Study of Different Rates of Application of Pendimethalin and Acetochlor onWeed Infestation and Grain Yield of Fababean

A fababean weed control trial was conducted during the 2016-2017 growing season. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two preemergence herbicides Pendimethalin and Acetochlor on weed infestation in a fababean crop. Dominant weed botanical families in the experimental site belong to Asteraceae and Poaceae. Results showed that the improvement of fababean grain yield depends on the weed control efficacy. Treatment with Pendimethalin at 1228 g/ha widely decrease fababean weed infestations recording 91.7% and 90.56 respectively on visual efficacy rating and weed biomass reduction. Acetochlor at 1050 g/ha recorded the lowest efficacies 53.3% and 62.1% respectively on visual efficacy rating and weed biomass reduction. Plots treated with Pendimethalin at 1228 g/ha recorded the best yields with an average of 3.32 tons / ha

Characterization of a single clonal lineage of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis causing Bayoud disease of date palm in Morocco

Bayoud, the #Fusarium wilt of date palm, was first detectd in southern Morocco (Draa Valley), after which it spread to most of the Moroccan pal groves. To assess whether the epidemic results from the spread of a single virulent clone, 42 isolats of #Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. #albedinis were collected from several cultivars of wilted palms at different locations in Morocco ; two isolates were included from Algeria, where the disease also occurs. The isolates were tested for vegetative compatibility group (VCG), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). No polymorphism was observed either in RFLP studies on mitochondrial DNA or in RAPD analysis, and all strains belonged to a single VCG (0170). Sequences homologous to the DNA transposable element Fot1 were found in the genome of the #F. oxysporum f. sp. #albedinis$strains. Repetitive DNA patterns were produced when EcoRI-digested DNA of the isolates was probed with Fot1 ; 23 distinct hybridization patterns were established among the 44 isolates. Of these patterns, 4 accounted for more than 50$ f. sp. #albedinis strains at a genetic distance of 0.11. Such close genetic relationships between the isolates provides evidence that Moroccan #F. oxysporum f. sp. #albedinis$ populations may belong to a single clonal lineage that originated in Moroccan palm groves and eventually reached the Algerian oases. (Résumé d'auteur

Devil's Thorn (Emex spinosa (L.) Campd.) Response to Tribenuron-methyl and 2,4-D in Ouazzane Region of Morocco

A soft wheat weed control trial was conducted during the 2016-2017 growing season. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two postemergence herbicides Tribenuron-methyl and 2,4 D on Emex spinosa infestation in a soft wheat crop. Treatments consist on two Tribenuron-methyl rates of application and two 2,4-D rates of application. The experimental design was a random block with tree repetitions and observations were made 60 days after application of herbicides. Results showed that treatment with Tribenuron-methyl at 9.50g/ha and 14.25g/ha widely decrease E. spinosa infestations. Tribenuron-methyl at 9.50g/ha recorded 87.8%, 86.1% and 90.5% respectively on E. spinosa density reduction, E. spinosa height reduction, and E. spinosa dry biomass reduction. Tribenuron-methyl at 14.25g/ha recorded 96.3%, 95.5% and 98.7% respectively on E. spinosa density reduction, E. spinosa height reduction, and E. spinosa dry biomass reduction. 2,4 D at 400g/ha and 600g/ha recorded the lowest efficacies that did not exceed 75.2% in all observed parameters

Recherche d’un milieu synthétique pour la croissance et la toxicogenèse des Aspergillus du groupe flavus

Jacquet Jean, Tantaoui Elaraki Abdelrhani. Recherche d’un milieu synthétique pour la croissance et la toxicogenèse des Aspergillus du groupe flavus. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 128 n°9-10, 1975. pp. 457-466

Vegetative compatibility and pathogenicity of Verticillum dahliae isolates from olive (Olea europea)

Vegetative compatibility, determined by pairing auxotrophic mutants that are unable to utilize mineral nitrogen, was studied by means of 44 isolates of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. Thirty-seven isolates were collected from olive in the main areas in Morocco, 3 from Algerian olives, 2 from tomato, 1 from aubergine and 1 from olive-grove soil where Verticillium wilt was present. Approximately 475 mutants were used, allowing assignment of 34 isolates to 3 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). The VCGs of the remaining 10 isolates were not defined. The pathogenicity of ten isolates was assessed by inoculating olive plants with suspensions of conidia at 105 conidia ml-1. Highly significant differences in the pathogenic ability of the ten isolates were recorded. No relationship was found between VCGs and pathogenicity of isolates

Antibacterial effects and toxigenesis of Penicillium aurantiogriseum and P. viridicatum

The toxigenesis of one Penicillium aurantiogriseum and one Penicillium viridicatum isolates was investigated. Sterile culture filtrates of both fungi had a clear antibacterial effect only against Bacillus subtilis. The effect on B. subtilis varied with amount of filtrate used and temperature. The antibacterial activity of chloroform extracts varied with the nature of media used to grow the fungi. Different mycotoxins were identified in the fungal cultures using thin-layer chromatography. P. aurantiogriseumwas found to produce penicillic acid, terrestric acid and aurantiamine, while penicillic acid, terrestric acid, brevianamide A and xanthomegnin were produced by P. viridicatum

The susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains to essential oils of Rormarinus officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus

Essential oils are frequently used for flavour and fragrance in the perfume, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. They are also suitable raw material for production of new synthetic agents. The antibacterial activity of the essential oils obtained by steam distillation of Rosmarinus officinalis L and Eucalyptus globules collected in south Morocco was studied by micro-atmospheric technique against Escherichia coli CIP54127 and E. coli isolated from urine and resistant to several antibiotics. Both essential oils were effective against the two strains bacteria in particularly against E. coli CIP54127. MIQ of both oils ranged from 60 to 70 ìl for both bacteria. In conclusion, results show that essential oils are effective and could be considered as a natural antimicrobial source that can be used on production of natural antimicrobial agents

Studying the electron flow formation in magnetron guns with a secondary emission metallic cathode

Presented are the results of studies concerning the multybeams systems and considering the possibility to increase the output current amplitudes by changing the geometrical dimensions of guns