2–9.3 with low seasonal variations, indicating well buffered waters. Based on nutrient status, lakes were classified as eutrophic to highly eutrophic with higher nutrient concentrations. Nitrogen was limiting in one lake (Lake Colac) and phosphorus in the other three lakes. Meteorological events probably influence the physico-chemical parameters of these lakes strongly

Linearization and Special Asymptotic Behaviour of the Second Painlevé Equation

AbstractLinearization of the initial value problem associated with the special second Painlevé equation is discussed using a different isomonodromic spectral problem than the one used in [1]. Further properties of the monodromy data [2, 3] are detected and these properties are used to reduce the problem to a linear singular integral equation via a Riemann–Hilbert boundary value problem on an imaginary line. A special asymptotic increasing solution of the Painlevé equation is constructed forx→−∞ from the above integral equation. Moreover, failure to extract asymptotics forx→+∞ is also mentioned

Historical Role of Islamic Waqf in Poverty Reduction in Muslim Society

Since the emergence of known civilisation poverty is a major challenge and in the present era, it is a wide spread world problem specifically afflicting the developing countries and also is a breeding ground for terrorism and conflicts between nations [Shirazi and Khan (2009)]. Poverty problem, with issues, of defining poverty, determining who is poor and where to draw the poverty line has been at the forefront of national and international policy-making forums, and a topic of heated debates among economists and policy makers [Khan (2007)]. Increasing per capita income along with equal distribution of wealth leading to better standard of life (with better facilities and opportunities of: food, health, clothing, housing, drinking water, income and employment, and social and cultural life) is pertinent way to reduce poverty. Islam encourages with stress on working hard and investment for earning the livelihood. For extremely poor who have no means to meet basic needs, no sources to invest, and no opportunity to earn, Islam suggested voluntary and compulsory endowments [Zakat, waqf, sadqa] for catering the needs of different degrees of poor from destitute to less poor, and also causing, circulation of wealth leading to it equal distribution, which is also another way to reduce poverty