Examining the Contribution of Critical Visualisation to Information Security

This paper examines the use of visualisations in the field of information security and in particular focuses on the practice of information security risk assessment. We examine the current roles of information security visualisations and place these roles in the wider information visualisation discourse.\ud We present an analytic lens which divides visualisations into three categories: journalistic, scientic and critical visualisations. We then present a case study that uses these three categories of visualisations to further support information security practice.\ud Two signicant results emerge from this case study: (1) visualisations that promote critical thinking and reflection (a form of critical visualisation) support the multi-stakeholder nature of risk assessment and (2) a preparatory stage in risk assessment is sometimes needed by service designers in order to establish the service design before conducting a formal risk assessment.\ud The reader is invited to explore the images in the digital version of this paper where they can zoom in to particular aspects of the images and view the images in colour

Zusammenfassungen der Tagungsbeiträge / 11. Symposium "Tektonik, Struktur- und Kristallingeologie" / Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 22. - 24. März 2006

Seit nunmehr 20 Jahren findet regelmäßig alle zwei Jahre das Symposium "Tektonik — Strukturgeologie — Kristallingeologie" (TSK) statt. Die Tagung soll insbesondere jungen Nachwuchswissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit bieten, ihre Ergebnisse zu diskutieren und einem breiten Fachpublikum vorzustellen. Dies ist natürlich besonders attraktiv, wenn auch die ‚alten Hasen‘ der Zunft eifrig dabei sind. In diesem Jahr wird schon TSK 11 — nach Tübingen, Erlangen, Graz, Frankfurt, Salzburg, Freiberg, Freiburg und Aachen nun zum zweiten Mal nach 1994 wieder in Göttingen durchgeführt. Wir freuen uns, auch dieses Mal wieder ein vielseitiges Tagungsprogramm präsentieren zu können. Die vorgestellten Arbeiten befassen sich mit Geländebeobachtungen, Laboranalysen und -experimenten bis hin zu Computermodellierungen. Im Maßstab reichen sie vom submikroskopischen Bereich bis hin zu ganzen Orogenen. Dabei werden sowohl duktile als auch spröde Deformationsprozesse beleuchtet. Regionale Geologie ist ebenso Thema wie auch eher angewandte Fragestellungen. Um die einzelnen Beiträge schnell auffinden zu können, wurden diese alphabetisch nach Erstautoren geordnet. Aus Zeitgründen konnte nur der kleinere Teil der mehr als einhundert eingegangen Beiträge in das Vortragsprogramm aufgenommen werden. Auf parallele Vortragssitzungen haben wir bewusst verzichtet. Besonderen Raum für anregende Diskussionen sollen auch die thematisch zusammengestellten Postersitzungen bieten, für die wir spezielle Zeiten eingeräumt haben. Hierzu werden Poster jeweils vorher im Plenum kurz vorgestellt. Die eingegangenen Manuskripte wurden, wie bei TSK üblich, für die Publikation keinem Gutachterverfahren unterzogen. Daher sind die jeweiligen Autoren allein für den Inhalt verantwortlich. ..

Multi-stage emplacement of the Götemar Pluton, SE Sweden: new evidence inferred from field observations and microfabric analysis, including cathodoluminescence microscopy

The emplacement of the Mesoproterozoic Götemar Pluton into Paleoproterozoic granitoid host rocks of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt is re-examined by microfabric analysis, including cathodoluminescence microscopy. Field data on the pluton-host rock system are used to strengthen the model. The Götemar Pluton, situated on the Baltic Shield of SE Sweden, is a horizontally zoned tabular structure that was constructed by the intrusion of successive pulses of magma with different crystal/melt ratios, at an estimated crustal depth of 4–8 km. Initial pluton formation involved magma ascent along a vertical dike, which was arrested at a mechanical discontinuity within the granitoid host rocks; this led to the formation of an initial sill. Subsequent sill stacking and their constant inflation resulted in deformation and reheating of existing magma bodies, which also raised the pluton roof. This multi-stage emplacement scenario is indicated by complex dike relationships and the occurrence of several generations of quartz (Si-metasomatism). The sills were charged by different domains of a heterogeneous magma chamber with varying crystal/melt ratios. Ascent or emplacement of magma with a high crystal/melt ratio is indicated by syn-magmatic deformation of phenocrysts. Complex crystallization fabrics (e.g. oscillatory growth zoning caused by high crystal defect density, overgrowth and replacement features, resorbed and corroded crystal cores, rapakivi structure) are mostly related to processes within the main chamber, that is repeated magma mixing or water influx

Evolution and structure of the Upper Rhine Graben — quantitative insights from numerical modelling approaches

The Upper Rhine Graben forms the major segment of the Cenozoic Rift system of Western Europe. Although the rift was the target of many seismic and geological investigations, the style of lithospheric extension below the inferred faults, the depth to detachment, and the amounts of horizontal extension and lateral translation are still being debated. In this study, the date base to the Upper Rhine Graben was subjected to a finite element approach in order to include thermomechanical processes of the lithosphere as well as erosion and sedimentation. The study concentrated on the consequences of extension and lateral translational events on the structure and evolution in terms of basin geometry, sediment layer thicknesses, Moho elevation, and shoulder uplift on a lithospheric scale. The numerical approach was three dimensional in order to incorporate the lateral crustal heterogenities in the Upper Rhine area and the varying ambient stress field...conferenc

Aktueller geologischer Kenntnisstand zur Leinetalgrabenstruktur

kein Abstract vorhande

Urban agriculture and Anopheles habitats in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

A cross-sectional survey of agricultural areas, combined with routinely monitored mosquito larval information, was conducted in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to investigate how agricultural and geographical features may influence the presence of Anopheles larvae. Data were integrated into a geographical information systems framework, and predictors of the presence of Anopheles larvae in farming areas were assessed using multivariate logistic regression with independent random effects. It was found that more than 5% of the study area (total size 16.8 km2) was used for farming in backyard gardens and larger open spaces. The proportion of habitats containing Anopheles larvae was 1.7 times higher in agricultural areas compared to other areas (95% confidence interval = 1.56-1.92). Significant geographic predictors of the presence of Anopheles larvae in gardens included location in lowland areas, proximity to river, and relatively impermeable soils. Agriculture-related predictors comprised specific seedbed types, mid-sized gardens, irrigation by wells, as well as cultivation of sugar cane or leafy vegetables. Negative predictors included small garden size, irrigation by tap water, rainfed production and cultivation of leguminous crops or fruit trees. Although there was an increased chance of finding Anopheles larvae in agricultural sites, it was found that breeding sites originated by urban agriculture account for less than a fifth of all breeding sites of malaria vectors in Dar es Salaam. It is suggested that strategies comprising an integrated malaria control effort in malaria-endemic African cities include participatory involvement of farmers by planting shade trees near larval habitats

Application of Photogrammetry in Geology: 3D Investigation of Rock Fracture Distributions

Geology as a science has an important visual component and the knowledge of any geologist is deeply linked to visual experience of rock outcrops, thin sections and analytical images. One of the shortcomings of most geological images such as maps, cross sections and outcrop photographs is that they are 2D, while processes geologists are interested in are typically occurring in 3D space. The 3D geometry of faults, fractures and joints is crucial to quantify geological processes related to fracture mechanics, such as hydrothermal mineralization and ground water flow, but also geotechnical problems such as rock mass stability. A number of studies have shown that some geological structures can be described with a scale invariant, fractal distribution. So far these observations on which these findings are based were restricted to one and two dimensions and has been difficult to obtain a full spatial geometric picture of fracture sets from rock outcrops, because much of the rock is not directly accessible. However, without taking into account the spatial distribution of geological structures the true geometry of joint patterns cannot be fully described and scaling laws, fractal or not, cannot be derived. We present images of joint patterns based on datasets acquired by digital photographs which are processed to three dimensional images using the photogrammetry software Siro3D. This technique allows to obtain a highly accurate 3D picture of the visible outcrop. The spatial pattern of joints in nature is investigated using the software SiroJoint. For the analysis of joint systems a large data set was collected from the Heavitree Quarzite at Ormiston Gorge, near Alice Springs. The Heavitree Quartzite is fragmented by a spectacularly regular three-dimensional joint pattern, which is repeated at different scales and therefore represents a perfect laboratory for our investigations (Hobbs 1993). Siro3D generates a spatially fully referenced 3D image from overlapping digital images, such that each pixel of the image is assigned spatial coordinates. The software SiroJoint routinely constructs planes from the intersection of the rock-face with the linear trace of planar features (Poropat 2001). It provides stereographic plots of structural elements and additionally measures joint persistence, area, and joint spacing. Our measurements allow to analyse geometrical scaling relationships of joint sets with high accuracy and will help explore the character of their 3D complexity. Several hundred joint planes were defined with SiroJoint in an Ormiston Gorge outcrop. Three different joint sets can be distinguished. Joint set one and two are characterized by steeply inclined planes with joint spacings ranging between 2 cm to 40 cm and 2 cm to 10m respectively. Both joints sets depict a power law distribution in joint spacing/frequency plots. The third set is defined by a subhorizontal orientation. It shows a very regular spacing in the meter scale and lacks an exponential distribution. We intend to use the results as a basis to compare observed fracture pattern with those generated by computational methods like Iterated Function Systems. This might help to understand how physical rock properties influence the spatial complexity of fracture systems and develop constitutive scaling relationships for certain rock types.conferenc

Kinematics of the SEMPfault in the western Tauern Window (Stillupp Valley)

The working area is located in the Stillupp Valley (Tirol, Austria), where the western termination of the SEMPfault (Salzach, Ennstal, Mariazell, Puchberg), overprints the northernmost margin of the Zentralgneiss. This sinistral shearzone, which has a length of about 300 km, and causes a lateral displacement of 60km (Linzer et al. 2002), marks part of the northern border of the Tauern Window...conferenc

Holocene shield volcanoes in Iceland

Holocene shield volcanoes (lava shields) are common in Iceland, but they are restricted in space and time. As regards space, most of the shield volcanoes in Iceland occur within two bands in the West and North Volcanic Zones. There are no shields in the East Volcanic Zone apart from the island of Surtsey. The shields are mostly at the margins of or outside the volcanic systems. As regards time, many Holocene shield volcanoes formed some 5000–10000 years ago during early postglacial time. Apart from the shield on top of the island of Surtsey, there are no known shields in Iceland younger than about 3500B.P....conferenc