Friction and wear phenomena of vegetable oil based lubricants with additives at severe sliding wear conditions

The tribological responses of palm oil and soybean oil, combined with two commercial antiwear additives (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and boron compound), were investigated at a lubricant temperature of 100 °C and under severe contact conditions in a reciprocating sliding contact. The friction coefficient of palm oil with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate was closest to the commercial mineral engine oil, with a 2% difference. The soybean oil with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate produced a 57% improvement in wear resistance compared to its pure oil state. The existence of boron nitride in vegetable oils was only responsive in reduction of wear rather than friction. The response of commercial antiwear additives with vegetable oils showed a potential for the future improvement in the performance of vegetable oils

Verifikasi Lapangan Peta Kemiskinan Indonesia 2010

Laporan studi verifikasi lapangan ini merupakan salah satu bagian dari studi peta kemiskinan dan penghidupan Indonesia. studi ini bertujuan untuk membuat estimasi angka kemiskinan di wilayah kecil, hingga tingkat kecamatan dan desa/kelurahan, serta menyusun peta kemiskinan dan penghidupan masyarakat. estimasi angka kemiskinan dibuat untuk seluruh Indonesia berdasarkan pendekatan pengeluaran rumah tangga dengan menggunakan data-data dari survey sosial-ekonomi nasional (susenas) 2010, potensi desa (podes) 2011, dan sensus penduduk (sp) 2010. studi verifikasi lapangan peta kemiskinan Indonesia 2010 ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah estimasi kemiskinan yang telah dilakukan sesuai dengan kondisi kemiskinan masyarakat sebenarnya. studi ini dilakukan di tiga provinsi (Sulawesi Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan bangka belitung) dan dilaksanakan pada tiga kabupaten/kota di setiap provinsi sebagai sampel (kota parepare, kabupaten sumbawa barat dan kabupaten bangka barat). pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui focus group discussion (fgd) di tingkat kabupaten, kecamatan dan desa untuk mengetahui gambaran kondisi kemiskinan di masing-masing wilayah. selain itu, juga dilakukan wawancara dengan aparat pemerintah, tokoh masyarakat dan penduduk desa/kelurahan untuk memperkaya informasi kondisi kemiskinan masyarakat. analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan rank correlation dan pairwaise correlation sebagai alat untuk mengetahui kesesuian antara hasil estimasi kemiskinan dengang hasil fgd dan wawancara. secara rata-rata, lebih dari 55% ranking antardaerah berdasarkan estimasi kemiskinan 2010 sesuai dengan hasil fgd untuk kondisi tahun 2010 dan 2013. tingkat kesesuaian ranking 2010 lebih baik dari pada tahun 2013. di kabupaten yang sama, kecamatan yang memiliki nilai relative standard error (rse) yang tinggi memiliki rank correlation dan tingkat kesesuaian (match) yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kecamatan yang memiliki rse rendah. perbandingan antara kondisi kemiskinan berdasarkan garis kemiskinan nasional (gkn) dengan garis kemiskinan $2 purchasing power parity (ppp) pada 2010 dan 2013 memperlihatkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat terhadap proporsi penduduk miskin berdasarkan standar lokal lebih mendekati angka proporsi penduduk di bawah$2ppp daripada proporsi penduduk di bawah gkn. oleh karena itu, estimasi angka kemiskinan 2010 di tingkat kecamatan dan desa/kelurahan ini perlu digunakan dengan kehati-hatian, dengan memperhatikan nilai rse, Perubahan kondisi saat ini dibandingkan dengan kondisi 2010 dan karakteristik lokal yang ada. kata kunci: peta kemiskinan, verifikasi, fgd, rank correlation, pairwaise correlatio

Combined adenocarcinoid and mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Adenocarcinoid of the appendix is a rare malignant tumour with features of both adenocarcinoma and carcinoid, showing both epithelial and endocrine differentiation. Mucinous cystadenoma is the commonest of the benign neoplasms of the appendix, with an incidence of 0.6% in appendicectomy specimens. We report a rare combination of these tumours and discuss the latest treatment options. To the best of our knowledge, only six cases have been reported in the literature to date.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 71-year-old Caucasian man presented to our department with a right iliac fossa mass associated with pain. Laparoscopy revealed an adenocarcinoid of the appendix in combination with mucinous cystadenoma. He underwent a radical right hemicolectomy with clear margins and lymph nodes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Adenocarcinoids account for 2% of primary appendiceal malignancies. Most tumours are less than 2 cm in diameter and 20% of them metastasize to the ovaries. The mean age for presentation is 59 years and the 5-year survival rate ranges from 60% to 84%. Right hemicolectomy is generally advised if any of the following features are present: tumours greater than 2 cm, involvement of resection margins, greater than 2 mitoses/10 high-power fields on histology, extension of tumour beyond serosa. Chemotherapy mostly with 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin is advised for remnant disease after surgery. Cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy can offer improved survival for advanced peritoneal dissemination.</p

Selective Inhibitors of the JMJD2 Histone Demethylases: Combined Nondenaturing Mass Spectrometric Screening and Crystallographic Approaches†

Ferrous ion and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) oxygenases catalyze the demethylation of N(epsilon)-methylated lysine residues in histones. Here we report studies on the inhibition of the JMJD2 subfamily of histone demethylases, employing binding analyses by nondenaturing mass spectrometry (MS), dynamic combinatorial chemistry coupled to MS, turnover assays, and crystallography. The results of initial binding and inhibition assays directed the production and analysis of a set of N-oxalyl-d-tyrosine derivatives to explore the extent of a subpocket at the JMJD2 active site. Some of the inhibitors were shown to be selective for JMJD2 over the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase PHD2. A crystal structure of JMJD2A in complex with one of the potent inhibitors was obtained; modeling other inhibitors based on this structure predicts interactions that enable improved inhibition for some compounds

Development of Low Cost HF Antenna for Amplitude Observation at Equatorial Region

In this paper the development of low cost antenna for High Frequency (HF) has been proposed. The proposed antenna is designed to operate from 3 MHz until 30 MHz for space weather observation. The antenna consists of small loop with primary and secondary loop. The primary and secondary purpose for radiating element while a lumped element being placed in series with the secondary loop for frequency tuning. Circumference size is taken from the 1/10 or 10% of wavelength, with circumference of 2.14 M and diameter of 0.64 M and able to capture the frequency at 15.21 and 15.34 MHz respectively. 4nec2 software has been used to bear out the simulation results. The antennas prototype has been designed, constructed and measured. The return loss measurement of antenna is -30dB, at 14 MHz. An omni directional radiation pattern measurement has been carried out at 15 MHz for signal transmitting

Aptness of kenaf powder as a friction modifier in the fabrication of brake friction material by powder metallurgy route

Braking system is one of the important passive safety features for sustaining the vehicle’s speed while driving downhill, to decelerate the motorcycle and completely stop the moving vehicle. Brake friction materials play an important role in resisting the movement of vehicle and composed of four components (binder, reinfored materials, friction modifier materials and filler materials). This work is to investigate the effect of the kenaf powder as a friction modifier on mechanical and tribological properties. Four brake friction material formulations (K, KA, KB and KC) have been prepared through powder metallurgy route. The samples were examined for their porosity, hardness, COF and thicknes loss properties. Sample KA, KB, KC which composed of kenaf powders had a higher COF than sample K, without composed of kenaf powders. Test results show that sample KB which was composed of 10 volume percentage of kenaf powders is the best formulation based on COF and thickness loss results. Thus, it could be concluded that kenaf powders can be used as a friction modifer in brake friction material formulations

Aerodynamic Performances of MAV Wing Shapes / N. I. Ismail...[et al.]

In general, there are four common Low Reynolds Number wing’s designs for fixed wing Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) which known as Rectangular, Zimmerman, Inverse Zimmerman and Ellipse wing. However, each wing design produces diverse performance and in fact the aerodynamic comparison study among the wings is still lack. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the basic aerodynamic performance found on Rectangular, Zimmerman, Inverse Zimmerman and Ellipse wing designs with view to find the optimal wing shape for Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) configuration. Here, each design was analysed based on simulation works. The results show that at stall angle, the Ellipse wing has maximum lift coefficient ( ) recorded at 1.12 which is at least 4.33% higher than the other wing designs. Based on drag coefficient ( ) analysis, the Inverse Zimmerman Wing exhibited the lowest minimum drag value at 0.033 which is 8.45% lower than the other wing’s designs. In moment coefficient analysis, the results reveal that the Inverse Zimmerman Wing has produced the steepest curve slope value at -0.36 which is 17.39% higher than the other wings. The aerodynamic efficiency ( ⁄) study has also revealed that Zimmerman Wing recorded the highest ⁄value at 6.80 and at least 1.35% higher than to the other wing. Based on these results, it was concluded that Zimmerman wing has the highest potential to be adopted as MAV wing due to its optimal aerodynamic efficiency

Malignancy risk analysis in patients with inadequate fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid

Background Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the standard diagnostic modality for thyroid nodules. However, it has limitations among which is the incidence of non-diagnostic results (Thy1). Management of cases with repeatedly non-diagnostic FNAC ranges from simple observation to surgical intervention. We aim to evaluate the incidence of malignancy in non-diagnostic FNAC, and the success rate of repeated FNAC. We also aim to evaluate risk factors for malignancy in patients with non-diagnostic FNAC. Materials and Methods Retrospective analyses of consecutive cases with thyroid non diagnostic FNAC results were included. Results Out of total 1657 thyroid FNAC done during the study period, there were 264 (15.9%) non-diagnostic FNAC on the first attempt. On repeating those, the rate of a non-diagnostic result on second FNAC was 61.8% and on third FNAC was 47.2%. The overall malignancy rate in Thy1 FNAC was 4.5% (42% papillary, 42% follicular and 8% anaplastic), and the yield of malignancy decreased considerably with successive non-diagnostic FNAC. Ultrasound guidance by an experienced head neck radiologist produced the lowest non-diagnostic rate (38%) on repetition compared to US guidance by a generalist radiologist (65%) and by non US guidance (90%). Conclusions There is a low risk of malignancy in patients with a non-diagnostic FNAC result, commensurate to the risk of any nodule. The yield of malignancy decreased considerably with successive non-diagnostic FNAC

Driving Innovation through Big Open Linked Data (BOLD): Exploring Antecedents using Interpretive Structural Modelling

YesInnovation is vital to find new solutions to problems, increase quality, and improve profitability. Big open linked data (BOLD) is a fledgling and rapidly evolving field that creates new opportunities for innovation. However, none of the existing literature has yet considered the interrelationships between antecedents of innovation through BOLD. This research contributes to knowledge building through utilising interpretive structural modelling to organise nineteen factors linked to innovation using BOLD identified by experts in the field. The findings show that almost all the variables fall within the linkage cluster, thus having high driving and dependence powers, demonstrating the volatility of the process. It was also found that technical infrastructure, data quality, and external pressure form the fundamental foundations for innovation through BOLD. Deriving a framework to encourage and manage innovation through BOLD offers important theoretical and practical contributions