Les réfugiés dans la construction de l'état-nation turc

La Turquie est depuis les années soixante avant tout connue comme pays d'émigration, pays d'origine de nombreux travailleurs émigrés ou réfugiés. Cependant, on oublie souvent qu'elle a été et reste d'ailleurs un pays d'immigration. Devenu récemment pays de transit et même d'immigration pour des migrants cherchant en Europe ou en Turquie même un travail, l'ex-Empire ottoman transformé en république a attiré depuis 1771 des millions de réfugiés et personnes déplacées à l'occasion de nombreux conflits dans les Balkans, les pays de la Méditerranée orientale, du Caucase et de la mer Noire. Quelques petits groupes sont même venus de Sibérie ou du Xinjiang chinois. Tous n'étaient pas turcophones, ni même d'origine turcophone, mais à l'exception de rares chrétiens alliés un moment à l'Empire, tous étaient musulmans. Cet article propose un bilan politique de la venue de ces réfugiés qui ont, dans l'émergence de la Turquie contemporaine, joué un rôle immense, non seulement par leur apport démographique, mais aussi bien par le transfert de leurs idéologies, croyances et convictions. Si la Turquie actuelle est aussi turque, aussi homogène qu'elle l'est devenue sur un substrat complexe de mosaïque ethnique, c'est paradoxalement aussi par l'action des Slaves, de Grecs, de Caucasiens ou d'Albanais qui avaient en commun un islam venu de Turquie ottomane. (Résumé d'auteur

Populations réfugiées : de l'exil au retour

Depuis les années 1960, la Turquie est avant tout connue comme pays d'émigration, pays d'origine de nombreux travailleurs émigrés ou réfugiés. Cependant, on oublie souvent que ce pays a été et reste un pays d'immigration. Devenu récemment pays de transit et d'immigration pour des migrants cherchant en Europe ou en Turquie un travail, l'empire ottoman transformé en république a attiré depuis 1771 des millions de réfugiés et personnes déplacées a l'occasion de nombreux conflits dans les Balkans, les pays de la Méditerranée orientale, du Caucase et de la Mer Noire, voire en Sibérie ou au Xinjiang chinois. Tous n'étaient pas turcophones, ni même d'origines turques, mais à l'exception de rares chrétiens alliés un moment à l'empire, tous étaient musulmans. Cet article propose un bilan politique de la venue de ces réfugiés qui ont, dans l'émergence de la Turquie contemporaine, joué un rôle immense, non seulement de par leur apport démographique, mais bien aussi par le transfert de leurs idéologies, croyances et convictions. (Résumé d'auteur

Cooper pairs as bosons

Although BCS pairs of fermions are known not to obey Bose-Einstein (BE) commutation relations nor BE statistics, we show how Cooper pairs (CPs), whether the simple original ones or the CPs recently generalized in a many-body Bethe-Salpeter approach, being clearly distinct from BCS pairs at least obey BE statistics. Hence, contrary to widespread popular belief, CPs can undergo BE condensation to account for superconductivity if charged, as well as for neutral-atom fermion superfluidity where CPs, but uncharged, are also expected to form.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, full biblio info adde

Light, long-lived and secluded: can gluinos be driven out from LEP1 data ?

We briefly report about a possible settlement of the still ongoing dispute concerning the existence of SUSY signals in 4jet events at LEP1. We base our arguments on a simple selection strategy exploiting secondary vertex tagging and kinematical constraints, which could allow one to access or exclude gluino events for a broad range of masses and lifetimes.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, 3 PostScript figures embedded with epsfig. Complete ps paper and figures available also at ftp://ftae3.ugr.es/pub/rmt/ugrft70.p

Mid-Infrared Imaging of NGC 6334 I

We present high-resolution (<0.5") mid-infrared Keck II images of individual sources in the central region of NGC 6334 I. We compare these images to images at a variety of other wavelengths from the near infrared to cm radio continuum and speculate on the nature of the NGC 6334 I sources. We assert that the cometary shape of the UCHII region here, NGC 6334 F, is due to a champagne-like flow from a source on the edge of a molecular clump and not a due to a bow shock caused by the supersonic motion of the UCHII region through the interstellar medium. The mid-infrared emission in concentrated into an arc of dust that define the boundary between the UCHII region and the molecular clump. This dust arc contains a majority of the masers in the region. We discuss the nature of the four near-infrared sources associated with IRS-I 1, and suggest that one of the sources, IRS1E, is responsible for the heating and ionizing of the UCHII region and the mid-infrared dust arc. Infrared source IRS-I 2, which has been thought to be a circumstellar disk associated with a linear distribution of methanol masers, is found not to be directly coincident with the masers and elongated at a much different position angle. IRS-I 3 is found to be a extended source of mid-infrared emission coming from a cluster of young dusty sources seen in the near-infrared.Comment: Accepted for publication by the Astrophysical Journal, 27 pages, 9 figure

Three Bosons in One Dimension with Short Range Interactions I: Zero Range Potentials

We consider the three-boson problem with $\delta$-function interactions in one spatial dimension. Three different approaches are used to calculate the phase shifts, which we interpret in the context of the effective range expansion, for the scattering of one free particle a off of a bound pair. We first follow a procedure outlined by McGuire in order to obtain an analytic expression for the desired S-matrix element. This result is then compared to a variational calculation in the adiabatic hyperspherical representation, and to a numerical solution to the momentum space Faddeev equations. We find excellent agreement with the exact phase shifts, and comment on some of the important features in the scattering and bound-state sectors. In particular, we find that the 1+2 scattering length is divergent, marking the presence of a zero-energy resonance which appears as a feature when the pair-wise interactions are short-range. Finally, we consider the introduction of a three-body interaction, and comment on the cutoff dependence of the coupling.Comment: 9 figures, 2 table

Organized Disassembly of Photosynthesis During Programmed Cell Death Mediated By Long Chain Bases.

In plants, pathogen triggered programmed cell death (PCD) is frequently mediated by polar lipid molecules referred as long chain bases (LCBs) or ceramides. PCD interceded by LCBs is a well-organized process where several cell organelles play important roles. In fact, light-dependent reactions in the chloroplast have been proposed as major players during PCD, however, the functional aspects of the chloroplast during PCD are largely unknown. For this reason, we investigated events that lead to disassembly of the chloroplast during PCD mediated by LCBs. To do so, LCB elevation was induced with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (a non-host pathogen) or Fumonisin B1 in Phaseolus vulgaris. Then, we performed biochemical tests to detect PCD triggering events (phytosphingosine rises, MPK activation and H2O2 generation) followed by chloroplast structural and functional tests. Observations of the chloroplast, via optical phenotyping methods combined with microscopy, indicated that the loss of photosynthetic linear electron transport coincides with the organized ultrastructure disassembly. In addition, structural changes occurred in parallel with accumulation of H2O2 inside the chloroplast. These features revealed the collapse of chloroplast integrity and function as a mechanism leading to the irreversible execution of the PCD promoted by LCBs

Identification of stillbirths in NSW linked population health datasets

This manuscript has not been submitted for publication. It compares stillbirth reporting from four different population data sources, and develops an algorithm for maximum identification of definite and probable stillbirths in linked population data while avoiding false positive and duplicate reports. By placing the results on this repository we are hoping to inform future use of population data for research on stillbirths in NSW.This work was supported by the Stillbirth Foundation Australia. Christine Roberts is supported by a NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (APP1021025). We thank the NSW Ministry of Health for access to the population health data and the Centre for Health Record Linkage (CHeReL) for linking the data sets

Benefits of probiotic administration on growth and performance along metamorphosis and weaning of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Suitable nutrition at first feeding in marine fish larvae is an important factor for successful larval and juvenile rearing. In this way probiotic supplementation may contribute to better face the habitual stress of metamorphosis and weaning at early sole stages. The aimof this study was to optimize Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 administration to Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) at early stages of development. For this purpose, we studied the influence of a short pulse of S. putrefaciens Pdp11 (10–30 dah) on growth performance, gut microbiota modulation, digestive enzymes activities and body composition. These probiotic bacteria were incorporated using Artemia as live vector (2.5 × 10 7 cfu mL −1 ) and supplied to sole specimens in a co-feeding regime (Gemma, Skretting) by triplicate. S. putrefaciens Pdp11 colonized larval gut being present from23 to 119 dah. Probiotic supply significantly modulated larval and fry gut microbiota. A PCA analysis including all the parameters analyzed strongly associated S. putrefaciens Pdp11 presence with a higher fish growth, a higher digestive proteolytic activity level and a fish body composition modulation along S. senegalensis rearing. In addition less size variability was obtained frommetamorphosis until the end of weaning. In conclusion a short pulse of S. putrefaciens Pdp11 (10– 30 dah) seems sufficient to obtain a suitable microbial modulation involved in a better growth performance and body composition that suggests a great potential for sole aquaculture production.En prens