Los Hongos gelatinosos (Exidiopsis, Tremella y Dacrymyces) que descomponen la madera muerta de Cistus, en Cataluña

. Els fong s gelatinosos (Exidiopsis, Tremella i Dacrymyces) que descomponen la fusta morta de Cistus, a Catalunya. Dues tremellals, Exidiopsis effusa i Tremella obscura i tres dacrimicetals, Dacrymyces adpressus, D. ovisporus i D. stillatus han estat recollectats sobre fusta de Cistus en descomposició. S'ofereix una descripció, i dibuixos originals, i les dades del material estudiat (distribució, ecologia i fenologia). No sembla que cap de les espècies estigui exclusivament associada a Cistus, però Exidiopsis effusa fructifica amb una freqüència força més gran sobre aquest substrat que sobre fusta d'altres planifolis.Jelly fungi (Exidiopsis, Tremella and Dacrymyces) found on decaying dead wood of Cistus, in Catalonia. Two Tremellales, Exidiopsis effusa and Tremella obscura, and three Dacrymycetales Dacrymyces adpressus, D. Ovisporus and D. Stillatus have been collected on decaying wood of Cistus. We give an original description and drawings of each of them, and data on the collected material (distribution, ecology and phenology). None of them seems to be exclusively linked to Cistus, but Exidiopsis effusa appears much more frequently on this substrate than on decaying wood of other broad-leaved plants.Los hongos gelatinosos (Exidiopsis, Tremella y Dacrymyces) que descomponen la madera muerta de Cistus, en Cataluña. Dos Tremelales, Exidiopsis effusa y Tremella obscura y tres Dacrimicetales Dacrymyces adpressus, D. Ovisporus y D. Stillatus han sido encontrados sobre madera de Cistus en descomposición. Se ofrece su descripción y dibujos originales, y los datos del material estudiado (distribución, ecología, fenología). No parece que ninguna de las especies vaya exclusivamente ligada a Cistus, pero Exidiopsis effusa fructifica con mucha mayor frecuencia sobre este substrato que sobre madera de otros planifolios

El Cultiu casolà de la gírgola (Pleurotus ostreatus) : alguns mètodes senzills

El cultiu casolà de la gírgola (Pleurotus ostreatus). Alguns mètodes senzills. Presentem alguns mètodes de cultiu de la gírgola (P. Ostreatus), que hem provat personalment. Es comenten tres tipus de substrat de fructificació (rotlle de paper higiènic, palla i marro de cafè) i es descriu el procés d'obtenció de miceli, la inoculació i possibles problemes que ens podem trobar durant el cultiu.Homemade culture of oyster cap mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Some simple methods. Some simple methods of oyster cap mushroom culture are presented, after being tested by the author. The results of using three different fruiting substrates (hygienic paper, cereal straw, and coffee sediment) are discussed. Comments are afforded on methods to obtain mycelium in agar media, and also on inoculation processes and on eventual troubles arising during the culture process.El cultivo casero del Pleurotus ostreatus. Algunos métodos sencillos. Presentamos algunos métodos de cultivo del P. ostreatus, puestos a prueba personalmente. Se comentan tres tipos de substrato de fructificación (papel higiénico, paja y poso de café) y se describe la manera de obtener micelio, la inoculación y los problemas que podemos encontrarnos en el proceso de cultivo

El Cultiu casolà de la gírgola (Pleurotus ostreatus) : alguns mètodes senzills

El cultiu casolà de la gírgola (Pleurotus ostreatus). Alguns mètodes senzills. Presentem alguns mètodes de cultiu de la gírgola (P. Ostreatus), que hem provat personalment. Es comenten tres tipus de substrat de fructificació (rotlle de paper higiènic, palla i marro de cafè) i es descriu el procés d'obtenció de miceli, la inoculació i possibles problemes que ens podem trobar durant el cultiu.Homemade culture of oyster cap mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Some simple methods. Some simple methods of oyster cap mushroom culture are presented, after being tested by the author. The results of using three different fruiting substrates (hygienic paper, cereal straw, and coffee sediment) are discussed. Comments are afforded on methods to obtain mycelium in agar media, and also on inoculation processes and on eventual troubles arising during the culture process.El cultivo casero del Pleurotus ostreatus. Algunos métodos sencillos. Presentamos algunos métodos de cultivo del P. ostreatus, puestos a prueba personalmente. Se comentan tres tipos de substrato de fructificación (papel higiénico, paja y poso de café) y se describe la manera de obtener micelio, la inoculación y los problemas que podemos encontrarnos en el proceso de cultivo

Los Hongos gelatinosos (Exidiopsis, Tremella y Dacrymyces) que descomponen la madera muerta de Cistus, en Cataluña

. Els fong s gelatinosos (Exidiopsis, Tremella i Dacrymyces) que descomponen la fusta morta de Cistus, a Catalunya. Dues tremel•lals, Exidiopsis effusa i Tremella obscura i tres dacrimicetals, Dacrymyces adpressus, D. ovisporus i D. stillatus han estat recol•lectats sobre fusta de Cistus en descomposició. S'ofereix una descripció, i dibuixos originals, i les dades del material estudiat (distribució, ecologia i fenologia). No sembla que cap de les espècies estigui exclusivament associada a Cistus, però Exidiopsis effusa fructifica amb una freqüència força més gran sobre aquest substrat que sobre fusta d'altres planifolis.Los hongos gelatinosos (Exidiopsis, Tremella y Dacrymyces) que descomponen la madera muerta de Cistus, en Cataluña. Dos Tremelales, Exidiopsis effusa y Tremella obscura y tres Dacrimicetales Dacrymyces adpressus, D. Ovisporus y D. Stillatus han sido encontrados sobre madera de Cistus en descomposición. Se ofrece su descripción y dibujos originales, y los datos del material estudiado (distribución, ecología, fenología). No parece que ninguna de las especies vaya exclusivamente ligada a Cistus, pero Exidiopsis effusa fructifica con mucha mayor frecuencia sobre este substrato que sobre madera de otros planifolios.Jelly fungi (Exidiopsis, Tremella and Dacrymyces) found on decaying dead wood of Cistus, in Catalonia. Two Tremellales, Exidiopsis effusa and Tremella obscura, and three Dacrymycetales Dacrymyces adpressus, D. Ovisporus and D. Stillatus have been collected on decaying wood of Cistus. We give an original description and drawings of each of them, and data on the collected material (distribution, ecology and phenology). None of them seems to be exclusively linked to Cistus, but Exidiopsis effusa appears much more frequently on this substrate than on decaying wood of other broad-leaved plants

Alguns fongs corticioides trobats a les comunitats de Cistus de Catalunya

Algunos hongos corticioides encontrados en las comunidades de Cistus de Cataluña. Se citan o comentan 24 especies de afiloforales de himenio liso encontradas sobre madera o hojas de Cistus en descompo sición . Se aportan dibujos de los caracteres microscópicos de algunos de los taxones. Proponemos una clave de identificación provisional para las especies estudiadas. Entre los taxones citados destacamos por su frecuencia: Vuilleminia macrospora, Radulomyees confluens,Athelia mutabilis, A. galzinii, Phanerochaete ericina, P. Martelliana y P. tuberculata.Alguns fongs corticioides trobats a les comunitats de Cistus de Catalunya. Es citen o comenten 24 espècies d'afil·loforats d'himeni llis trobades sobre fusta o fulles de Cistus en descomposició. S'aporten dibuixos dels caràcters microscòpics d'alguns dels tàxons. Proposem una clau d'identificació provisional adaptada a les espècies estudiades. D'entre els tàxons citats destaquem, per la seva freqüència: Vuilleminia macrospora, Radulomyees confluens,Athelia mutabilis, A. galzinii, Phanerochaete ericina, P. Martelliana i P. tuberculata.fungal community, Cistion, Cistus, rockrose bushes, Catalonia, Spain

Main results of the Russian-Catalan mycological survey, in the western Catalan Pyrenees: alpine and subalpine belt

Es va organitzar una visita de dos micòlogues de l’Institut Komarov (Sant Petersburg), que va coincidir amb unes condicions especialment favorables per a l’estudi dels fongs de comunitats alpines i subalpines, especialment prats i rasos. Entre la vall de Ribes (Pardines i Núria, Girona) i l’alta vall de la Noguera Pallaresa (Lleida), es prospectaren nombroses localitats, entre 1300 i 2200 m s.n.m. Una selecció de les espècies més interessants és la següent: Bryoglossum gracile, Hodophilus foetens, Entoloma azureopallidum, E. aranense, E. catalaunicum, E. glaucobasis, E. glaucodubium, E. linkii, E. minutigranulosum, E. montanum, E. muscoalpinum, E. porphyrogriseum, Hygrocybe turunda, Rhizomarasmius epidryas, Rhodophana nitellina.A visit of two mycologists from the Komarov Institute (St. Petersburg) was organized, which coincided with particularly favorable conditions for the study of fungi from alpine and subalpine communities, especially meadows. Between the valley of Ribes (Pardines and Núria, Girona) and the high valley of the Noguera Pallaresa (Lleida), numerous localities were prospected, between 1300 and 2200 m a.s.l. A selection of the most interesting species is as follows: Bryoglossum gracile, Hodophilus foetens, Entoloma azureopallidum, E. aranense, E. catalaunicum, E. glaucobasis, E. glaucodubium, E. linkii, E. minutigranulosum, E. montanum, E. muscoalpinum, E. porphyrogriseum, Hygrocybe turunda, Rhizomarasmius epidryas, Rhodophana nitellina

Consumption of aspartame and other artificial sweeteners and risk of cancer in the Spanish multicase‐control study (MCC‐Spain)

Use of artificial sweeteners (AS) such as aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin and sucralose is widespread. We evaluated the association of use of aspartame and other AS with cancer. In total 1881 colorectal, 1510 breast, 972 prostate and 351 stomach cancer and 109 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cases and 3629 population controls from the Spanish Multicase-Control (MCC-Spain) study were recruited (2008-2013). The consumption of AS, from table-top sweeteners and artificially sweetened beverages, was assessed through a self-administered and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Sex-specific quartiles among controls were determined to compare moderate consumers ( third quartile) vs non consumers (reference category), distinguishing aspartame-containing products and other AS. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted OR and 95%CI, and results were stratified by diabetes status. Overall, we found no associations between the consumption of aspartame or other AS and cancer. Among participants with diabetes, high consumption of other AS was associated with colorectal cancer (OR=1.58, 95% CI 1.05-2.41, P trend=.03) and stomach cancer (OR=2.27 [0.99-5.44], P trend=.06). High consumption of aspartame, was associated with stomach cancer (OR=2.04 [0.7-5.4], P trend=.05), while a lower risk was observed for breast cancer (OR=0.28 [0.08-0.83], P trend=.03). In some cancers, the number of cases in participants with diabetes were small and results should be interpreted cautiously. We did not find associations between use of AS and cancer, but found associations between high consumption of aspartame and other AS and different cancer types among participants with diabetes

IBCAEL: Evaluación del estado ecológico de los lagos españoles mediante invertebrados bentónicos

Màster oficial: Aigua. Anàlisi Interdisciplinària i Gestió Sostenible. Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua, curs: 2010-2011, dirigit per: Miguel Alonso, tutor: Joan Armengol BacheroEl objetivo general de la Directiva Marco del Agua (2000/60/CE) es lograr el ¿buen estado ecológico¿ y el ¿buen estado químico¿ de todas las masas de agua superficial en todos los Estados miembros en el 2015. Para ello, la DMA requiere la clasificación de las masas de agua superficial a través de la evalua-ción del estado ecológico o potencial ecológico y el estado químico. En el Anexo V de la DMA se definen los indicadores de calidad que deben de ser utilizados para la evaluación del estado/ potencial ecológico. En este trabajo se propone el índice IBCAEL para evaluar el elemento de calidad biológica ¿Composición y abundancia de fauna bentónica de invertebrados¿ en las masas de agua de la tipología lago en Espa-ña. Para la elaboración del presente estudio se contó con 360 inventarios de invertebrados bentónicos procedentes de 128 masas de agua, entre los años 2006 a 2009. Los lagos españoles se agruparon en 9 grupos IBCAEL de los cuales se hallaron los taxones con valor indicador y sus puntuaciones, y se esta-blecieron las condiciones de referencia. Finalmente, se establecieron los valores frontera para cada gru-po según los niveles de calidad requeridos por la DMA

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)