OPTIMAL REGULATION AND GROWTH IN A NATURAL-RESOURCE-BASED ECONOMY

This paper develops a two-sector model for a renewable natural resource based economy. Pareto efficient results show the optimal harvesting rate that allows for sustained long-run optimal growth, which is upper-bounded by the biological rate of reproduction. Regulation prevents from resource over-exploitation and exhaustion which arise under open access. The Ramsey policy allowing the competitive economy to reach the first-best solution, leads the government to tax harvesting activity from firms and distribute the receipts among households. In the short-run the tax is variable. In the long-run, the lower the intrinsic rate of reproduction the higher the constant unit tax on the resource use.Natural Resources, Efficiency, Open Access, Ramsey Regulation, Growth.

Multiband-UWB Signals Generation Based on Incoherent Microwave Photonic Filters

“© © 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”A structure for multiband-UWB waveforms generation is proposed using an N tap microwave photonic filter with positive and negative taps. The system is based on phase inversion in electro-optical modulators and the sliced broadband source optical signal by means of a structure of AWGs, which permits us to obtain a high number of taps. System performance is experimentally shown by the generation of a uniform waveform. Capabilities as reconfigurability and frequency tuning have been also experimentally demonstrated. The flexibility of the system allows us to obtain multiband UWB waveforms, which fulfill the FCC spectral requirements.This work was supported in part by the National Project TEC2011-26642 NEWTON funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, and in part by the Regional Project PROMETEO GVA 2013/12 Next Generation Microwave Photonic technologies.Rius Mercado, M.; Bolea Boluda, M.; Mora Almerich, J.; Ortega Tamarit, B.; Capmany Francoy, J. (2014). Multiband-UWB Signals Generation Based on Incoherent Microwave Photonic Filters. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 26(2):142-145. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2013.2290315S14214526

Nariz y sociedad: curiosidades y anécdotas sobre el apéndice nasal

La nariz es sin duda el rasgo de más valor en la definición de la fisonomía facial, ya que imprime el carácter de la cara y es el más influyente a la hora de hacer un juicio sobre la belleza. Su localización en el centro de la cara hace que tenga un papel especial, ya que se trata de una parte del cuerpo de la que somos conscientes y que nos rodea emocionalmente. Podemos decir que los hombres y las mujeres somos particularmente vulnerables al tamaño y morfología de nuestra nariz. En el presente trabajo analizaremos estos aspectos que rodean a esta parte del cuerpo tan especial. Desde un punto de vista evolutivo la nariz aparece para desarrollar unas funciones fisiológicas determinadas entre las cuales se encuentra la respiración y, por tanto, como un punto importante para la vida. Distintas culturas y sociedades han llevado e incorporado este concepto a sus ideologías. No solo la entrada de la vida a través de la vida adquiere significado gracias a la nariz, sino que la pérdida de la vida, así como diversas enfermedades, se centran en este órgano desde hace milenios. Por otra parte, la nariz tiene importantes implicaciones respecto al concepto de belleza en las diferentes civilizaciones hasta nuestros tiempos en la sociedad occidental.Se tratan también aspectos como su relación con la sexualidad, su aparición en el mundo del arte y su papel como órgano diana en determinadas agresiones. En definitiva, se plantea un abordaje de esta pequeña parte del cuerpo humano, pero de relevancia importante desde un punto de vista histórico-cultural y social.The nose is without doubt the most important characteristic in the facial physiognomy. It lends quality to the face and it is the most significant feature of beauty. His location in the middle of the face makes it has an special function, because it´s a part of the body we are conscious and that surrounds us emotionally. We can say that men and women are particularly vulnerable to the size and form of our nose. In the present work we analyze these aspects around this special part of the body. From an evolutional point of view the nose appears to develop some physiological functions like the breathing, and so as an important point for the life. Different cultures and societies have incorporated this concept to theirs ideologies. During millenniums, is considered the life entries across the nose. Indeed, the lost of the life as well as diverse diseases are focused about this organ. On the other hand, the nose has important involvements in the beauty concept in different civilizations up to our time in the occidental society. We treat another aspects like his relation with the sexuality, the art, and his paper in some facial injuries. In short, we make an approach to this small and important part of the body from an historical, cultural and social point of view.Medicin

Cavitation corrosion and repassivation kinetics of titanium in a heavy brine LiBr solution evaluated by using electrochemical techniques and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

The cavitation corrosion behaviour of commercially pure Grade 2 titanium in a 992 g/l LiBr solution has been investigated at 25 °C using an ultrasound device. Cavitation was found to have more influence on the anodic branch than on the cathodic branch, shifting the corrosion potential, Ecorr, and the OCP value towards more negative potentials, and increasing the corrosion current density, icorr, by six times. The repassivation kinetics of Grade 2 titanium have also been studied in the 992 g/l LiBr solution, at 25 °C and various applied potentials, using cavitation to damage the electrode surface. The repassivation kinetics have been analysed in terms of the current density flowing from the area damaged by cavitation, and the results were described by the equation i(t) = A·t−n. At potentials within the passive region, the passive film grew according to the high-field ion conduction model in which log i(t) is linearly proportional to 1/q(t). The damage generated during the potentiostatic tests has been quantified by means of Confocal Laser Scanning MicroscopyWe wish express our gratitude to the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Project CTQ2009-07518), for the economical support of this research, to the Generalitat Valenciana for its help in the CLSM acquisition (MY08/ISIRYM/S/100), and to Dr. M. Asuncion Jaime for her translation assistance.Fernández Domene, RM.; Blasco Tamarit, ME.; García García, DM.; García Antón, J. (2011). Cavitation corrosion and repassivation kinetics of titanium in a heavy brine LiBr solution evaluated by using electrochemical techniques and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Electrochimica Acta. 58:264-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.034S2642755

The structure of liquid water beyond the first hydration shell

To date there is a general consensus on the structure of the first coordination shells of liquid water, namely tetrahedral short range order of molecules. In contrast, little is known about the structure at longer distances and the influence of the tetrahedral molecular arrangement of the first shells on the order at these length scales. An expansion of the distance dependent excess entropy is used in this contribution to find out which molecular arrangements are important at each distance range. This was done by splitting the excess entropy into two parts: one connected to the relative position of two molecules and the other one related to their relative orientation. A transition between two previously unknown regimes in liquid water is identified at a distance of about similar to 6 angstrom: from a predominantly orientational order at shorter distances to a regime at larger distances of up to similar to 9 angstrom where the order is predominantly positional and molecules are distributed with the same tetrahedral symmetry as the very first molecules.Postprint (author's final draft

Short range order of CCl4: RMC and MD methods

The main objective of this paper is to present a method to fully determine the six degrees of freedom regarding position and orientation of a neighboring molecule around a central one, i.e. the g(rCM,¿) distribution function. This is accomplished by completely determining the short range structure of liquid carbon tetrachloride, while employing results from two different methods, Molecular Dynamics (MD) [1] and Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) [2]. Exclusively, the structural ordering of the first four molecules will be detailed.Postprint (published version

Original Approach to Synthesize TiO2/ZnO Hybrid nanosponges used as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical applications

[EN] In the present work, TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanosponges have been synthesized for the first time. First, TiO2 nanosponges were obtained by anodization under hydrodynamic conditions in a glycerol/water/NH4F electrolyte. Next, in order to achieve the anatase phase of TiO2 and improve its photocatalytic behaviour, the samples were annealed at 450 degrees C for 1 h. Once the TiO2 nanosponges were synthesized, TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanosponges were obtained by electrodeposition of ZnO on TiO2 nanosponges using different temperatures, times, and concentrations of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)(2)). TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanosponges were used as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical water splitting tests. The results indicate that the photoelectrochemical response improves, in the studied range, by increasing the temperature and the Zn(NO3)(2) concentration during the electrodeposition process, obtaining an increase in the photoelectrochemical response of 141% for the TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanosponges electrodeposited at 75 degrees C with 10 mM Zn(NO3)(2) for 15 min. Furthermore, morphological, chemical, and structural characterization was performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman Confocal Laser Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD).The authors would like to express their gratitude for the financial support of the ¿Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-105844RB-I00/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)¿, for the co-finance by the European Social Fund, and for its help in the ¿Laser Raman Microscope acquisition (UPOV08-3E-012) ¿. Pedro José Navarro Gázquez also thanks the Grant PEJ2018-003596-A-AR funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ¿ESF Investing in your future¿.Navarro-Gázquez, PJ.; Muñoz-Portero, M.; Blasco-Tamarit, E.; Sánchez-Tovar, R.; Fernández-Domene, RM.; Garcia-Anton, J. (2021). Original Approach to Synthesize TiO2/ZnO Hybrid nanosponges used as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical applications. Materials. 14(21):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216441S121142

Emergence of glassy features in halomethane crystals

Both structural glasses and disordered crystals are known to exhibit anomalous thermal, vibrational, and acoustic properties at low temperatures or low energies, what is still a matter of lively debate. To shed light on this issue, we studied the halomethane family CBrnCl4-n (n = 0, 1, 2) at low temperature where, despite being perfectly translationally ordered stable monoclinic crystals, glassy dynamical features had been reported from experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. For n = 1, 2 dynamic disorder originates by the random occupancy of the same lattice sites by either Cl or Br atoms, but not for the ideal reference case of CCl4. Measurements of the low-temperature specific heat (Cp) for all these materials are here reported, which provide evidence of the presence of a broad peak in Debye-reduced Cp(T )/T 3 and in the reduced density of states (g(¿)/¿2) determined by means of neutron spectroscopy, as well as a linear term in Cp usually ascribed in glasses to two-level systems in addition to the cubic term expected for a fully ordered crystal. Being CCl4 a fully ordered crystal, we also performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which provide unprecedented detailed information about the microscopic nature of vibrations responsible for that broad peak, much alike the “’boson peak” of glasses, finding it to essentially arise from a piling up (at around 3–4 meV) of low-energy optical modes together with acoustic modes near the Brillouin-zone limits.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Valor de la biopsia en la arteritis de la temporal

La Arteritis de Células Gigantes (ACG) es una patología inflamatoria de arterias de mediano y gran calibre, típicamente ramas craneales. En su diagnóstico, resulta de vital importancia la biopsia de la arteria temporal, técnica que en nuestro hospital es realizada por el servicio de ORL. Nos planteamos un estudio para valorar la rentabilidad de esta técnica y los parámetros implicados en su correcta realización. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo sobre las biopsias realizadas en nuestro servicio desde el año 2002 hasta el 2011, comparando variables clínicas, analíticas, el tratamiento corticoideo previo y la longitud de la pieza con el diagnóstico definitivo de enfermedad. La enfermedad fue definida por presencia de tres de los cinco criterios diagnósticos establecidos por el American College of Rheumatology. 125 pacientes (78 mujeres, 47 varones, edad media, 74 años) fueron analizados. La cefalea, sensibilidad al tacto del cuero cabelludo, disminución de pulsos temporales y la elevación de la VSG muestran relación con el diagnóstico de enfermedad. Una longitud de biopsia mayor a 0,5 cm tuvo relación con su utilidad. El tratamiento previo con esteroides no afectó al resultado de la biopsia o el diagnóstico definitivo (p < 0,05). La biopsia presenta en nuestro estudio gran especificidad y valor predictivo positivo para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad, si se obtiene longitud suficiente de muestra, y en presencia de clínica en la región temporal con elevación de la VSG resulta de utilidad para dirigir el diagnóstico. El uso previo de esteroides no parece afectar al diagnóstico de la enfermedad.Temporal Artery Biopsy Value Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) is a middle and large vessel inflammatory disease, usually of cranial branches. Temporal artery biopsy is frequently used to aid its diagnosis, and is performed by the Otolaryngology Department in our hospital premises. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value and optimal technique of the procedure. Temporal artery biopsies performed in the 2002 - 2011 ten year period were analyzed into a retrospective study, comparing the presence or absence of disease with the following variables: age, sex, signs and symptoms, referral medical department, previous steroidal treatment, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and biopsy length. The disease was defined by the presence of three out of the five diagnostic criteria defined by the American College of Rheumatology. A total of 125 patients were identified (78 females, 47 males, mean age, 74 years). Headache, temporal scalp sensitivity and diminished temporal pulses were the symptoms statistically associated with GCA diagnosis, while high ESR was the only laboratory alteration related to the disease. 0,5 cm length specimen is needed to have 100% specificity and positive predictive value for the diagnosis (p < 0,05). Temporal artery biopsy had in our study high specificity and positive predictive value if given enough specimen length; also, if the patient presents with temporal symptoms and high ESR, results helpful in leading to the diagnosis. Previous steroidal use does not seem to deviate the disease diagnosis.Medicin