Salivary IgA antibody responses to Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans in preterm and fullterm newborn children

Objectives: The intensities and specificities of salivary IgA antibody responses to antigens of Streptococcus mutans, the main pathogen of dental caries, may influence colonization by these organisms during the first 1.5 year of life. Thus, the ontogeny of salivary IgA responses to oral colonizers continues to warrant investigation, especially with regard to the influence of birth conditions, e.g. prematurity, on the ability of children to efficiently respond to oral microorganisms. In this study, we characterised the salivary antibody responses to two bacterial species which are prototypes of pioneer and pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity (Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans, respectively) in fullterm (FT) and preterm (PT) newborn children. Methods: Salivas from 123 infants (70 FT and 53 PT) were collected during the first 10 h after birth and levels of IgA and IgM antibodies and the presence of S. mutans and S. mitis were analysed respectively by ELISA and by chequerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Two subgroups of 24 FT and 24 PT children were compared with respect to patterns of antibody specificities against S. mutans and S. mitis antigens, using Western blot assays. Cross-adsorption of 10 infant's saliva was tested to S. mitis, S. mutans and Enterococcus faecalis antigens. Results: Salivary levels of IgA at birth were 2.5-fold higher in FT than in PT children (Mann-Whitney; P < 0.05). Salivary IgA antibodies reactive with several antigens of S. mitis and S. mutans were detected at birth in children with undetectable levels of those bacteria. Adsorption of infant saliva with cells of S. mutans produced a reduction of antibodies recognizing S. mitis antigens in half of the neonates. The diversity and intensity of IgA responses were lower in PT compared to FT children, although those differences were not significant. Conclusion: These data provide evidence that children have salivary IgA antibodies shortly after birth, which might influence the establishment of the oral microbiota, and that the levels of salivary antibody might be related to prematurity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [07/57346-5, 07/50807-7]Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq) [472928/2007-4

Salivary IgA antibody responses to Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans in preterm and fullterm newborn children

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Objectives: The intensities and specificities of salivary IgA antibody responses to antigens of Streptococcus mutans, the main pathogen of dental caries, may influence colonization by these organisms during the first 1.5 year of life. Thus, the ontogeny of salivary IgA responses to oral colonizers continues to warrant investigation, especially with regard to the influence of birth conditions, e.g. prematurity, on the ability of children to efficiently respond to oral microorganisms. In this study, we characterised the salivary antibody responses to two bacterial species which are prototypes of pioneer and pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity (Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans, respectively) in fullterm (FT) and preterm (PT) newborn children. Methods: Salivas from 123 infants (70 FT and 53 PT) were collected during the first 10 h after birth and levels of IgA and IgM antibodies and the presence of S. mutans and S. mitis were analysed respectively by ELISA and by chequerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Two subgroups of 24 FT and 24 PT children were compared with respect to patterns of antibody specificities against S. mutans and S. mitis antigens, using Western blot assays. Cross-adsorption of 10 infant's saliva was tested to S. mitis, S. mutans and Enterococcus faecalis antigens. Results: Salivary levels of IgA at birth were 2.5-fold higher in FT than in PT children (Mann-Whitney; P < 0.05). Salivary IgA antibodies reactive with several antigens of S. mitis and S. mutans were detected at birth in children with undetectable levels of those bacteria. Adsorption of infant saliva with cells of S. mutans produced a reduction of antibodies recognizing S. mitis antigens in half of the neonates. The diversity and intensity of IgA responses were lower in PT compared to FT children, although those differences were not significant. Conclusion: These data provide evidence that children have salivary IgA antibodies shortly after birth, which might influence the establishment of the oral microbiota, and that the levels of salivary antibody might be related to prematurity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.576647653Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Prospective evaluation of cytokine in saliva of preterm and fullterm neonates

Little is known about the ontogeny of the cytokines in saliva of newborn. Previous studies showed that levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva could be influenced by prematurity. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in sample saliva of fullterm (FT) and preterm (PT) neonates at birth (TO) and after 3 months of age (T3). Saliva from 50 infants (25 FT and 25 PT) were collected at TO and T3 and analyzed by Luminex Corporation (Austin, Texas, United States) multiplex assay. Clinical characteristics and social-economic data were assessed through questionnaires. All cytokines could be detected at birth in levels higher than found in T3. the mean levels and frequency of detection of cytokines were significantly higher in PT than FT at TO (P < 0.05). There were a positive association between IL-10 and infection (P < 0.05) and IL-6 and stress (P < 0.005). Salivary cytokines were detected within the first hours after birth and their levels decreased after 3. months. the cytokine levels were different between PT and FT children and appear to be influenced by stress situation and/or antigenic microbial challenge. the results confirm the necessity for further studies about the mucosal immune system by using of saliva as a source of diagnostic by identification of biomarkers of the status of the immune. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ São Paulo, Med Sch Ribeirao Preto, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, BrazilFAPESP: 07/57346-5FAPESP: 07/50807-7CNPq: 472928/2007-4Web of Scienc