Java Birthmarks--Detecting the Software Theft--

To detect the theft of Java class files efficiently, we propose a concept of Java birthmarks, which are unique and native characteristics of every class file. For a pair of class files p and q, if q has the same birthmark as p's, q is suspected as a copy of p. Ideally, the birthmarks should satisfy the following properties: (a) preservation - the birthmarks should be preserved even if the original class file is tampered with, and (b) distinction - independent class files must be distinguished by completely different birthmarks. Taking (a) and (b) into account, we propose four types of birthmarks for Java class files. To show the effectiveness of the proposed birthmarks, we conduct three experiments. In the first experiment, we demonstrate that the proposed birthmarks are sufficiently robust against automatic program transformation (93.3876% of the birthmarks were preserved). The second experiment shows that the proposed birthmarks successfully distinguish non-copied files in a practical Java application (97.8005% of given class files were distinguished). In the third experiment, we exploit different Java compilers to confirm that the proposed Java birthmarks are core characteristics independent of compiler-specific issues

tamada/uniq2 v1.1.1

Eliminating duplicate lines from fil

Design and evaluation of birthmarks for detecting theft of Java programs

To detect theft of Java class files efficiently, we have so far proposed a concept of Java birthmarks. Since the birthmarks are unique and native characteristics of every class file, a class file with the same birthmark of another can be easily suspected as a copy. However, performance and tolerance of the birthmarks against sophisticated attacks had not been evaluated well. To clarify these issues, this paper conducts two experiments. In the first experiment, we demonstrate that the proposed birthmarks successfully distinguish non-copied files in practical Java application (97.8005%). The second experiment shows that the proposed birthmarks are quite tolerant of attacks with automatic program optimizers/obfuscators (93.3876%)

Implementing integrated services of networked home appliances using service oriented architecture

ICSOC '04 : the 2nd international conference on Service oriented computing, November 15-19, 2004, New York, NY, USAThis paper presents a method to implement integrated services of networked home electric appliances, which provide more convenient and comfortable living for home users. The conventional methods generally employ a home server to achieve the integrated services. The server controls all the networked appliances in a centralized manner. However, as the number of sophisticated appliances increases, the centralized server suffers from the concentration of load, as well as a decline in the reliability and interoperability. To cope with this problem, we adopt the service-oriented architecture (SOA) for the implementation of the integrated services. In the proposed framework, the appliances export own features as services, and autonomously execute the exported services one another. Thus, the appliances are loosely coupled via the exported services without any centralized home server, which enables more flexible, balanced and reliable integrated services. We first present a framework to design and implement the integrated services based on SOA, and then illustrate a prototype system developed with Web services. We also define three kinds of metrics (i.e., reliability, workload, and coupling), and conduct a comparative evaluation between the proposed and the previous systems