Estrategia generalizada para la implementación del método de localización de fallas basado en la reactancia mínima de falla en sistemas de distribución reales

En este artículo se propone una estrategia generalizada para fácilmente implementar un localizador de fallas en sistemas reales de distribución de energía eléctrica. La estrategia se fundamenta en la definición de un método de localización de fallas y su sucesiva aplicación a lo largo de las secciones de línea desde la subestación hasta donde se determine la localización de la falla. De acuerdo con los resultados, la estrategia propuesta es aplicable en sistemas de potencia reales como una alternativa para reducir el tiempo de localización de fallas y en consecuencia para mantener buenos índices de continuidad.The paper presented here is aimed at proposing a generalised strategy for easily implementing a fault locator in real power distribution systems. The strategy is based on the definition of a fault location method and its successive application along section lines from a power substation to the section where the fault has been determined. According to the results, the proposed strategy seems to be applicable to real power systems as an alternative for reducing fault location time and thus keeping good continuity indexes

Model of enteric methane emissions supports climate change mitigation in Colombia’s cattle sector

Key messages ◼ The RUMINANT model qualifies as an advanced or “Tier 3” method for estimating emissions from enteric fermentation in ruminant livestock. ◼ The RUMINANT model was validated for enteric methane emissions from cattle in the tropical lowlands (Cauca Valley) of Colombia using six different diets given to feeder steers in 2017. ◼ There was a good correlation between field measurements of enteric fermentation using the polytunnel technique and estimates made using the RUMINANT model. ◼ Based on findings from the validation process, RUMINANT has been used to improve Colombia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the preparation of the sustainable bovine livestock Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) information note. ◼ The RUMINANT model could support the measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) phase of the NDCs of Colombia and other countries

Amazon region: eco-efficient landscapes

The Amazon Basin is so diverse that one could say many Amazons exist, not just one. Indeed, its diversity is considered unique in the world. Although the Basin occupies 7% of the planet’s land, it carries 25% of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity. The region is so vast, it represents one-third of South America’s land surface. It covers, or partly covers, nine countries: Colombia (36% of the land area), Venezuela and Guyana (6% each), Suriname and French Guiana (almost 100% each), Brazil (60%), Bolivia and Peru (75% together), and Ecuador (45%)

Generalised strategy for implementing the minimum fault reactance based fault location algorithm in real power distribution systems

The paper presented here is aimed at proposing a generalised strategy for easily implementing a fault locator in real power distribution systems. The strategy is based on the definition of a fault location method and its successive application along section lines from a power substation to the section where the fault has been determined. According to the results, the proposed strategy seems to be applicable to real power systems as an alternative for reducing fault location time and thus keeping good continuity indexes.En este artículo se propone una estrategia generalizada para fácilmente implementar un localizador de fallas en sistemas reales de distribución de energía eléctrica. La estrategia se fundamenta en la definición de un método de localización de fallas y su sucesiva aplicación a lo largo de las secciones de línea desde la subestación hasta donde se determine la localización de la falla. De acuerdo con los resultados, la estrategia propuesta es aplicable en sistemas de potencia reales como una alternativa para reducir el tiempo de localización de fallas y en consecuencia para mantener buenos índices de continuidad

Challenges and opportunities for improving eco-efficiency of tropical forage-based systems to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions

Forage-based livestock production plays a key role in national and regional economies, for food security and poverty alleviation, but is considered a major contributor to agricultural GHG emissions. While demand for livestock products is predicted to increase, there is political and societal pressure both to reduce environmental impacts and to convert some of the pasture area to alternative uses, such as crop production and environmental conservation. Thus, it is essential to develop approaches for sustainable intensification of livestock systems to mitigate GHG emissions, addressing biophysical, socio-economic and policy challenges. This paper highlights the potential of improved tropical forages, linked with policy incentives, to enhance livestock production, while reducing its environmental footprint. Emphasis is on crop-livestock systems. We give examples for sustainable intensification to mitigate GHG emissions, based on improved forages in Brazil and Colombia, and suggest future perspectives

LivestockPlus - The sustainable intensification of forage-based agricultural systems to improve livelihoods and ecosystem services in the tropics

© 2015. As global demand for livestock products (such as meat, milk and eggs) is expected to double by 2050, necessary in-creases to future production must be reconciled with negative environmental impacts that livestock cause. This paper describes the LivestockPlus concept and demonstrates how the sowing of improved forages can lead to the sustainable intensification of mixed crop-forage-livestock-tree systems in the tropics by producing multiple social, economic and environmental benefits. Sustainable intensification not only improves the productivity of tropical forage-based systems but also reduces the ecological footprint of livestock production and generates a diversity of ecosystem services (ES) such as improved soil quality and reduced erosion, sedimentation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Integrating improved grass and legume forages into mixed production systems (crop-livestock, tree-livestock, crop-tree-livestock) can restore degraded lands and enhance system resilience to drought and waterlogging associated with climate change. When properly managed tropical forages accumulate large amounts of carbon in soil, fix atmospheric nitrogen (legumes), inhibit nitrification in soil and reduce nitrous oxide emissions (grasses), and reduce GHG emissions per unit livestock product. The LivestockPlus concept is defined as the sustainable intensification of forage-based systems, which is based on 3 interrelated intensification processes: genetic intensification - the development and use of superior grass and legume cultivars for increased livestock productivity; ecological intensification - the development and application of improved farm and natural resource management practices; and socio-economic intensification - the improvement of local and national institutions and policies, which enable refinements of technologies and support their enduring use. Increases in livestock productivity will require coordinated efforts to develop supportive government, non-government organiza-tion and private sector policies that foster investments and fair market compensation for both the products and ES provided. Effective research-for-development efforts that promote agricultural and environmental benefits of forage-based systems can contribute towards implemention of LivestockPlus across a variety of geographic, political and socio-economic contexts