You understand that whole big situation they\u27re in : Interpretative phenomenological analysis of peer-assisted learning

Abstract Background Peer-assisted learning (PAL) increasingly features within medical school curricula. While there is evidence of its effectiveness, less is known about how it promotes learning. Cognitive and social congruence between peer-tutor and student have been described as important concepts underpinning teaching and learning in PAL. We employed interpretative phenomenological analysis for an in-depth exploration of how medical students experience PAL sessions. Methods We conducted the study at The University of Manchester within a near-peer scheme aimed at developing clinical skills within clinical clerkship students. We conducted individual interviews with three peer tutors and five students. We undertook interpretive phenomenological analysis of interview transcripts. We subsequently synthesised an account of the study participants’ lived experiences of PAL sessions from individual personal accounts to explore how medical students experience peer-assisted learning. This analysis was then used to complement and critique a priori educational theory regarding the mechanisms underlying PAL. Results Students experienced PAL sessions as a safe and egalitarian environment, which shaped the type and style of learning that took place. This was facilitated by close relationships with peer-tutors, with whom they shared a strong sense of camaraderie and shared purpose. Peer-tutors felt able to understand their students’ wider sociocultural context, which was the most important factor underpinning both the PAL environment and tutor-student relationship. Participants contrasted this relative safety, camaraderie and shared purpose of PAL with teaching led by more senior tutors in clinical settings. Conclusions This study provides a rich description of the important factors that characterise medical students’ experiences of PAL sessions. Participants felt a strong sense of support in PAL sessions that took into account their wider sociocultural context. Multiple factors interplayed to create a learning environment and tutor-student relationship that existed in contrast to teaching led by more senior, clinical tutors. The insight generated via IPA complemented existing theory and raised new lines of enquiry to better understand how the peer relationship fosters learning in PAL at medical school. We make recommendations to use insights from PAL for faculty and curriculum development

マナザス シンタイ ノウソッチュウ コウイショウ ノ ヒト ノ シヤ ト ウンドウ ノ カンケイ ニ ツイテ

論

Can we lose our perspective? Thinking from the viewpoint of Merleau-Ponty

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between movement and space perception. To achieve this, I will illustrate a case of unilateral spatial neglect one of the sequelae of a cerebrovascular accident. I describe the characteristic features of left-sided neglect after such a cerebrovascular accident, based on my clinical experience. Neglect of the left side of the body is one after-effect of a cerebrovascular accident. Although the left field of view is not lost, the eyes or face cannot be directed toward the left side of the body. The cause is thought to be a change in the cognitive function due to the damage to the brain. However, I would like to demonstrate that a change in the motor function might affect the cognitive function by illustrating some examples. For instance, we can easily perceive that our field of view is not always the same size and form as those of a picture frame. The field of view of a person lying down might be changed if we bend his arm or leg. His field of view might show bilateral asymmetry. In addition to exploring neurological views of unilateral spatial neglect, I would like to refer to how Merleau-Ponty described and carried out his inquiry into such phenomena, as he showed various functions of the body through describing various phenomena in our daily lives

カラダ トーク アルイワ カラダ ヒョウゲン ワークショップ ノ エイゾウ キロクカ ニツイテ

ファイル名:karadatalk_dance_with_water_on_Concrete.wmv/m4v は、本論で参照される「コンクリートの水溜まり」映像ファイル名:karadatalk_dance_incense.wmv/m4v は、本論で参照される「お香踊り」映

IL‐17E (IL‐25) and IL‐17RB promote respiratory syncytial virus‐induced pulmonary disease

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141555/1/jlb0809.pd

Research Promotion in Nursing, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Medical Engineering - Appeal and Recommendation to the Colleague -

[Summary] Despite of the severe situations of insufficient money, labor, time, and communication, we want to promote the research activity in our university to the level of major institutions. The first step we propose is to acquire the external research grants from public resources. The specific proposal is described in grant application to increase the probability of successful adoption of the grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of Japan

An Essential Regulatory Role of Downstream of Kinase-1 in the Ovalbumin-Induced Murine Model of Asthma

The downstream of kinase (DOK)-1 is involved in the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) pathway in mast cells, but the role of DOK-1 in the pathogenesis of asthma has not been defined. In this study, we have demonstrated a novel regulatory role of DOK-1 in airway inflammation and physiologic responses in a murine model of asthma using lentiviral vector containing DOK-1 cDNA or DOK-1-specific ShRNA. The OVA-induced inflammatory cells, airway hyperresponsiveness, Th2 cytokine expression, and mucus response were significantly reduced in DOK-1 overexpressing mice compared to OVA-challenged control mice. The transgenic introduction of DOK-1 significantly stimulated the activation and expression of STAT-4 and T-bet, while impressively inhibiting the activation and expression of STAT-6 and GATA-3 in airway epithelial cells. On the other hand, DOK-1 knockdown mice enhanced STAT-6 expression and its nuclear translocation compared to OVA-challenged control mice. When viewed in combination, our studies demonstrate DOK-1 regulates allergen-induced Th2 immune responses by selective stimulation and inhibition of STAT-4 and STAT-6 signaling pathways, respectively. These studies provide a novel insight on the regulatory role of DOK-1 in allergen-induced Th2 inflammation and airway responses, which has therapeutic potential for asthma and other allergic diseases