SFM-IV Method for Characterizing Sub-Surface Interfaces of Semiconductor Devices(Interfaces by various techniques)

We demonstrate that a novel method of current-voltage (I-V) spectra measurement by scanning force microscopy (SFM) reveals subsurface local electrical characteristics of resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) on a nanometer scale. Measured SFM I-V spectra of RTDs show negative differential resistance features, and the spatial resolution of this method was found to be 20 nm. Experimental evidence for the quantized nature of an SFM pointcontact was observed for the first time. High spatial resolution of this method was confirmed by a simple calculation for the area of current flow through RTD

High-field magnetization and magnetic phase transition in CeOs2Al10

We have studied the magnetization of CeOs2Al10 in high magnetic fields up to 55 T for H // a and constructed the magnetic phase diagram for H // a. The magnetization curve shows a concave H dependence below T_max \sim40 K which is higher than the transition temperature T_0 \sim29 K. The magnetic susceptibility along the a-axis shows a smooth and continuous decrease down to \sim20 K below T_max \sim40 K without showing an anomaly at T_0. From these two results, a Kondo singlet is formed below T_max and coexists with the antiferro magnetic order below T_0. We also propose that the larger suppression of the spin degrees of freedom along the a-axis than along the c-axis below T_max is associated with the origin of the antiferro magnetic component.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B, Rapid Commu

High-field magnetization and magnetic phase transition in CeOs2Al10

We have studied the magnetization of CeOs2Al10 in high magnetic fields up to 55 T for H // a and constructed the magnetic phase diagram for H // a. The magnetization curve shows a concave H dependence below T_max \sim40 K which is higher than the transition temperature T_0 \sim29 K. The magnetic susceptibility along the a-axis shows a smooth and continuous decrease down to \sim20 K below T_max \sim40 K without showing an anomaly at T_0. From these two results, a Kondo singlet is formed below T_max and coexists with the antiferro magnetic order below T_0. We also propose that the larger suppression of the spin degrees of freedom along the a-axis than along the c-axis below T_max is associated with the origin of the antiferro magnetic component.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B, Rapid Commu

High Plasma Docosahexaenoic Acid Associated to Better Prognoses of Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

The clinical relevance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in heart failure remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PUFA levels and the prognosis of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This retrospective study included 140 hospitalized patients with acute decompensated HFpEF (median age 84.0 years, 42.9% men). The patients' nutritional status was assessed, using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and their plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) were measured before discharge. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. During a median follow-up of 23.3 months, the primary outcome occurred in 37 patients (26.4%). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that lower DHA and DGLA levels, but not EPA or AA levels, were significantly associated with an increase in all-cause death (log-rank; p < 0.001 and p = 0.040, respectively). A multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed that DHA levels were significantly associated with the incidence of all-cause death (HR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.44, p = 0.001), independent of the GNRI. Our results suggest that low plasma DHA levels may be a useful predictor of all-cause mortality and potential therapeutic target in patients with acute decompensated HFpEF

CP Violation and Matter Effect in Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments

We show simple methods how to separate pure CP violating effect from matter effect in long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments with three generations of neutrinos. We give compact formulae for neutrino oscillation probabilities assuming one of the three neutrino masses (presumably tau-neutrino mass) to be much larger than the other masses and the effective mass due to matter effect. Two methods are shown: One is to observe envelopes of the curves of oscillation probabilities as functions of neutrino energy; a merit of this method is that only a single detector is enough to determine the presence of CP violation. The other is to compare experiments with at least two different baseline lengths; this has a merit that it needs only narrow energy range of oscillation data.Comment: 17 pages + 9 eps figures, LaTeX, errors are correcte

CP violation effects and high energy neutrinos

This work discusses critically the prospects of measuring CP and T violation effects in high energy neutrino factories. For this purpose we develop, in the standard framework with three neutrino flavors, simple expressions for the oscillation probabilities in matter that are valid for high E_nu. All CP violating effects vanish as E_nu^(-3) and are very difficult to detect with high energy neutrinos. A significantly easier task is the determination of the absolute value |delta| of the phase in the neutrino mixing matrix that controls the CP and T violation effects, performing precision measurements of the CP and T conserving part of the oscillation probabilities.Comment: Latex, 46 pages, 15 figure