Analysis of urbanisation, industrialization, irrigation activities, and ground water quality in Indonesia

There is a growing need to address groundwater quality on a global scale, particularly in countries that heavily rely on urbanisation and industrialization. This has led to an increased focus on dedicated research efforts. This study aims to examine the impact of urbanisation, industrialization, and irrigation activities on groundwater quality in Rengel District, Tuban Regency, Indonesia. Additionally, the research explores the moderating influence of government support in the context of urbanization, industrialization, irrigation activities, and groundwater quality in Indonesia. Primary data were gathered through surveys conducted with officials from the Ministry of National Development Planning in Indonesia, and the reliability of the data and interrelationships among variables were assessed using SPSS-AMOS. The results suggest that there is a link between urbanisation and irrigation activities and groundwater quality in Indonesia. On the other hand, industrialization seems to have a negative impact on groundwater quality. Furthermore, the study highlights the important role of government support in influencing the connections between urbanisation, industrialization, irrigation activities, and groundwater quality in Indonesia.Nurkholis (Environmental Health Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University), Azizah (Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University), Mohd Talib Latif (Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)Includes bibliographical reference

Carbon emission from vehicular source in selected industrial areas in Malaysia

Vehicle emission has been the major source of environmental pollution for the past 30 years. The urbanization, industrialization and traffic systems growth are causing more air pollution problem in the city creating an uncomfortable atmosphere to live in. Carbon emission is one of the main air pollutants causing problems in the local and global community. This paper discusses the effect of increasing vehicular traffic on the road in a few industrial sites within cities in Malaysia to the release of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. This paper studies the traffic trend using census data from JKJR and converted into carbon emission using DEFRA GHG Conversion Factors and air quality trend from Alam Sekitar Malaysia in three selected industrial area in Malaysia, which are Shah Alam Industrial Area, Seremban-Senawang Industrial Area and Kuantan-Pekan Industrial Area. Carbon monoxide concentration trend in Shah Alam and Seremban-Senawang fluctuates with the highest concentration of 1.78ppm for Shah Alam and 0.77ppm in Seremban-Senawang in the earlier years and becoming lower in 2010 and 2011 compared to the trend in Kuantan-Pekan, which increased since 2001 to 2011 with the highest concentration of 0.54ppm. Carbon dioxide concentration is highest at Shah Alam ranging from 18067.17 to 88150.01 kg CO2 /km travelled compared to Kuantan-Pekan ranging from 3520.39 to 6953.69 kg CO2 /km travelled and Seremban-Senawang ranging from 3783.29 to 5734.30 kg CO2 /km travelled. Based on the early findings, the increasing vehicular traffic resulted in increment of carbon emission in the atmosphere

KELARUTAN MAGNESIUM EMAIL PADA PERENDAMAN GIGI DALAM MINUMAN YANG MENGANDUNG ASAM BIKARBONAT DAN ASAM SITRAT ( IN VITRO )

2014BAB VI \ud PEMBAHASAN \ud \ud \ud \ud Background: Enamel is the outermost layer OF TEETH that covers the entire tooth \ud crown and is the hardest part of the bodY AND formed by cells called ameloblasts of a \ud network experiencing a very high Mineralization process that is the hardest tissue of the \ud entire network in the human body that covers the entire crown of the tooth and is the \ud hardest part of the body. Eventhough most COMPOSITION attached to tooth enamel, \ud but the enamel keep susceptible to acid attack, either directly from the diet or from the \ud metabolism of the bacteria that ferment carbohydrates we eat and produce acid. A diet \ud rich in acid will accelerate the damage to the tooth enamel. Researchers had previously \ud suggested that the more frequent contact of teeth with acid-containing soft drinks, the \ud greater the occurrence of enamel mineral solubility in saliva. Saliva is the most \ud important protective tooth surface against acid attack. The purpose of this research is to \ud know about the differences acidic beverage containing bicarbonate and citric acid on the \ud solubility of magnesium after soaking teeth (in vitro). Method: The pre-experiment \ud laboratory (invitro) with time-series design was conducted at BPTP Laboratory in Maros \ud of South Celebes by using 2 permanen of tooth extraction of human. Statistical analysis \ud was performed by t-test using SPSS program version 16.0. Result and Conclusion: \ud There are significant differences in the levels of solubility of magnesium between \ud containing drinks citric acid and bicarbonate acidic beverages with P <0.05. \ud Keyword : Magnesium, Saliva, Bicarbonate, Sitrat, Enamel \ud Latar Belakang: Email gigi merupakan lapisan terluar gigi, yang menutupi seluruh \ud mahkota gigi dan merupakan bagian tubuh yang paling keras dan dibentuk oleh sel-sel \ud yang disebut ameloblast suatu jaringan yang mengalami proses mineralisasi yang sangat \ud tinggi sehingga merupakan jaringan yang paling keras dari seluruh jaringan dalam tubuh \ud manusia. Meskipun dengan sifat yang melekat pada email gigi namun email rentan \ud terhadap serangan asam, baik langsung dari makanan atau dari hasil metabolisme bakteri \ud yang memfermentasi karbohidrat yang kita makan dan menghasilkan asam. Pola makan \ud yang kaya asam akan mempercepat kerusakan email gigi. Para peneliti sebelumnya \ud mengemukakan bahwa semakin sering gigi berkontak dengan minuman ringan yang \ud mengandung asam maka makin besar pula terjadinya kelarutan mineral email gigi \ud dalam saliva. Saliva merupakan salah satu faktor penting untuk melindungi permukaan \ud gigi terhadap permukaan asam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui tentang \ud perbedaan minuman yang mengandung asam bikarbonat dan asam sitrat terhadap \ud kelarutan magnesium setelah perendaman gigi secara (invitro). Metode : Jenis penelitian \ud yang digunakan adalah penelitian pra eksperimen laboratorium (invitro) dengan desai \ud penelitian time series, dilakukan di Laboratorium BPTP Maros Sulawesi Selatan dengan \ud jumlah subjek 2 gigi permanen manusia post ekstraksi (n=2) . Analisi statistic dilakukan \ud dengan menggunakan uji-t menggunakan program SPSS versi 16.0. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Ada perbedaan yang signifikan kadar kelarutan magnesium pada \ud minuman yang mengandung asam sitrat dan minuman yang mengandung asam \ud bikarbonat dengan p<0.05. \ud \ud Kata Kunci: Magnesium, Saliva, Bikarbonat, Sitrat, Email \ud \ud

Correlation between hotspots and air quality in Pekanbaru-Riau, Indonesia in 2006-2007

Biomass burning is one of the main sources of air pollution in South East Asia, predominantly during the dry period between June and October each year. Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia, have been identified as the regions connected to biomass burning due to their involvement in agricultural activities. In Sumatra, the Province of Riau has always been found to have had the highest number of hotspots during haze episodes. This study aims to determine the concentration of five major pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3) in Riau, Indonesia, for 2006 and 2007. It will also correlate the level of air pollutants to the number of hotspots recorded, using the hotspot information system introduced by the Malaysian Centre for Remote Sensing (MACRES). Overall, the concentration of air pollutants recorded was found to increase with the number of hotspots. Nevertheless, only the concentration of PM10 during a haze episode is significantly different when compared to its concentration in non-haze conditions. In fact, in August 2006, when the highest number of hotspots was recorded the concentration of PM10 was found to increase by more than 20% from its normal concentration. The dispersion pattern, as simulated by the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT), showed that the distribution of PM10 was greatly influenced by the wind direction. Furthermore, the particles had the capacity to reach the Peninsular Malaysia within 42 hours of emission from the point sources as a consequence of the South West monsoon

Levoglucosan as an Indicator of Biomass Burning from Selected Tropical Plants

South East Asia has been recognized as one of the region most affected by atmospheric haze from biomass burning and the combustion of various plants. The distribution of atmospheric aerosols from biomass burning itself can be determined through the level of levoglucosan found in the atmosphere. In this study, the amount of levoglucosan produced by five selected tropical plants after combustion processes was determined using the modified anthrone-sulfuric colorimetric method. The results showed that the concentration of levoglucosan in the plant soot (after combustion) ranged from between 0.49 ± 0.28 mg/g to 10.51 ± 4.47 mg/g. Among the five plants, Oryza sativa was found to have the highest levoglucosan content and the amount of levoglucosan produced by biomass burning was found to be influenced by the photo oxidation processes e.g. by ultra violet radiation and ozonization

Composition and sources of Sterols in Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia.

This study explores the role of sterols as lipid biomarkers to indicate their input which originates from various sources in the marine environment. Sterols and their ratios were investigated in sediments taken from sixteen sampling stations at Pulau Tinggi, Johor in order to assess the sources of organic matter. The compounds extracted from the sediments were quantified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The distributions of sterols indicated that organic matter at all sampling stations originated from a mixture of marine source and terrestrial origins at different proportions. A total of eleven sterols were quantified, with the major compounds being phytosterols (44% of total sterols), cholesterol (11%), brassicasterol (11%) and fecal sterols (12%)

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human blood samples using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry- a review

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants with toxic effects and adverse health impacts on general population. Several methods of extraction had been applied to extract PAHs from human blood samples such as solid phase extraction (SPE). The SPE represents one of the most common techniques for extraction and clean-up procedures as it needs low quantity of solvents with less manual efforts. Similarly, various analytical instruments like gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to measure the PAHs levels. Gas chromatography is a simple, fast, and very efficient method for solvents and small organic molecules. This review provides an overview of the measured concentrations of PAHs in human blood samples through the application of SPE and GC-MS during the last ten years. While these studies used various solvents, their application of SPE method and GC-MS revealed rewarding results about the determination of PAHs levels in the human samples

Will you boycott?: A study of Malaysian Non-Muslims’ willingness to boycott

Purpose : This paper examined the motivations and willingness to boycott of Non-Muslim consumers in Malaysia; where Islam is prominent.The underlying base used is an on-going boycott spurred by Palestinian/Israel conflict in the Middle East, which targets American-originated firms operating in Malaysia. Design/Methodology/Approach: Two firms were selected based on their market presence, consumer familiarity and product affordability. In total 340 questionnaires were obtained from Non-Muslim university students and validated by multiple regression analysis. Findings :Three factors were found to be significant in predicting willingness to boycott; which were self-enhancement, perceived egregious behavior, and country image. Originality/value : This paper addressed boycott motivations from the context of Malaysian Non-Muslims quantitatively, based on an issue strongly related to Muslims.The results may have some implications on multinational firms, non- government organizations, policymakers as well the consumers

An examination of ethnic-based consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity at the ethnic level. This study examines both effects on an ethnic majority’s consumption of an ethnic minority’s products and services, focusing on the relationship between two ethnic groups in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach The relationship between the constructs were analyzed using the co-variance-based structural equation modeling techniques with analysis of a moment structures version 21. Self-administered questionnaires were obtained from 325 Malay respondents in 2 Malaysian cities. Findings The results suggest that ethnic-based consumer ethnocentrism can negatively affect product judgment and product judgment can affect consumers’ willingness to buy. Two significant findings were rejected as the directions of the results were not as hypothesized. Research limitations/implications Future research could study other ethnic groups of different countries using specific ethnic related products and/or brands. Originality/value This research suggests that ethnic-based ethnocentrism and ethnic-based animosity are important factors for businesses to consider as both can affect ethnic consumers’ purchasing behavior. Depending on ethnic consumers’ perception toward a brand, a manager may face either an opportunity or a challenge. Acknowledgements This study is funded by the International Islamic University Malaysia Research Initiative Grant Scheme Research IIUM RIGS17-009-0584. The authors would like to thank the University for generously funding the research