On Generalised Free Products of Conjugacy Separable Groups

AbstractIn this paper we prove that a free product of conjugacy separable groupsAandB, amalgamating a cyclic subgroup, is conjugacy separable ifAandBare subgroup separable, cyclic conjugacy separable, 2-free, and residuallyp-finite, for all prime numbersp. The following result is an example of the applications we obtain as consequences of our main theorem. LetAandBeach be a free product of surface groups, amalgamating a maximal cyclic subgroup. Then a free product ofAandB, amalgamating a cyclic subgroup, is conjugacy separable

REMOVED: Reverse Solute Diffusion and its Adverse Effect on Osmotic Power Production in Pressure Retarded Osmosis

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).This article has been removed at the request of the Executive Publisher.This article has been removed because it was published without the permission of the author(s)

Animal Models of Diabetic Retinopathy (Part 2)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of preventable vision impairment and blindness in the working-age population worldwide. Numerous animal models have been developed for therapeutic drug screening and to further increase our understanding of the molecular and cellular pathological processes involved in DR. Following our discussion of mouse models in “Animal Models of Diabetic Retinopathy Part 1,” we describe the cellular, molecular, and morphological features of both rodent and nonrodent models of DR and their respective advantages and limitations in this chapter. To date, no animal model can holistically reproduce the pathological progression of human DR; most only display early or advanced lesions of DR. However, a thorough understanding of genotypic and phenotypic expressions of existing models will facilitate researchers’ selection of the appropriate model to simulate their desired clinical scenarios

Separability Properties of Certain Tree Products of Groups

AbstractWe introduce the concept of finite compatibility to prove certain double coset separability of tree products of central subgroup separable groups. We also prove a criterion for the conjugacy separability of generalized free products of two conjugacy separable groups amalgamating a central subgroup in one of the factors. Using this we prove that tree products of finitely many central subgroup separable and conjugacy separable groups are conjugacy separable. We apply the results to polycyclic-by-finite groups and groups of linkages of torus knots

ANALYSIS OF THE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND THE CONTROLLING BALANCE DURING KICK MOVEMENT OF TAI-CHI CHUAN

The purpose of this study was to compare the pressure distribution patterns of the stable kick and unstable kick from the kick movement of a Tai-Chi Chuan athlete. A national elite female Tai-Chi Chuan athlete was the subject for this study. The Tekscan HR Mat Pressure Measurement System was used to collect the vertical ground reaction force and the pressure history of the standing foot in right kicking movement and left kicking movement. All the data of the standing foot were divided into metatarsals, tarsals and phalanges to calculate the partial force and partial pressure. The pressure-time diagram of the phalanges, metatarsals and tarsals indicated that the pressure histories trended to be stable in each time as the lefl kick completed, and the phalanges produced 'snatchy' and larger pressures acting on the ground

Characterization of Pneumatic Artificial Muscle System in an Opposing Pair Configuration

Pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) is a pneumatic actuator that commonly used in the biomimetic robotic devices in rehabilitation applications due to its advantageous in high powerto-weight ratio and high degree of safety in use characteristics. Several techniques exist in the literature for the PAM system modeling, and these include theoretical modeling, phenomenological modeling and empirical modeling. This paper focuses on explaining the experimental setup of an opposing pair configuration of PAM system, and gives an analysis of the pneumatic muscle system dynamic in the theoretical modeling. The simulated dynamic model is compared with the actual PAM system for the validation in the open-loop step and sinusoidal positioning responses and pressures. It is concluded that the simulation result is verified and agreed with the actual system

ENVIRONMENTAL SURROUNDINGS AND PERSONAL WELL-BEING IN URBAN CHINA

We examine the relationship between atmospheric pollution, water pollution, traffic congestion, access to parkland and personal well-being using a survey administered across six Chinese cities in 2007. In contrast to existing studies of the determinants of well-being by economists, which have typically employed single item indicators to measure well-being, we use the Personal Well-Being Index (PWI). We also employ the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) to measure job satisfaction, which is one of the variables for which we control when examining the relationship between environmental surroundings and personal well-being. Previous research by psychologists has shown the PWI and JSS to have good psychometric properties in western and Chinese samples. A robust finding is that in cities with higher levels of atmospheric pollution and traffic congestion, respondents report lower levels of personal well-being ceteris paribus. We find that a one standard deviation increase in suspended particles or sulphur dioxide emissions is roughly equivalent to a 12-13 percent reduction in average monthly income in the six cities. This result suggests that the personal well-being of China's urban population can be enhanced if China were to pursue a more balanced growth path which curtailed atmospheric pollution.China, Environment, Pollution, Personal Well-Being.

REMOVED: Study on Separation Properties of Aquaporin-Based Proteoliposomes and Synthesizing of High Performance Aquaporin Based Biomimetic Membrane

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).This article has been removed at the request of the Executive Publisher.This article has been removed because it was published without the permission of the author(s)

Dynamic behaviour restructuring mediates dopamine-dependent credit assignment

Funding Information: We thank V. Athalye for feedback; A. Vaz and C. Carvalho for mouse colony management; the members of the Costa laboratory for comments; the members of the Scientific Hardware Platform, Histopathology Platform, Scientific Software Platform and Advanced Bioimaging & BioOptics Experimental Platform (member of the Portuguese Platform of Bioimaging (PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122) of the Champalimaud Institute for help; S. Mutlu, D. Bento, P. Carriço., P. Silva and J. Araujo for hardware/software assistance; I. Marcelo for assistance with multinomial logistic regression; N. Loureiro for assistance with inertial sensor calculations; M. Mendoça, C. Alcacer, H. Rodrigues and D. Peterka for help with experimental set-ups; the members of the M. Carey laboratory for sharing apparatus; S. Fusi for project feedback; and R. Junker for advice on dynamic range boxes. This work was supported by Life Sciences Research Fellowship and NINDS K99/R00 Award (1K99NS112575) granted to J.C.Y.T. and National Institute of Health funding (5U19NS104649) and the Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP-020551) through the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF) to R.M.C. The authors have applied a CC BY NC public copyright license for the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2023.Initial dopamine self-stimulations reinforced not only the stimulation-producing target action, but also actions similar to the target action and actions that occurred a few seconds before stimulation, and repeated pairings led to a gradual refinement of the behavioural repertoire to home in on the target actions.publishersversionpublishe