The probiotic strain Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 strongly modulates gene expression of the fish pathogen Vibrio harveyi

In this work, the interaction between the fish probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 and the fish pathogen V. harveyi was studied by RNA-seq to understand how SpPdp11 interferes with the pathogen through bioinformatics analysis. Three types of cultures were performed: SpPdp11 alone, V. harveyi alone and SpPdp11 and V. harveyi together. RNA was extracted and sequenced (paired end, 2x75 bp) at the Ultrasequencing Service of the University of Málaga using the Illumina NextSeqTM 550 platform. Raw reads were processed using a bioinformatic pipeline and a network analysis was performed for the most relevant functional enrichment results. The results suggest that the presence of SpPdp11 affects V. harveyi to a greater extent than V. harveyi affects SpPdp11. Considering that V. harveyi is a pathogenic strain and SpPdp11 is a probiotic strain, this may be positive for its probiotic capacity, as it not only maintains its functionality almost intact, but also produces a huge imbalance in that of V. harveyiThis work was funded by project AG-2017-509 83370-C3-3-R (MINECO, Spain)

Parámetros reproductivos en el ganado vacuno de raza retinta explotado en dehesa: edad al primer parto e intervalo entre partos

La mejora de los caracteres reproductivos es de vital importancia para maximizar esta rentabilidad de las explotaciones de vacuno de carne, especialmente en las razas explotadas en régimen extensivo, como es el caso de la raza Retinta. Dicho sistema supone condiciones adversas e incluso extremas para los animales, especialmente durante la fase de recría fase fundamental y a la que generalmente se presta escasa atención en estas explotaciones. El objetivo del presente trabaja fue, analizar la posible influencia de distintos factores, tanto ambientales como genéticos, sobre la edad al primer parto (EPP) y el intervalo entre partos (IPP). Para ello hemos contando con los registros reproductivos correspondientes al Núcleo de Control de Rendimientos de la Raza Retinta. Estos incluían 2.786 primeros partos y 11.197 intervalos entre partos, correspondientes a 3. 112 vacas. Según nuestros resultados la edad al primer parto del ganado vacuno de raza Retinta se ve afectada por los factores ganadería de nacimiento, campaña y época de nacimiento, y la interacción de los tres. Dentro de estos factores, el factor ganadería absorbió del 52 al 66% de la variabilidad de la edad al primer parto. Otro factor que resulto significativo fue el tipo de alimentación que recibe la ternera durante el periodo predestete. Así mismo nuestros resultados muestras que dentro del rango de EPP estudiadas, no existe influencia sobre las condiciones de crecimiento del ternero de ese primer parto ni de los posteriores, incluso las novillas que paren a edad temprana (dentro de unos límites fisiológicos), produjeron más terneros y más pesados durante su vida. En cuanto al periodo medio entre partos encontramos una fuerte relación con la ganadería, y con el efecto campaña ganadera, correspondiendo los intervalos más largos a aquellos años en los que aparece un notable período de sequía. Independientemente a este factor, se aprecia una evidente disminución del IPP en la última década. El valor medio obtenido está fuertemente influenciado por el sistema de cubrición seguido (paridera restringida o continua). Según nuestros resultados las ganaderías con temporada de cubrición continua presentan menores intervalos, aunque con bajas diferencias, lo cual puede ser refleja de un manejo reproductivo menos optimizado que las de paridera estacional

Benefits of probiotic administration on growth and performance along metamorphosis and weaning of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Suitable nutrition at first feeding in marine fish larvae is an important factor for successful larval and juvenile rearing. In this way probiotic supplementation may contribute to better face the habitual stress of metamorphosis and weaning at early sole stages. The aimof this study was to optimize Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 administration to Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) at early stages of development. For this purpose, we studied the influence of a short pulse of S. putrefaciens Pdp11 (10–30 dah) on growth performance, gut microbiota modulation, digestive enzymes activities and body composition. These probiotic bacteria were incorporated using Artemia as live vector (2.5 × 10 7 cfu mL −1 ) and supplied to sole specimens in a co-feeding regime (Gemma, Skretting) by triplicate. S. putrefaciens Pdp11 colonized larval gut being present from23 to 119 dah. Probiotic supply significantly modulated larval and fry gut microbiota. A PCA analysis including all the parameters analyzed strongly associated S. putrefaciens Pdp11 presence with a higher fish growth, a higher digestive proteolytic activity level and a fish body composition modulation along S. senegalensis rearing. In addition less size variability was obtained frommetamorphosis until the end of weaning. In conclusion a short pulse of S. putrefaciens Pdp11 (10– 30 dah) seems sufficient to obtain a suitable microbial modulation involved in a better growth performance and body composition that suggests a great potential for sole aquaculture production.En prens

Quality of cherry ‘Sweetheart’ from different regions of Portugal and Spain (Cova da Beira, Portalegre and Valle del Jerte).

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) ‘Sweetheart’ were harvested at different production regions from Portugal (Cova da Beira and Portalegre) and Spain (Valle de Jerte). Cherries were harvested at their commercial maturation according to the empirical knowledge of external color corresponding to good quality. Fruits were stored and evaluated in order to study their quality on the harvest day and during a period of 21 days, at cold storage (1 ºC, 95% RH). The sweet cherry ‘Sweetheart’ is a well known variety and a highly appreciated one but fruits present a short shelf life. On the other hand the effect of different “terroir” on cherry characteristics should be known and clarified. Fruits from day 0, considered without storage, were kept at 20ºC and analyzed. Every weak, 3 replicas were randomly picked up and 10 fruits from each one were submitted to several analyses after fruit temperature stabilized at 20ºC. Several quality parameters were evaluated: external color (L*, a*, b*), texture, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and the ratio between soluble solid contents (SSC) and tritratable acidity (TA). Fruits from different orchards and locations were significantly different according to these parameters. Fruits from Cova da Beira were less firm comparing with other two regions, Valle de Jerte and Portalegre, which may indicate a higher maturation rate at harvest in those fruits. This is in accordance with SSC/titratable acidity rate suggesting a late harvest in Cova da Beira comparing with other two orchards, however fruits from Cova da Beira exhibit a poor color at harvest. These results clearly showed a lower correlation between SSC and firmness considering fruits origin

Modulation of the intestinal microbiota and expression of gene of senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858) after dietary administration of oxytetracycline.

Oxitetracycline and probiotics (Pdp11) administration to sole juveniles showed important changes in the species composition of intestinal microbiota that established a relationship between these species and gene expression

Changes in intestinal microbiota and gene expression of immune system parameters caused by dietary administration of alginate and Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) specimens

Dietary administration of sodium alginate single or mixed with Pdp11 modulated the intestinal microbiota diversity of sole juveniles. Both treatments promoted a change in the species present in the gut in comparison with control group. In addition, oral administration of alginate promoted the appearance of an intestinal microbiota highly influenced by the prebiotic presence. Synbiotic administration of alginate with Pdp11 promoted a more pronounced decreasing in the similarity index and in the species richness. Both treatments modulated the expression of genes related with immune system functions

The treatment with the probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 of sepecimens of Solea senegalensis exposed to high stocking densities to enhance their resistance to disease

Aquaculture industry exposes fish to acute stress events, such as high stocking density, and a link between stress and higher susceptibility to diseases has been concluded. Several studies have demonstrated increased stress tolerance of fish treated with probiotics, but the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 is a strain isolated from healthy gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and it is considered as probiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary administration of this probiotics on the stress tolerance of Solea senegalensis specimens farmed under high stocking density (PHD) compared to a group fed a commercial diet and farmed under the same conditions (CHD). In addition, during the experiment, a natural infectious outbreak due to Vibrio species affected fish farmed under crowding conditions. Changes in the microbiota and histology of intestine and in the transcription of immune response genes were evaluated at 19 and 30 days of the experiment. Mortality was observed after 9 days of the beginning of the experiment in CHD and PHD groups, it being higher in the CHD group. Fish farmed under crowding stress showed reduced expression of genes at 19 day probiotic feeding. On the contrary, a significant increase in immune related gene expression was detected in CHD fish at 30 day, whereas the gene expression in fish from PHD group was very similar to that showed in specimens fed and farmed with the conventional conditions. In addition, the dietary administration of S. putrefaciens Pdp11 produced an important modulation of the intestinal microbiota, which was significantly correlated with the high number of goblet cells detected in fish fed the probiotic diet.Postprin