1,438 research outputs found
The effect of supersymmetry breaking in the Mass Varying Neutrinos
We discuss the effect of the supersymmetry breaking on the Mass Varying
Neutrinos(MaVaNs) scenario. Especially, the effect mediated by the
gravitational interaction between the hidden sector and the dark energy sector
is studied. A model including a chiral superfield in the dark sector and the
right handed neutrino superfield is proposed. Evolutions of the neutrino mass
and the equation of state parameter are presented in the model. It is remarked
that only the mass of a sterile neutrino is variable in the case of the
vanishing mixing between the left-handed and a sterile neutrino on cosmological
time scale. The finite mixing makes the mass of the left-handed neutrino
variable.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX4, references added, discussions and
figures revise
Examining the Geometrical Model with Inverted Mass Hierarchy for Neutrinos
The comprehensive analyses are presented in the model with the inverted mass
hierarchy for neutrinos, which follows from a geometrical structure of a (1+5)
dimensional space-time where two extra dimensions are compactified on the
T^2/Z_3 orbifold. The model gives two large lepton flavor mixings due to the S3
structure in the (1+5) dimensional space-time. It also predicts the lightest
neutrino mass as m_3=(1-50)\times 10^{-5}eV and the effective neutrino mass
responsible for neutrinoless double beta decays as _{ee}\simeq 50 meV. The
low energy CP violation, J_{CP} could be 0.02. On the other hand, the observed
baryon asymmetry in the present universe is produced by the non-thermal
leptogenesis, which works even at the reheating temperature
TR=10^{4}-10^{6}GeV. The correlation between the baryon asymmetry and the low
energy CP violation is examined in this model.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, a reference is added, minor change in
introductio
Scalar fields on SL(2,R) and H^2 x R geometric spacetimes and linear perturbations
Using appropriate harmonics, we study the future asymptotic behavior of
massless scalar fields on a class of cosmological vacuum spacetimes. The
spatial manifold is assumed to be a circle bundle over a higher genus surface
with a locally homogeneous metric. Such a manifold corresponds to the
SL(2,R)-geometry (Bianchi VIII type) or the H^2 x R-geometry (Bianchi III
type). After a technical preparation including an introduction of suitable
harmonics for the circle-fibered Bianchi VIII to separate variables, we derive
systems of ordinary differential equations for the scalar field. We present
future asymptotic solutions for these equations in a special case, and find
that there is a close similarity with those on the circle-fibered Bianchi III
spacetime. We discuss implications of this similarity, especially to
(gravitational) linear perturbations. We also point out that this similarity
can be explained by the "fiber term dominated behavior" of the two models.Comment: 23 pages, no figures, to be published in Class. Quant. Gravi
Resonant growth of stellar oscillations by incident gravitational waves
Stellar oscillation under the combined influences of incident gravitational
wave and radiation loss is studied in a simple toy model. The star is
approximated as a uniform density ellipsoid in the Newtonian gravity including
radiation damping through quadrupole formula. The time evolution of the
oscillation is significantly controlled by the incident wave amplitude ,
frequency and damping time . If a combination
exceeds a threshold value, which depends on the resonance mode, the resonant
growth is realized.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for the publication in Classical and
Quantum Gravit
A model independent and rephase invariant parametrization of CP violation
The phenomenological description of the neutral B meson system is proposed in
terms of the fundamental CP-violating observables and within a rephasing
invariant formalism. This generic formalism can select the time-dependent and
time-integrated asymmetries which provide the basic tools to discriminate the
different kinds of possible CP-violating effects in dedicated experimental
B-meson facilities.Comment: 19 pages, Plain Te
Is CP Violation Observable in Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments ?
We have studied CP violation originated by the phase of the neutrino mixing
matrix in the long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. The direct
measurements of CP violation is the difference of the transition probabilities
between CP-conjugate channels. In those experiments, the CP violating effect is
not suppressed if the highest neutrino mass scale is taken to be 1\sim 5 \eV,
which is appropriate for the cosmological hot dark matter. Assuming the
hierarchy for the neutrino masses, the upper bounds of CP violation have been
caluculated for three cases, in which mixings are constrained by the recent
short baseline ones. The calculated upper bounds are larger than ,
which will be observable in the long baseline accelerator experiments. The
matter effect, which is not CP invariant, has been also estimated in those
experiments.Comment: 28 pages, LaTex file, 6 figures included using epsfig Matter effect
is estimated(Figs.3(a) (b)). Physical parameters are change
CP Violation and Matter Effect in Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments
We show simple methods how to separate pure CP violating effect from matter
effect in long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments with three generations
of neutrinos. We give compact formulae for neutrino oscillation probabilities
assuming one of the three neutrino masses (presumably tau-neutrino mass) to be
much larger than the other masses and the effective mass due to matter effect.
Two methods are shown: One is to observe envelopes of the curves of oscillation
probabilities as functions of neutrino energy; a merit of this method is that
only a single detector is enough to determine the presence of CP violation. The
other is to compare experiments with at least two different baseline lengths;
this has a merit that it needs only narrow energy range of oscillation data.Comment: 17 pages + 9 eps figures, LaTeX, errors are correcte
Natural Neutrino Mass Matrix
Naturalness of the neutrino mass hierarchy and mixing is studied. First we
select among 12 neutrino mixing patterns a few patterns, which could form the
natural neutrino mass matrix. Further we show that if the Dirac neutrino mass
matrix is taken as the natural one in the quark sector, then only two mixing
patterns without the large mixing lead to the natural right-handed Majorana
mass matrix. The rest of the chosen patterns with three degenerate mass
solution lead to the unnatural right-handed Majorana mass matrix in the see-saw
mechanism. Notice however, that for the chosen two natural patterns there could
be a huge mass hierarchy such as in order to reproduce
the inverse mass hierarchy of the light neutrinos.Comment: 31 pages, LaTex file, no figures, arguments made more clear, main
conclusions unchanged, version accepted for publication in PRD Reort-no:
Lund-Mph-97/14 Revise
Leptogenesis in Neutrino Textures with Two Zeros
The leptogenesis is studied in the neutrino textures with two zeros, which
reduce the number of independent phases of the CP violation. The
phenomenological favored neutrino textures with two zeros are decomposed into
the Dirac neutrino mass matrix and the right-handed Majorana one in the see-saw
mechanism. Putting the condition to suppress the decay
enough, the texture zeros of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix are fixed in the
framework of the MSSM with right-handed neutrinos. These textures have only one
CP violatig phase. The magnitude of each entry of the Dirac mass matrix is
determined in order to explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe by solving
the Boltzman equations. The relation between the leptogenesis and the low
energy CP violation is presented in these textures.Comment: Latex file with 20 pages, 6 eps figure
Arctic air pollution: Challenges and opportunities for the next decade
The Arctic is a sentinel of global change. This region is influenced by multiple physical and socio-economic drivers and feedbacks, impacting both the natural and human environment. Air pollution is one such driver that impacts Arctic climate change, ecosystems and health but significant uncertainties still surround quantification of these effects. Arctic air pollution includes harmful trace gases (e.g. tropospheric ozone) and particles (e.g. black carbon, sulphate) and toxic substances (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) that can be transported to the Arctic from emission sources located far outside the region, or emitted within the Arctic from activities including shipping, power production, and other industrial activities. This paper qualitatively summarizes the complex science issues motivating the creation of a new international initiative, PACES (air Pollution in the Arctic: Climate, Environment and Societies). Approaches for coordinated, international and interdisciplinary research on this topic are described with the goal to improve predictive capability via new understanding about sources, processes, feedbacks and impacts of Arctic air pollution. Overarching research actions are outlined, in which we describe our recommendations for 1) the development of trans-disciplinary approaches combining social and economic research with investigation of the chemical and physical aspects of Arctic air pollution; 2) increasing the quality and quantity of observations in the Arctic using long-term monitoring and intensive field studies, both at the surface and throughout the troposphere; and 3) developing improved predictive capability across a range of spatial and temporal scales
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