11 research outputs found

    Caractérisation De Quelques Légumes-Feuilles Les Plus Consommés Dans La Ville De Daloa (Centre-Ouest, Côte d’Ivoire)

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    L’objectif de cette Ă©tude a consistĂ© de recenser Ă  travers une enquĂŞte, les diffĂ©rentes espèces de lĂ©gumes-feuilles les plus consommĂ©s dans la ville de Daloa. Ensuite, dĂ©terminer quelques paramètres physico-chimiques, nutritionnels, antinutritionnels et antioxydants de ces lĂ©gumes-feuilles. L’enquĂŞte menĂ©e auprès de la population a permis d’identifier quatre lĂ©gumes-feuilles (,Ipomoea batatas L., Colocasia esculenta L., Spinacia oleracea L.et Manihot esculenta Crantz) qui ont Ă©tĂ© les plus consommĂ©s. Dix-neuf (19) paramètres regroupĂ©s en quatre (04) grands groupes [physico-chimiques (pH, aciditĂ©, humiditĂ© et degrĂ© Brix), composĂ©s biochimiques (fibres, lipides, protĂ©ines, glucides totaux, valeur Ă©nergĂ©tique, fer et calcium), composĂ©s antioxydants (vitamine C, flavonoĂŻde et polyphĂ©nols totaux) et composĂ©s antinutritionnels (oxalates, phytates, Oxalates/Calcium et Phytates/Fer)] ont fait l’objet d’analyse dans ces lĂ©gumes-feuilles. Les analyses effectuĂ©es indiquent des valeurs de pH (6,22 ± 0,02 Ă  6,67 ± 0,01) ; de taux d’humiditĂ© (78,02 ± 0,25 Ă  93,75 ± 0,12 %) et de cendre (0,79 ± 0,01 Ă  0,95 ± 0,01 %). Les minĂ©raux sont importants avec des teneurs en Fer (15,07 ± 0,24 Ă  40,06 ± 0,07 mg/100g) et en Calcium (111,02 ± 0,29 Ă  246,28 ± 0,67 mg/100g). Les analyses biochimiques indiquent de fortes teneurs en glucides (71,26 ± 0,25 Ă  90,85 ± 0,12 %), en protĂ©ines (1,82 ± 0,12 Ă  5,22 ± 0,18 %) et en fibres (0,55 ± 0,07 Ă  10,00 ± 0,14 %), mais de faibles teneurs en lipides (0,29 ± 0,02 Ă  0,69 ± 0,04 %). L’analyse des antioxydants a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la teneur en polyphĂ©nol (107,28 ± 0,74 Ă  195,34 ± 0,96 mg/100g) est supĂ©rieure Ă   celle de la vitamine C (22,92 ± 0,72 Ă  40,83 ± 0,72 mg/100g) et Ă  celle des flavonoĂŻdes (2,38 ± 0,32 Ă  7,73 ± 0,20 mg/100g) quel que soit le lĂ©gume Ă©tudiĂ©. L’analyse des composĂ©s antinutritionnels a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une teneur Ă©levĂ©e en oxalates (44,20 ± 1,27 Ă  64,75 ± 0,52 mg/100g) et en phytates (48,65 ± 0,87 Ă  65,75 ± 0,65 mg/100g) dans les quatre lĂ©gumes-feuilles. En somme, ces lĂ©gume-feuilles pourraient constituer un complĂ©ment alimentaire important, car ils sont une bonne source de minĂ©raux, de fibres, de glucides, de protĂ©ine et de composĂ©s antioxydants. The objective of this study was to identify through a survey, the different species of leafy vegetables most consumed in the city of Daloa. Then, to determine some physico-chemical, nutritional, antinutritional and antioxidant parameters of these leafy vegetables. The survey conducted among the population identified four leafy vegetables (,Ipomoea batatas L., Colocasia esculenta L., Spinacia oleracea L.and Manihot esculenta Crantz) that were the most consumed. Nineteen (19) parameters grouped into four (04) major groups [physico-chemical (pH, acidity, moisture and Brix degree), biochemical compounds (fiber, lipids, proteins, total carbohydrates, energy value, iron and calcium), antioxidant compounds (vitamin C, flavonoid and total polyphenols) and anti-nutritional compounds (oxalates, phytates, Oxalates/Calcium and Phytates/Iron)] were analyzed in these leafy vegetables. The analyses performed indicate values for pH (6.22 ± 0.02 to 6.67 ± 0.01); moisture content (78.02 ± 0.25 to 93.75 ± 0.12%) and ash (0.79 ± 0.01 to 0.95 ± 0.01%). Minerals are important with Iron (15.07 ± 0.24 to 40.06 ± 0.07 mg/100g) and Calcium (111.02 ± 0.29 to 246.28 ± 0.67 mg/100g) contents. Biochemical analyses indicate high levels of carbohydrates (71.26 ± 0.25 to 90.85 ± 0.12%), protein (1.82 ± 0.12 to 5.22 ± 0.18%) and fiber (0.55 ± 0.07 to 10.00 ± 0.14%), but low levels of lipids (0.29 ± 0.02 to 0.69 ± 0.04%). Antioxidant analysis revealed that polyphenol (107.28 ± 0.74 to 195.34 ± 0.96 mg/100g) is higher than vitamin C (22.92 ± 0.72 to 40.83 ± 0.72 mg/100g)  and flavonoids (2.38 ± 0.32 to 7.73 ± 0.20 mg/100g) in all vegetables. The analysis of anti-nutritional compounds revealed high levels of oxalates (44.20 ± 1.27 to 64.75 ± 0.52 mg/100g) and phytates (48.65 ± 0.87 to 65.75 ± 0.65 mg/100g) in all four leafy vegetables. In summary, these leafy greens could be an important dietary supplement because they are a good source of minerals, fibre, carbohydrates, protein and antioxidant compounds

    Etude comparée de l’efficacité des extraits aqueux de feuilles d’eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) et des graines de neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) contre les principaux ravageurs de chou

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    Cette étude a été conduite afin d’évaluer ’efficacité des extraits aqueux de feuilles d’eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) et des graines de neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) contre les principaux ravageurs de chou. A cet effet, une parcelle disposée en 3 blocs complets, randomisés et équilibrés constitués de 4 parcelles élémentaires correspondant à 3 traitements et 1 témoin sans traitement a servi de dispositif expérimental. Après analyse des résultats, il ressort que l’extrait de graines de neem a un effet significatif sur tous les ravageurs ciblés. L’extrait de feuilles d’eucalyptus s’est montré inefficace sur Plutella xylostella et Brevicoryne brassicae. L’insecticide de synthèse a eu un effet immédiat sur Brevicoryne brassicae, un effet remarquable sur Spodoptera littoralis, mais s’est montré moins efficace sur Hellula undalis et Plutella xylostella. Les meilleurs rendements ont été obtenus sur les parcelles élémentaires (PE) traitées avec l’extrait aqueux de graines de neem et la solution aqueuse de K-OPTIMAL. Des extraits aqueux de grains neem et des feuilles d’Eucalyptus camaldulensis ont été préparés séparément en introduisant respectivement 40 g dans 0,5litre d’eau et 22,5 g dans 0,5 litre d’eau, puis appliqués sur des cultures de chou en comparaison avec deux témoins dont un insecticide de synthèse le K-OPTIMAL dosé à 2ml/l et un témoin sans traitement. Contrairement aux extraits aqueux de feuilles d’Eucalyptus camaldulensis, les extraits de graines de neem, ont été efficace sur la plupart des ravageurs. Ces extraits peuvent donc être utilisés dans un programme de lutte intégrée contre les ravageurs majeurs du chou

    Characterization of Waste From Attiéké Factory: Case of Azito Village (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)

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    The control of the anaerobic digestion of cassava residues from attiéké factories requires their characterization to offer a better working environment to attiéké producers. This study concerns at first the quantity of solid residues of cassava, dough of crushed cassava and other waste generated by the process of attiéké production. The second aspect concerns the determination of some physicochemical parameters (COD, TKN, pH, COD/TKN). These two aspects were realized thanks to the use of a bag in synthetic fibers, a dynamometric steelyard with dial of diameter 17 cms, and the use of a gradual can of capacity 20 L. The results of this study showed that an average quantity of 1.53 tonne of manioc handled (treated) generates 1.14 m3 of effluents and 0.16 tonne of solid waste per day. These effluents are acid with a pH ranged between 2.54 and 4.80. So they have on average a DCO of 58.79 g/L for 0,71 g/L of nitrogen. All these parameters help control the optimal conditions of anaerobic digestion of cassava effluents in the manufacturing process of attiéké

    Influence of the cassava harvest month on the sensory parameters of attiéké

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    Cassava is an important staple food around the world, especially in Africa. It is cultivated throughout the Ivorian territory with predominance in the South. Due to the high demand, some producers opt for an early harvest, neglecting the impact of the harvest stage on the sensory parameters of cassava root derivatives. The objective of this work was to determine the stage of harvest allowing obtaining products of good sensory quality. The sensory characteristics of the attiéké were evaluated at different stages of harvest (11th, 12th, 13th and 14th months after planting the cuttings) of the cassava roots of the Yacé variety which were used for its production. The attiéké obtained in the twelfth month of harvest was generally much appreciated because it was less acidic, less fibrous and more homogeneous and had a better smell. Thus, cassava harvested in the twelfth month of cultivation makes it possible to obtain attiéké with the best sensory characteristics. Therefore, this stage of maturity of cassava roots is recommended for attiéké producers

    Activité Antifongique In Vitro des Extraits de Cinq Plantes Locales sur Colletotrichum Higginsianum, Fusarium Oxysporum et Rhizopus Stolonifer, Agents Pathogènes de la Papaye (Carica Papaya L.) et de la Tomate (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)

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    To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of plant extracts on the growth of fungal pathogens responsible for tropical fruit rot (papaya and tomato). Methanol, dichloromethane, and water distillated of Trichilia heudelotii, Nesogordonia papaverifera, Celtis mildbraedii, Cola gigantea and Triplochiton scleroxylon were tested on strains of isolated and identified fungi from fruits of papaya and tomato. Growth inhibition tests carried out made it possible to measure their level of resistance in presence of plant extracts. Tube reactions were performed for the detection of classes of phytochemicals compounds responsible for the activity of plant extracts. Antifungal tests revealed that the extracts of all plants were fungicidal at a concentration of 10 mg / mL on fungal Colletotrichum higginsianum, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer, pathogens of papaya and tomato. Fusarium oxysporum was the most sensitive strain to methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of the organs of all plants tested. Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, sterols and polyterpenes in the extracts of plant organs studied. The presence of these compounds may explain the antifungal activity of the extracts of these plants on all the selected strains. The use of plant extracts for the development of formulation technology of biofungicides for the control of post-harvest losses of papaya and tomato due to pathogens is proving to be a good alternative to the toxic chemicals products used for the conservation of these foods.Évaluer l’activité antifongique in vitro des extraits de plantes sur la croissance des pathogènes fongiques responsables de la pourriture des fruits tropicaux (papaye et tomate). Les extraits au méthanol, dichlorométhane, et à l’eau de Trichilia heudelotii, Nesogordonia papaverifera, Celtis mildbraedii, Cola gigantea et Triplochiton scleroxylon ont été testés sur des souches de champignons isolées et identifiées des fruits de papaye et de tomate. Les tests d’inhibition réalisés ont permis de mesurer leur niveau de résistance. Des réactions en tubes ont été effectuées pour la détection des classes de composés responsables de l'activité des extraits de plantes. Les tests antifongiques ont révélé que les extraits de toutes les plantes ont été fongicides à la concentration de 10 mg/mL sur les fongiques Colletotrichum higginsianum, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer, pathogènes de la papaye et de la tomate. Fusarium oxysporum a été la plus sensible des souches aux extraits méthanoliques et dichlorométhanes des organes de toutes les plantes. Les investigations phytochimiques ont révélé la présence de composés phénoliques et stérols et polyterpènes dans les extraits des divers organes de plantes étudiées. La présence de ces composés a permis d’expliquer l’activité antifongique des extraits de ces plantes sur l’ensemble des souches sélectionnées. L’utilisation des extraits de plantes pour la formulation de biofongicide dans le contrôle des pertes post-récoltes dues aux agents pathogènes de la papaye et de la tomate s’avère être une belle alternative aux produits chimiques toxiques utilisés pour la conservation de ces produits

    Phytochemical Properties and Proximate Composition of Papaya (Carica papaya L. var solo 8) Peels

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    Papaya (Carica papaya) is a common tropical fruit used for nutrition as well as medicinal purposes. Apart from fruit, seed, latex and other plant parts of papaya tree have been shown to have medicinal properties. Since, no systematic study has been performed on nutritional analysis of papaya (Carica papaya L. var solo 8) peels. In this study, the proximate composition, mineral element profile and phytochemical composition of papaya (Carica papaya L. var solo 8) peels were investigated. The peels were harvested fresh, dried in an oven at 45°C for 48 hours, ground and analyzed according to standard procedures. Proximate analysis showed high level of proteins (11.67 ± 0.04 %), crude fibre (32.51 ± 0.03 %), carbohydrate (47.33 ± 0.08 %), ash (5.98 ± 0.03 %) 0.03 %) and fat (2.51 ± 0.13 %). Mineral analysis indicated the papaya (Carica papaya L. var solo 8) peels were specifically rich in potassium and phosphorus. Potassium was found to be the most abundant mineral present in the peels (516.33 ± 0.82 mg/100g). Phytochemical composition showed high level of total phenolic (65.48 ± 0.39 mg (GAE)/100 g DW), flavonoids (5.58 ± 0.83 mg (QE)/100 g DW) and tannins (10.51 ± 0.93 mg (TAE)/100 g DW). The methanolic extracts of the papaya (Carica papaya L. var solo 8) peels exhibited the high DPPH radical scavenging activities (81.89 ± 0.14 %).These data indicated that this papaya (Carica papaya L. var solo 8) peels could constitute a potential good source of natural antioxidant for local population

    Effect of Harvest Date on Technological Yield and Evolution of Hydrocyanic Acid Loss Rate after Transformation of Cassava Root (Manihot Esculenta CRANTZ) from Yacé Variety by Placali and Attiéké Consumed in Côte d'Ivoire

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    In order to contribute to their better utilization and valorization, tuberous roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta CRANTZ) of the yace variety consumed in Côte d’Ivoire have drawn our attention. Four different harvest periods of these tuberous roots were used in the study. Cassava tubers were harvested at 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th months after planting. The hydrocyanic acid loss rate and technological yield after the transformation of cassava roots (harvested at the 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th months after planting) into placali and attiéké were investigated. The results showed that the products obtained with the 11 th month of harvest had the greatest losses. Peeling (29.59 % for attiéké and 36.68 % for placali) and pressing (33.32 % for attiéké and 34.56 % for placali) are the stages causing the most significant losses during the transformation of cassava roots into placali and attiéké. The technological yield increases with the harvest period and falls after the twelfth month. The maximum corresponding to the 12th month of harvest is 81.65 % for attiéké and 70.83 % for placali. Regarding the rate of loss of hydrocyanic acid, it was moreimportant at the eleventh month of harvest for placali and attiéké with respective values of 95.85 % and 94.11 %. Cassava tubers harvested at the 12th month after planting are therefore ideal for the production of attiéké and placali
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