Effect of combined application of organic and mineral nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on soil physico-chemical properties and grain yield of food barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Kaffa Zone, South-western Ethiopia

Low soil fertility is one of the major factors limiting the yield of barley in Kaffa Zone, south-western Ethiopia. The problem is more severe in the Zone due to soil erosion and nutrient leaching caused by heavy and continuous rainfall. Thus, field  experiment was conducted to assess the effect of combined organic and mineral  nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on selected soil physico-chemical properties and  on grain yield of food barley in Ghimbo and Adiyo districts, south-western Ethiopia. Fourteen treatments comprising two organic fertilizer rates, i.e. 2.5 and 5 t ha−1 of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Vermicomost (VC) combined with three levels of  mineral NP (25, 50 and 75% of recommended rates of NP), 100% recommended  rate of inorganic NP (23 kg N ha-1 and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1) and no fertilizer  application (control) in randomized complete block design on clay soil in Ghimbo and clay loam soil in Adiyo with three replications. Results indicated that the application of FYM in combination with different levels of recommended rates of inorganic N and P significantly improved most of the soil physico-chemical properties and  significantly increased the grain yield of food barley over the application of 100%  mineral NP alone and the control. The application of 5 t FYM ha−1 in combination  with 75% recommended rates of inorganic N and P (17.25 kg N ha−1 and 34.5 kg  P2O5 ha−1) was found to be superior and increased soil organic carbon content by 36 and 44.6%, available P by 70.5 and 78.2%, available K by 42.5 and 26.3%, and increased yield of barley by 76.8 and 83.5% in Adiyo and Ghimbo, respectively, over the application of 100% recommended rate of inorganic N and P only. Therefore, it can be concluded and recommended that the application of 5 t FYM ha−1 in combination with 75% of the recommended rates of inorganic N and P  (17.25 kg N ha−1 and 34.5 kg P2O5 ha−1) can improve soil fertility and can  increase yield of food barley in the study area.Keywords: Farmyard manure, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Vermicompost, Ethiopia

Kontribusi Self Efficacy Terhadap Academic Dishonesty Pada Mahasiswa Kampus X Bukittinggi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi self efficacy terhadap Academic dishonesty pada Mahasiswa Kampus X Bukittinggi. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Kampus X Bukittinggi

Application of different lime rates and phosphorus on soil physico-chemical properties of acid soils in western Ethiopia

Soil acidity and phosphorus deficiency are the major yield limiting factors to crop production in Haro Sabu area, western Ethiopia. Thus, a field experiment was carried out in 2014 main cropping season from the end of June to the end of November at Haro Sabu to assess the effect of lime and phosphorus rates on soil physico-chemical properties of the experimental soil . The treatments were factorial combination of five rates of phosphorus (0, 11.5, 23, 46, 57.5 kg P2O5) and four rates of lime (CaCO3) (0, 2.25, 3 and 3.75 tons ha-1) in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The pre soil analysis indicated that the soil of experimental area was acidic (pH = 5.31) and low in available P (2.34 mg kg-1). The soil textural class was sandy clay loam with constituents of sand (53%), clay (19%) and silt (28%). Application of both lime and phosphorus to the experimental plot increased exchangeable Ca, available phosphorus and total nitrogen while decreased exchangeable aluminum. Therefore, application of lime and phosphorous on acid soil improves the pH of the soil, there by the availability of phosphorous and cations

Effect of Inoculating Bradyrhizobium on Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean in Calcareous Soil, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia

አህፅሮትከ7.0 ፒ.ኤች በሊይ የአፈር ፎስፈረስ ግዑዝ ስሇማይሟማ በከፍተኛ ሁኔታ ሇዝግጠት ተጋሊጭ ስሇሚሆን ዕፅዋቶች በቀሊለ አያገኙትም፡፡ ስሇዚህ ይህ የምርምር ጥናት በመተሏራ ስኳር ፋብሪካ በ 2008 ዓ.ም ምርት ዗መን የብረዲራይዞቢዬም ባክቴሪያ ክትባት አስተዋፅዖ አኩሪ አተርን ከሸንኮራ አገዳ ጋር በማሰባጠር በፎስፈረስ አወሳሰድና የፎስፈረስ አወሳሰድ ብቃትን ሇመገምገም ዓሊማ አንግቦ በመስኖ ተተግብሯሌ፡፡ ሙከራው ሦስት መጠን የባክቴሪያ ክትባት ማሇትም ላጊዩምፊክስ፣ SB6B1እና ያሌተከተበ እንዲሁም አራት ፎስፈረስ መጠን ማሇትም 0፣ 10፣ 20 እና 30 ኪ.ግ/ሄክታር ፎስፈረስ ወስዯዋሌ፡፡ ሙከራው የተ዗ጋጀው በራንዯማይዝድ ኮምፕሉት ብልክ ዲዛይን በፋክቶሪያሌ የተዯራጀ ሲሆን ሦስት ቅጂ ግሌባጭ አሇው፡፡ የጭብጥ (መረጃ) ትንትና እንዳሚያሰየው ብረዲራይዞቢዬም ክትባት ትርጉም ባሇው ሁኔታ የዕፅዋት ናይትሮጅንና ፎስፈራስ ይ዗ት ሊይ ካሌተከተበ አንፃር አመርቂ ውጤት አሳይቷሌ፡፡ የተሇያዬ የፎስፈረስ መጠን እንዲሁም የፎስፈረስና ክትባት ጥምረት በናይትሮጅንና ፎስፈረስ ይ዗ት ሊይ ትርጉም ያሇው ሌዩነት አሊሳዩም፤ ነገር ግን 30 ኪ.ግ/ሄክታር ፎስፈረስ በጠቅሊሊ ፎስፈረስ ይ዗ት ሊይ ከፍተኛ ሌዩነት አምጥቷሌ፡፡ በብረዲራይዞቢዬም ክትባት ምክንያት ፎስፈረስን የመውሰድ ብቃት ተሻሽሎሌ፡፡ በዚህ መሠረት ከፍተኛ አግሮኖሚክ ኢፊሼንሲ፣ ሪከቨሪ ኢፊሼንሲና ዩትሊይዜሽን ኢፊሼንሲ በSB6B1 ክትባት፤ ፊዚዮልጂካሌ ኢፊሼንሲና አግሮፊዚዮልጂካሌ ኢፊሼንሲ በላጉምፊክስ ክትባት አማካይነት በ10 ኪ.ግ/ሄክታር ፎስፈረስ ሲገኝ አግሮፊዚዮልጂካሌ ኢፊሼንሲ በ30 ኪ.ግ/ሄክታር ፎስፈረስ ተመዝግቧሌ፡፡ በአጠቃሊይ በ10 ኪ.ግ/ሄክታር ፎስፈረስ መጠን SB6B1 ባክቴሪያ ክትባት አመርቂ ውጤት ያስገኘ ሲሆን ላጊዩምፊክስ ዯግሞ ይከተሊሌ፡፡ የፎስፈረስ መውሰድ ብቃትን እንዲጨምር የተሻለ አያያዝ ዗ዴዎችን ማሇትም ፎስፌት የሚያሟሙ ረቂቅ ነፍሳት ወይም ማይኮሪ዗ ብረዲራይዞቢዬም ጋር በማጣመር መጠቀም አስፈሊጊ ነው፡፡ AbstractAt a soil pH value of above 7.0, inorganic phosphorus (P) is highly susceptible to precipitation as insoluble form that is unavailable to plants. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at Metehara Sugar Estate under irrigation during the 2014/15 cropping season to evaluate the effect of inoculating Bradyrhizobium on P uptake and P use efficiency of soybean intercropped with sugarcane. The treatments consisted of three levels of inoculation (Legume fix, SB6B1 and uninoculated) and four rates of P (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg Pha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Analysis of the data indicated that Bradyrhizobium inoculation significantly increased plant N concentration and P uptake compared to the uninoculated treatment. The effect of P rates and its interaction with inoculation was not significant on N concentration and P uptake, but significantly increased total P uptake at the application of 30 kg Pha-1. Phosphorus use efficiency indices were improved in response to inoculating the crop with Bradyrhizobium. The highest AE (13.6 kg kg-1), PRE (31.8%) and PUE (10.6 kg kg-1) were obtained by SB6B1 inoculation and the highest PE (117.2 kg kg-1) and APE (161.7 kg kg-1) were obtained by Legumefix inoculation all at 10 kg P ha-1except PE which recorded the highest at 30 kg P ha-1.Thus, it can be concluded that SB6B1 isolate can be used as the best inoculant followed by Legumefix isolate with 10 kg P ha-1of P fertilizer. However, strategies for increasing P use efficiency by adopting best management practices like co-inoculation of phosphate solubilizing microorganism or mycorrhiza with these Bradyrhizobium inoculants should be adopted to enhance P use efficiencies

Effect of Varieties and Population of Intercropped Soybean with Maize on Yield and Yield components at Haro Sabu, Western Ethiopia

The field experiment was carried out at Haro Sabu Agriculture Research Center, during2013 with the objectives of determining the effect of varieties and population densities ofsoybean intercropped with maize on yield and yield components of associated crops andproductivity of the system. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replication infactorial combination of three soybean varieties (Boshe, Ethio-Yugoslavia and Didesa)and three soybean plant populations (25%, 50% and 75%) along with respective solecrop of soybean varieties and maize BHQPY-545. Plant density of the intercroppedsoybean varieties significantly (P<0.05) affected number of ears per plant, thousandkernel weight and HI of maize. The higher number of ears per plant (2.30), thousandkernels weight (243.88 g) and HI (38.11%) were obtained from 25% soybean population.The highest number of ears per plant (2.31) was obtained from intercropping of maizewith soybean variety Boshe. Maize grain yield was significantly (P<0.05) affected by theinteraction of main effects. The highest maize grain yield (7.33 t ha-1) was obtained fromthe combination of 50% soybean population of variety Boshe. Sole cropped maize gavesignificantly higher number of kernels per ear, biological yield, grain yield and HI than therespective intercrop. Biological yield and grain yield of soybean were significantly(P<0.01) affected by soybean varieties. Biological yield (5.53t ha-1) and grain yield (2.20 tha-1) of soybean was recorded for variety Didesa. Plant population and soybean varietysignificantly (P<0.01) affected number of pod per plant. The highest number of pod perplant (50 and 45) was obtained from 25% soybean population and variety Boshe,respectively. Number of pod per plant also significantly (P<0.05)affected by croppingsystem. The higher grain yield (2.09t ha-1) was obtained from soybean population of75%. Considering the experimental findings intercropping of maize with 50% soybeanpopulation and Didesa Variety was recommended for the study are

Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Grain Quality of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) Varieties in Minijar Shenkora District, Central Ethiopia

አህፅሮት የዱረም ስንዴን ምርታማነትን እና ጥራትን ለማሻሻል ተስማሚ ዝርያዎችን ከተመጣጠነ የአፈር ማዳበሪያ ጋር መጠቀም አስፈላጊ ነዉ፡፡ ስለሆነም የተቀላቀለ ናይትሮጂን፣ ፎስፈረስ፣ ሰልፈር እና የቦሮን (NPSB) ማዳበሪያ መጠን በተመረጡ የዱረም ስንዴ ዝርያዎች ምርት እና ጥራት ላይ ያለውን ውጤት ለማወቅ የመስክ ሙከራ ተደርጓል፡፡  አራት የNPSB ድብልቅ የማዳበሪያ መጠኖች (0፣ 61፣122፣ 183 ኪ.ግ. በሄክታር) እና አራት የተሻሻሉ ዱረም ስንዴ ዝርያዎች (አለምጤና፣ ማንጉዶ፣ ኡዴ እና ኡቱባ) በጥምረት ሙከራ ተደርጓል፡፡ በሁሉም መደቦች ላይ 46 ኪ.ግ. የናይትሮጂን ማዳበሪያ በሄክታር ተጨምሯል፡፡ ከተሞከሩ ዝርያዎች መካከል ማንጉዶ ከፍተኛውን የእህል ምርት (2682 ኪ.ግ./ሄ)፣ የአንድ ሺህ ዘር ክብደት (44.7 ግራም)፣ የፕሮቲን ይዘት (11.5%) እና ከፍተኛ የአንፀባራቂነት ባህርይ (71.8%) አስመዝግቧል፡፡ የNPSB ማዳበሪያ ውጤትን በተመለከተ ከፍተኛ የአንድ ሺህ ዘር ክብደት (44.8 ግ)፣ የእህል ምርት (3640 ኪ.ግ./ሄ)፣ ከፍተኛ የፕሮቲን ይዘት (11.7%) እና ከፍተኛ የአንፀባራቂነት ባህርይ (81.5%) በከፍተኛው የNPSB መጠን (183 ኪ.ግ./ሄ) ተመዝግቧል፡፡ በኢኮኖሚያዊ አዋጭነት ስሌት መሠረት ሁለተኛ ከፍተኛ ገቢ (44614.25 ብር/ሄ) ያስገኘው ማንጉዶ ዝርያ 183 ኪ.ግ/ሄ NPSB በመጠቀም ነዉ፡፡ በመሆኑም በምንጃር ሸንኮራ ወረዳ እና ተመሳሳይ ስነ ምህዳር ላላቸው አካባቢዎች ማንጉዶ ዝርያ ከ183 ኪ.ግ./ሄ NPSB ማዳበሪያ በመጠቀም ቢዘራ ይመከራል፡፡   Abstract The use of appropriate varieties and balanced fertilizer application are major agronomic practices to improve the productivity and quality of durum wheat. Hence, a field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of blended nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and boron (NPSB) fertilizer rates on yield and yield components, and grain quality of selected durum wheat varieties. Factorial combinations of four NPSB rates (0, 61, 122, 183 kg ha-1) and four durum wheat varieties (Alemtena, Mangudo, Ude, Utuba) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All the plots were supplemented uniformly with 46 kg N ha-1. Among the varieties, variety Mangudo recorded the highest grain yield (2682 kg ha-1), thousand kernels weight (44.7 g), grain protein content (11.5%), and vitreousness (71.8%). The main effect of NPSB fertilizer showed significantly the highest number of kernels per spike (42.7), thousand kernels weight (44.8 g), aboveground dry biomass yield (11772 kg ha-1), and grain yield (3640 kg ha-1), the highest hectoliter weight (80.2 kg hl-1), grain protein content (11.7%) and vitreousness (81.5%) at the highest NPSB rate (183 kg ha-1). The partial budget analysis also revealed that variety Mangudo gave the second highest economic benefit of 44614.25 Birr ha-1 at 183 kg NPSB ha-1. Thus, a variety Mangudo with the application of 183 kg NPSB ha-1 can be recommended for durum wheat production in Minijar Shenkora District and in areas with similar agro-ecological conditions

DESIGN OF BANDUNG RAYA LIGHT RAPID TRANSIT (LRT) BUSINESS MODEL USING BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS FRAMEWORK

Congestion is one big problem in Bandung city, and it is expected to be reduced by LRT Bandung Raya construction. LRT Bandung Raya, which is planned to be built in 2019 and completed in 2021, will be operated by PT Len Industri, a technology company which has experience in transportation signalling but is a new player in LRT business. The investment needed to accomplish this project is huge, and it has consequence on the price of the ticket. PT Len Industri needs to find other alternatives of revenue streams from LRT Bandung Raya to lowering the price of the ticket to make it accepted by customers and to make the business sustainable in the future. Alternatives of revenue streams can be created by building synergies between all resources of PT Len Industri by considering the trend of changes in the business environment, including the technological development and the spill-over effect from the construction of the LRT, and by considering also the customer profiles. This research aims to design the business model of PT Len Industri’s LRT business using the business model canvas framework. This research starts with mapping the internal condition of PT Len Industri, continued with customer profiling, which followed by business environmental analysis. The next steps are SWOT analysis, value proposition design, and design of full business model canvas. The result of this research is the business model for LRT which highlights the new alternatives of revenue streams and their consequences on other blocks and cost structure Keywords: Business Model, Business Model Canvas, LRT, PT Len IndustrY, Revenue Stream

PERANCANGAN MODEL BISNIS LIGHT RAPID TRANSIT BANDUNG RAYA PADA PT LEN INDUSTRI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KERANGKA BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS

Kemacetan adalah salah satu masalah besar di kota Bandung. LRT Bandung Raya, yang rencananya akan dibangun pada 2019 dan selesai pada 2021, direncanakan akan dioperasikan oleh PT Len Industri, sebuah perusahaan berbasis teknologi. Investasi yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan proyek ini sangat besar, dan memiliki konsekuensi pada harga tiket. PT Len Industri perlu menemukan alternatif lain dari aliran pendapatan dari LRT Bandung Raya untuk mendapatkan pendapatan lain dan menurunkan harga tiket. Alternatif revenue streams dapat dibuat dengan membangun sinergi antara semua sumber daya PT Len Industri dengan mempertimbangkan tren perubahan dalam lingkungan bisnis. Untuk membuat proses perencanaan yang lebih efektif, PT Len Industri perlu merancang model bisnis sehingga dapat menangkap nilai bagi pelanggan dengan cara yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang model bisnis bisnis LRT PT Len Industri menggunakan kerangka business model canvas. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan pemetaan profil pelanggan, diikuti oleh analisis lingkungan bisnis. Langkah selanjutnya adalah analisis SWOT, desain value propositions, dan desain business model canvas untuk LRT yang menyoroti alternatif baru dari aliran pendapatan dan konsekuensinya pada blok lain serta cost structures. Kata kunci: Model Bisnis, Business Model Canvas, Revenue Streams, Cost Structure, LRT, Urban Transportatio

KRIPTOSISTEM GABUNGAN ANTARA S-ECIES DAN RSA

Keamanan data merupakan aspek yang sangat penting pada era teknologi informasi. Transmisi data yang tidak aman dapat menyebabkan kerugian yang besar. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, diperlukan ilmu kriptografi. Ilmu kriptografi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari teknik-teknik matematika yang berhubungan dengan aspek-aspek keamanan informasi seperti kerahasiaan dan keaslian data, autentikasi entitas, dan autentikasi sumber data. Contoh-contoh algoritma kriptografi yang sering digunakan saat ini adalah Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) dan RSA. ECC menggunakan grup siklik pada himpunan titik pada kurva eliptik di bawah operasi penjumlahan titik untuk melakukan operasi-operasi kriptografi. Salah satu kriptosistem yang termasuk ke dalam ECC adalah Simplified Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (S-ECIES). Kriptosistem RSA adalah kriptosistem yang didasarkan pada sulitnya memfaktorkan sebuah bilangan menjadi dua buah bilangan prima yang berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini akan disajikan pengembangan kriptosistem S-ECIES dan RSA dengan cara menggabungkannya dan implementasinya berupa program komputer. Penggabungan kedua kriptosistem tersebut bertujuan untuk mempersulit kriptanalis untuk memecahkan ciphertext.---Data security is a very important aspect in the era of information technology. Unsecured data transmission may cause big losses. Cryptography is needed to solve this problem. Cryptography is the study of mathematical techniques related to aspects of information security such as confidentiality, data integrity, entity authentication, and data origin authentication. Examples of widely used cryptographic algorithm nowadays is Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and RSA. ECC uses the cyclic group on the set of points in elliptic curve under operation of point addition to do cryptographic operations. One cryptosystem which is classified into ECC is Simplified Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (S-ECIES). RSA cryptosystem is a cryptosystem which is based on the difficulty of factoring a number into two different prime numbers. This research presents the development of S-ECIES and RSA cryptosystem by combining them and implementing the result into a computer program. Combinating those two cryptosystem aims to complicate cryptanalyst to solve the ciphertext

Coconut Shell Activated Carbon as an Alternative Renewable Energy

Research coconut shell activated carbon as an alternative renewable energy has been done. Coconut shell activated carbon is processed into fuel that can replace coal. Coconut shell densely textured, hard, and old became a mainstay to be used as activated carbon. The process of forming into a coconut shell coconut shell activated carbon made by drying, pyrolysis, and carbonization. After it was examined DSC and SEM, so the coconut shell activated carbon obtained temperature of 500 0C is activated carbon which can produce the greatest heat and durable because of the many elements contained carbon and many pores are formed. Keywords: activated carbon; alternative renewable energy; coconut shell