Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Treatment Preparedness in Thailand

Perspective and Practice in Antiretroviral Treatment: Case Stud

Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Keluarga terhadap Tekanan Darah di Desa Karawana.

ABSTRAK Gambaran Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Keluarga Terhadap Tekanan Darah Di Desa Karawana Glenn Frekly S. Tapa Ngale (2022) Program Studi D-III Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tadulako Dr. Ni Wayan Sridani, S.ST., M.Kes Hipertensi merupakan salah satu dari begitu banyaknya masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia karena hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko terhadap beberapa penyakit penyebab kematian dini yang berhubungan dengan kardiovaskuler seperti stroke dan serangan jantung yang penyebabnya belum diketahui secara pasti dan dianggap sebagai penyakit tidak menular yang tidak memiliki gejala awal yang pasti sehingga sangat penting untuk mengukur tekanan darah secara teratur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan perilaku keluarga terhadap tekanan darah di desa karawana. Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan desain survei. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu kepala keluarga sebanyak 54 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar kuisioner, tensi meter, stetoskop, SOP tekanan darah. Hasil pengetahuan baik sebanyak 12 responden (22,2%), cukup baik sebanyak 20 responden (37%), kurang baik sebanyak 15 responden (27,8%), dan tidak baik sebanyak 7 responden (13%). Hasil perilaku baik sebanyak 4 responden (7,4%), cukup baik sebanyak 13 responden (24,1%), kurang baik sebanyak 29 responden (53,7%), dan tidak baik sebanyak 8 responden (14,8%). Kesimpulan gambaran pengetahuan dan perilaku keluarga terhadap tekanan darah di desa karawana yaitu pengetahuan terbanyak adalah cukup baik sebesar 37% dengan tekanan darah pra hipertensi sedangkan perilaku terbanyak adalah kurang baik sebesar 53,7% dengan tekanan darah pra hipertensi. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menggunakan penelitian ini pada analisis yang lebih tinggi. Kata Kunci : Hipertensi, pengetahuan, perilaku, tekanan darah

Assessing components of the natural environment of the Upper Danube and Upper Brahmaputra river basins

A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between the natural environment and the human dimension is one of the prerequisites to successful and sustaining IWRM practises in large river basins such as the Upper Brahmaputra river basin or the Upper Danube river basin. These interactions, their dynamics and changes, and the likely future scenarios were investigated in the BRAHMATWINN project with a series of tools from remote sensing and geoinformatics. An integrated assessment of main components of the natural environment in the two river basins as well as in five reference catchments within those basins, has led to the delineation of hydrological response units (HRUs). HRUs are spatial units bearing a uniform behaviour in terms of the hydrological response regime, as a function of physical parameters land use, soil type, water, vegetation cover and climate. Besides the delineated HRUs which are available in a spatially exhaustive manner for all reference catchments, the following information were provided as spatial layers: (1) uniform digital surface models of both the twinned basins and the reference catchments; (2) glacier areas and the magnitude of glacier loss; (3) mountain permafrost distribution and identification of areas particularly affected by permafrost thaw; (4) a consistent land use/land cover information in all reference catchments; and (5) the vulnerabilities of wetlands and groundwater in terms of anthropogenic impact and climate change

Part I. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

There are only 10 contemporary, population-based studies of typhoid fever that evaluate disease incidence using blood culture for confirmation of cases. Reported incidence ranged from 13 to 976/100 000 persons per year. These studies are likely to have been done preferentially in high- incidence sites which makes generalization of data difficult. Only five of these studies reported mortality. Of these the median (range) mortality was 0% (0–1·8%). Since study conditions usually involved enhanced clinical management of patients and the studies were not designed to evaluate mortality as an outcome, their usefulness for generalizing case-fatality rates is uncertain. No contemporary population-based studies reported rates of complications. Hospital-based typhoid fever studies reported median (range) complication rates of 2·8% (0·6–4·9%) for intestinal perforation and case-fatality rates of 2·0% (0–14·8%). Rates of complications other than intestinal perforation were not reported in contemporary hospital-based studies. Hospital-based studies capture information on the most severe illnesses among persons who have access to health-care services limiting their generalizability. Only two studies have informed the current understanding of typhoid fever age distribution curves. Extrapolation from population-based studies suggests that most typhoid fever occurs among young children in Asia. To reduce gaps in the current understanding of typhoid fever incidence, complications, and case-fatality rate, large population-based studies using blood culture confirmation of cases are needed in representative sites, especially in low and medium human development index countries outside Asia