The Study Importance of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Kosovo

Viral Zoonosis is distributed in Africa, Asia, and Mediterranean Europe. The major vectors of most of these zoonoses are ticks belonging to the genus Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus and Ixodes. Since Kosovo is a suitable place for the development and growth of these vectors, we thought to draw the attention of the authorities with this review article. The most important fact is that this disease has never been studied in Kosovo. The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever is a zoonotic disease transmitted through vectors. CCHF is an acute, tick borne disease often associated with hemorrhagic presentations. The virus belongs to the genus Orthonairovirus, family Nairoviridae with RNA. It causes mild fever and viremia in cattle, sheep and small mammals such as hares. Human become infected by contact with infected blood or other tissues of livestock or human patients or from tick bite. The disease presents not only economic but also social significance. Damage caused by the disease in the areas where it appears is very considerable.Keywords: Zoonosis, Virus, CCHF, Ticks, Kosovo

Some Preliminary Result of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus among Cattle in Different Regions of Kosovo

The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthonairovirus, family Nairoviridae of RNA virus. Viral Zoonosis distributed in Africa, Asia, Mediterranean Europe within the ranges of tick belonging to the genus Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, Ixodes (Avsic zupanac, T. 2007; Hodgstral H. 1977, Humolli, F. 2014, Levi, V. 1972). It causes mild fever and viremia in cattle. Sheep and small mammals such as hares. Human become infected by contact with infected blood or other tissues of livestock or human patients or from tick bite. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of CCHFV infection among cattle in different district of Kosova. This investigation was carried out on 2014/15. Blood samples were taken from the juglar vein of 932 cattle in Kosovo. These sera were collected from nine different municipalities (Malisheve, Rahoveec, Suhareke, Kline, Drenas, Prizren, Peje, Gjakove, and Deçan) and were tested with serological test ELISA. Specific IgG antibody were detected in cattle from all samples areas and detected prevalence were substantial in district of municipality of Malisheve with 43,63 % and Rahovec with 25,25%. The overall sereoprevalence was 19,12%, with major CCHFV rick in Malisheve and Rahovec

The Study Importance of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Kosovo

Viral Zoonosis is distributed in Africa, Asia, and Mediterranean Europe. The major vectors of most of these zoonoses are ticks belonging to the genus Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus and Ixodes. Since Kosovo is a suitable place for the development and growth of these vectors, we thought to draw the attention of the authorities with this review article. The most important fact is that this disease has never been studied in Kosovo. The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever is a zoonotic disease transmitted through vectors. CCHF is an acute, tick-borne disease often associated with hemorrhagic presentations. The virus belongs to the genus Orthonairovirus, family Nairoviridae with RNA. It causes mild fever and viremia in cattle, sheep and small mammals such as hares. Human become infected by contact with infected blood or other tissues of livestock or human patients or from tick bite. The disease presents not only economic but also social significance. Damage caused by the disease in the areas where it appears is very considerable

Some Preliminary Result of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus among Cattle in Different Regions of Kosovo

The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a tick borne virus belonging to the genus Orthonairovirus, family Nairoviridae of RNA virus. Viral Zoonosis distributed in Africa, Asia, Mediterranean Europe within the ranges of tick belonging to the genus Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, Ixodes (Avsic zupanac, T. 2007; Hodgstral H. 1977, Humolli, F. 2014, Levi,V.1972). It causes mild fever and viremia in cattle. Sheep and small mammals such as hares. Human become infected by contact with infected blood or other tissues of livestock or human patients or from tick bite. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of CCHFV infection among cattle in different district of Kosova. This investigation was carried out on 2014/15. Blood samples were taken from the juglar vein of 932 cattle in Kosovo. These sera were collected from nine different municipalities (Malisheve, Rahoveec, Suhareke, Kline, Drenas, Prizren, Peje, Gjakove, and Deçan) and were tested with serological test ELISA. Specific IgG antibody were detected in cattle from all samples areas and detected prevalence were substantial in district of municipality of Malisheve with 43,63 % and Rahovec with 25,25%. The overall sereoprevalence was 19,12%, with major CCHFV rick in Malisheve and Rahovec.Keywords: Virus, CCHF, Cattle, ELISA, Epidemiology

Sheep as the Hosts of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Kosova

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus which cause danger disease in country of Balkan. But also, this disease is none in Asia, Africa, and South Europe in Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia. There strong evidence that the Kosovo sheep appear to play a role as virus and tick-vector host. We tested sheep from 5 municipality (Peja, Gjakova, Junik, Prishtina, Hani Elezit). It was tested 137 blood samples of sheep with the immunological ELISA method. Specific IgG antibody were detected in all sampled municipality, and detected high prevalence in municipality Gjakova 100% and Prishtina 83,33%, followed with Peja 25%, Hani Elezit 12 % and Junik 10%. In basis of result which we receive, we can conclude that the CCHFV is present and circulate in sheep of Kosovo municipality in border of Albania, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia

Sheep as the Hosts of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Kosova

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus which cause danger disease in country of  Balkan. But also, this disease is none in Asia, Africa, and South Europe in Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia. There strong evidence that the Kosovo sheep appear to play a role as virus and tick-vector host. We  tested sheep from 5 municipality (Peja, Gjakova, Junik, Prishtina, Hani Elezit). It was tested 137 blood samples of sheep with the immunological ELISA method. Specific IgG antibody were detected in all sampled municipality, and detected high prevalence in municipality Gjakova 100% and Prishtina 83,33%, followed with Peja 25%, Hani Elezit 12 % and Junik 10%. In basis of result which we receive, we can conclude that the CCHFV is present and circulate in sheep of Kosovo municipality in border of Albania, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia. Keywords: Virus, CCHF, Sheep, ELISA, Kosovo

Presence of Tick Species as the Vector of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Kosovo

There is strong evidence that the species of the tick are implicated in the ecology and epidemiology of CCHF in Kosovo. The data suggest that the domestic animals, especially the sheep, should be considered the principal host of adult tick as the vector of virus. The tick were collected from the sheep in the two municipality in endemic area Malisheve (village Astrozub) 44 sample and non-endemic municipality Pristine (village Graqanica and Hajkoil) 158 samples. That was examined for the presence of different species of tick. From the 202 collected tick, prevalent was genus Rhipicephalus spp. with 157 cases and 1 cases genus Haemophisalis spp. in non-endemic municipality Prishtina. In endemic municipality Malisheve prevalent was the genus Hyalomma spp. with the 27 cases, Ixodes spp. 13 cases and 2 cases genus Haemophisalis spp.. Determination and specification of the samples of tick was done using guide Estrada-Pena at al (2004)

Presence of Tick Species as the Vector of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Kosovo

There is strong evidence that the species of the tick are implicated in the ecology and epidemiology of CCHF in Kosovo. The data suggest that the domestic animals, especially the sheep, should be considered the principal host of adult tick as the vector of virus. The tick were collected from the sheep in the two municipality in endemic area Malisheve (village Astrozub) 44 sample and non-endemic municipality Pristine (village Graqanica and Hajkoil) 158 samples. That was examined for the presence of different species of tick. From the 202 collected tick, prevalent was genus Rhipicephalus spp. with 157 cases and 1 cases genus Haemophisalis spp. in non-endemic municipality Prishtina. In endemic municipality Malisheve prevalent was the genus Hyalomma spp. with the 27 cases, Ixodes spp. 13 cases and 2 cases genus Haemophisalis spp.. Determination and specification of the samples of tick was done using guide Estrada-Pena at al (2004).Keywords: CCHF, Tick, Genus, Vector, Kosovo, etc

Sheep as the Hosts of the CCHF and Tick in Kosovo

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHFF) virus which cause danger disease in country of Balkan. But this disease is none in Asia, Africa, South Europe in Kosova, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia. There is strong evidence that the Kosova sheep appear to play a role as virus and tick-vector host. There is evidence for presence of the tick genus Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, and Haemophisalis. We were collected and identify 202 ticks from 2 municipality Prishtina and Malisheva area sheep. There is confirmed that the genus Hyalomma as the principal vector of CCHFV in endemic area of Malisheva municipality with 7%, and Rhipicephalus as the principal vector of CCHFV non-endemic areas of Pristine with 90 %. We also confirm that the high presence of tick in endemic area Malisheve species Hyalomma (7%), Ixodes (2,5%), Haemophisalis (0,5%) and Rhipicephalus (90%) in non-endemic Pristine area. We also tested sheep from 5 municipalities as Peja, Gjakova, Junik, Prishtina, and Hani Elezit. It was tested 137 blood samples of sheep with the immunological ELISA method. Specific IgG antibody were detected in all sampled municipality and detected high prevalence in municipality Gjakova 100% and Prishtina 83,33%, followed with Peja 25%, Hani Elezit 12% and Junik 10%. In basis of result which we receive, we can conclude that the CCHFV is present and circulate in sheep of Kosova municipality in border of Albania, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia

High Rates of Neutralizing Antibodies to Toscana and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Viruses in Livestock, Kosovo

Toscana and sandfly fever Sicilian viruses (TOSV and SFSV, respectively), both transmitted by sand flies, are prominent human pathogens in the Old World. Of 1,086 serum samples collected from cattle and sheep during 2013 in various regions of Kosovo (Balkan Peninsula), 4.7% and 53.4% had neutralizing antibodies against TOSV and SFSV, respectively