The distribution of Metzgeria violacea in the Apuseni Mountains (Romanian Western Carpathians)

Metzgeria violacea (Ach.) Dumort. was known from three places in Romania. It recently has been found at several localities in the Apuseni Mountains, mostly in deep gorges, on twigs of different woody species. The distribution, ecology and the distinguishing characters from the related species are discussed.

Structural Analysis of Si(OEt) 4 Deposits on Au(111)/SiO 2 Substrates at the Nanometer Scale Using Focused Electron Beam-Induced Deposition

The focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) process was used by employing a GeminiSEM with a beam characteristic of 1 keV and 24 pA to deposit pillars and line-shaped nanostructures with heights between 9 nm and 1 μm and widths from 5 nm to 0.5 μm. All structures have been analyzed to their composition looking at a desired Si/O/C content measuring a 1:2:0 ratio. The C content of the structure was found to be ∼over 60% for older deposits kept in air (∼at room temperature) and less than 50% for later deposits, only 12 h old. Upon depositing Si­(OEt)4 at high rates and at a deposition temperature of under 0 °C, the obtained Si content of our structures was between 10 and 15 atom % (compositional percentage). The FEBID structures have been deposited on Au(111)/SiO2. The Au(111) was chosen as a substrate for the deposition of Si­(OEt)4 due to its structural and morphological properties. With its surface granulation following a Chevron pattern and surface defects having an increased contribution to the changes in the composition of the final structure content, the Au(111) surface characteristic behavior at the deposition of Si­(OEt)4 is an increase in the O ratio and a reduction in the nanodeposit heights

<ARTICLES>Obligations against bankrupts' estates and separate satisfaction of secured creditors

Fe­(II) complexes have long been assumed unsuitable as photosensitizers because of their low-lying nonemissive metal centered (MC) states, which inhibit electron transfer. Herein, we describe the excited-state relaxation of a novel Fe­(II) complex that incorporates N-heterocyclic carbene ligands designed to destabilize the MC states. Using first-principles quantum nuclear wavepacket simulations we achieve a detailed understanding of the photoexcited decay mechanism, demonstrating that it is dominated by an ultrafast intersystem crossing from ¹MLCT–³MLCT proceeded by slower kinetics associated with the conversion into the ³MC states. The slowest component of the ³MLCT decay, important in the context of photosensitizers, is much longer than related Fe­(II) complexes because the population transfer to the ³MC states occurs in a region of the potential where the energy gap between the ³MLCT and ³MC states is large, making the population transfer inefficient

Is there a temperature?: conceptual challenges at high energy, acceleration and complexity

Physical bodies can be hot or cold, moving or standing,simple or complex. In all such cases one assumes that their respective temperature is a well defined attribute.  What if, however, the ordinary measurement of temperature by direct body contact is not possible?  One conjectures its value, and yes, its very existence, by reasoning based on basic principles of thermodynamics. Is There a Temperature?  Conceptual Challenges at High Energy, Acceleration and Complexity, by Dr. Tamás Sándor Bíró, begins by asking the questions “Do we understand and can we explain in a unified framework the temperature of distant radiation sources, including event horizons, and that of the quark matter produced in high energy accelerator experiments? Or the astounding fluctuations on financial markets?” The book reviews the concept of temperature from its beginnings through the evolution of classical thermodynamics and atomic statistical physics through contemporary models of high energy particle matter.  Based on the views of high energy nuclear physicists, it crosses over several traditional disciplines of university physics. Recent developments towards an abstract, general and thermodynamically consistent treatment of non-extensive systems are worked in. Exercise problems and solutions help to deepen the reader’s understanding into the details behind the theories

Mental fictionalism

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