Efficacy of different oils used for the extraction of annatto colour from the seeds of Bixa orellana L.

Annatto, a naturally obtained colour is a potential and valuable Non Wood Forest Product (NWFP). It is obtained from the seeds of plant species Bixa orellana L. The present experiment was carried out to find the efficacy of different oils used for annatto colour extraction. Experiment was started with the pretreatment of seeds of B. orellana with soaking in water at 0%, 50%, 100% and 150% (v/w) for 24 hrs at room temperature and colour extraction with castor oil at 100°C showed that maximum bixin (%) was found from the pretreated seeds with 50% (v/w) water soaking i.e., 0.46% bixin. Similarly for oil soluble annatto extraction method, the maximum extraction of bixin (0.99 %) was found with castor oil at 120°C for 1 hr and least bixin (0.03 %) was recorded with mustard oil at 60oC temperature for 1 hr. Sesame oil and ground nut oil were also showed better extractability. Out of different treatments, castor oil at 120°C for 1 hr gave better result with respect to bixin extraction as compared to others

BIOANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HCG (HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN)

Objective: To develop and validate simple, rapid, specific, accurate and precise bioanalytical method for determination of the HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) by RP-HPLC method by using human urine.Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed using Phenom enex C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μ, 300 °A) column. Mobile phase composed of sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0, 0.05M) and acetonitrile (87.5:12.5 % v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out using UV detector at 215 nm. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as an internal standard (ISTD) and extraction was carried out using protein precipitation method. The method was validated as per USFDA guidelines.Results: The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.37 to 48.4 µg/ml. and correlation coefficient (R2) was found to be 0.9983 and the Lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.37 µg/ml. Recovery was found more than 94.0% for HCG. The % CV for interday and intraday precision was found to be less than Ë‚1%.Conclusion: A simple, rapid, specific, accurate and precise analytical method was developed and validated by using human urine.Â

Decay modes of 250No

The Fragment Mass Analyzer at the ATLAS facility has been used to unambiguously identify the mass number associated with different decay modes of the nobelium isotopes produced via 204Pb(48Ca,xn)(252-x)No reactions. Isotopically pure (>99.7%) 204Pb targets were used to reduce background from more favored reactions on heavier lead isotopes. Two spontaneous fission half-lives (t_1/2 = 3.7+1.1-0.8 us and 43+22-15 us) were deduced from a total of 158 fission events. Both decays originate from 250No rather than from neighboring isotopes as previously suggested. The longer activity most likely corresponds to a K-isomer in this nucleus. No conclusive evidence for an alpha branch was observed, resulting in upper limits of 2.1% for the shorter lifetime and 3.4% for the longer activity.Comment: RevTex4, 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR

Results of rocket measurements of D-region ionization over Thumba in MAP

Under MAP, two rockets were launched from Thumba (8.5 N, 76.8 E) around 1030 hrs Lt with identical payloads on 7 and 10 March 1986 for D region studies. Positive ion densities were measured by spherical probe and Gerdien condenser and electron densities were measured by Langmuir probe and propagation experiments. In both flights a valley in ionization height profile was noticed around 83 km. The density of ionization at this altitude was about 4 x 10(2) cu cm. A detailed positive ion-chemical scheme was used to reproduce the measured ionization height profiles. The density of NO needed to reproduce the valley in ionization at 83 km came around 5 x 10(5) cu cm. A photochemical treatment without diffusion process was found inadequate to explain this value of NO. Calculations showed that the value of vertical eddy diffusion needed to reproduce the value of NO was around 10(6)sq cm/s. Interestingly, the same value of eddy diffusion coefficient was obtained when derived in the manner described by Thrane and his coworkers using only the positive ion current data of spherical probes

A review on a deep learning perspective in brain cancer classification

AWorld Health Organization (WHO) Feb 2018 report has recently shown that mortality rate due to brain or central nervous system (CNS) cancer is the highest in the Asian continent. It is of critical importance that cancer be detected earlier so that many of these lives can be saved. Cancer grading is an important aspect for targeted therapy. As cancer diagnosis is highly invasive, time consuming and expensive, there is an immediate requirement to develop a non-invasive, cost-effective and efficient tools for brain cancer characterization and grade estimation. Brain scans using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), as well as other imaging modalities, are fast and safer methods for tumor detection. In this paper, we tried to summarize the pathophysiology of brain cancer, imaging modalities of brain cancer and automatic computer assisted methods for brain cancer characterization in a machine and deep learning paradigm. Another objective of this paper is to find the current issues in existing engineering methods and also project a future paradigm. Further, we have highlighted the relationship between brain cancer and other brain disorders like stroke, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, andWilson’s disease, leukoriaosis, and other neurological disorders in the context of machine learning and the deep learning paradigm

Metastable states from multinucleon excitations in Tl 202 and Pb 203

The excited level structures of Tl202 and Pb203, above the 7+ and 29/2- isomers, respectively, have been studied. An isomer with Iπ=20+ and T1/2=215(10)μs has been established in Tl202, and the level scheme extended from I=10 to 20ℏ with the placement of fifteen new transitions. In Pb203, the Iπ=37/2+ state is established to be metastable, with T1/2=2.5(3)ns. Levels in both nuclei arise from intrinsic excitations, with likely particle-hole character for the higher-lying states in Pb203. The 20+ isomer in Tl202 is most likely associated with a πh11/2-1 - ν(i13/2-2,f5/2-1) configuration, while the 37/2+ state in Pb203 results from the excitation of five neutrons. Calculations, using both an empirical approach and the oxbash code, have been performed to aid in the description of the excited level structure

Positive Ion Density Measurements by Rocket borne Gerdien Condenser in the Height Range 23-39·5km

90-92A Gerdien condenser payload was flown aboard Menaka-II rocket from Thumba on 8 July 1975 at 1130 hrs LT and the positive ion density profile was obtained in the up leg as well as down leg in the height range 23-39·5 km. The probe current varied between 4 X 10-11 and 12 x 10-11 A. Positive ion density varied between 430/cc at 39'5 km and l40/cc at 23 km. Conductivity was calculated using pressure and temperature models in this height range and it was found that it can be empirically expressed as log λ+ = 0.1 H – 15·6, where H is in km and λ + is in mho/metre