Low frequency noise conversion in fets under nonlinear operation

Based upon the active line concept, the conversion mechanisms of microscopic low frequency noise (e.g. generation-recombination noise) located in the channel of a Field Effect Transistor (FET) which is driven by a large RF signal is demonstrated. The first consequence is that the based band (low frequency) input gate noise voltage spectral density is dependent on the magnitude of the input RF power applied to the FET. Moreover, the microscopic generation-recombination noise sources located in the channel are responsible of up-converted input gate noise voltage spectral density around the RF frequency

Nonlinear noise modeling of a PHEMT device through residual phase noise and low frequency noise measurements

International audienceThe phase noise generated by a FET device is investigated using transmission and reflection residual phase noise measurements. This approach helps in locating, in the intrinsic device, the low frequency noise sources which are responsible for these phase fluctuations. On the basis of these experiments, a new nonlinear noise model of the FET is proposed. This model is able to describe a phenomenon that has been observed, but never modeled in the past : the dependence of the baseband noise on the microwave input power

Bees, butterflies, and bacteria: biotechnology and the politics of nonhuman friendship

The author seeks to decentre some already familiar geographies of biotechnology. By asking, with respect to genetically modified (GM) crops, not ‘what is the new?', but ‘where is the new?', the intention is to redirect attention (at least briefly) away from the GM technique or genetically modified object and its supposed properties, to the world to which that technique or object is being added. This in turn allows the question concerning GM to be approached from new directions, for example, via the routes taken into the controversy by three specific organisms. Not fully taken into account in the calculations of the biotechnology industry, the honey bee, the Monarch butterfly, and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis have all, in very different ways, made their presence felt as they literally and metaphorically encountered GM. In an attempt to do justice to these marginalised lifeforms, the forms of life of which they are part, and the biopolitical questions which they raise, the works of Jacques Derrida on friendship and animality, Jean-Luc Nancy on being with, and Bruno Latour on making things public, are brought into conversation. It is suggested that together what they offer is a way of thinking ourselves as collectively in the midst of things

Another history of museums: from the discourse to the museum-piece

The history of museums could get inspired on the procedures of material studies and of Anthropology in order to take a new stand and move away from the institutional approach and consider the approach of objects traditionally labelled as museum objects. The socalled “museum pieces” are supposed to have a number of characteristics, particularly some great historical and artistic qualities, sometimes an heritage quality, but above all the ability to make “friends” around the community or around the world. In all these respects, it is proposed here a number of research procedures that may supplement or enrich the directions usually assigned to the history of institutions