Effect of ultrasound on the setting characteristics of glass ionomer cements studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Objective: To investigate the effect of ultrasound (US) application on the setting of glass ionomer cement (GIC) by using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR/FTIR) spectrometer. Methods: Two conventional GICs, Fuji IX Fast and Ketac Molar were studied. US application was started at 30 s or 40 s after mixing and was applied for times between 15 and 55 s on samples of two different thicknesses. The samples were analysed using ATR/FTIR.Results: US accelerated the curing process in both cements, US needed to be applied for more than 15 s. Both Fuji IX and Ketac Molar showed increased setting on increasing the US application duration from 15 s to 55 s. Increased setting of the GICs was produced when US application started 40 s after mixing rather than 30 s after mixing. Conclusions: The significant findings of the study include that US application accelerated the setting processes, by accelerating the formation of the acid salts. The salt formation increased with increase time of US application. The effect of application of US to setting GICs is influenced by time of the start of application of the US. The effects appear to material specific, with Ketac Molar showing a greater effect than Fuji IX

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from Saudi Arabia

This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.Infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012 as an important respiratory disease with high fatality rates of 40%–60%. Despite the increased number of cases over subsequent years, the number of pediatric cases remained low. A review of studies conducted from June 2012 to April 19, 2016 reported 31 pediatric MERS-CoV cases. In this paper, we present the clinical and laboratory features of seven patients with pediatric MERS. Five patients had no underlying medical illnesses, and three patients were asymptomatic. Of the seven cases, four (57%) patients sought medical advice within 1–7 days from the onset of symptoms. The three other patients (43%) were asymptomatic and were in contact with patients with confirmed diagnosis of MERS-CoV. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (57%), cough (14%), shortness of breath (14%), vomiting (28%), and diarrhea (28%). Two (28.6%) patients had platelet counts of < 150 × 109/L, and one patient had an underlying end-stage renal disease. The remaining patients presented with normal blood count, liver function, and urea and creatinine levels. The documented MERS-CoV Ct values were 32–38 for four of the seven cases. Two patients (28.6%) had abnormal chest radiographic findings of bilateral infiltration. One patient (14.3%) required ventilator support, and two patients (28.6%) required oxygen supplementation. All the seven patients were discharged without complications

Some Hematological and Blood Biochemical Profile of Iraqi Riverine Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) During Different Gestation Periods

This study was conducted to demonstrate some hematological and blood biochemical profile of Iraqi riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during pregnancy. Ten out of 22 adult buffaloes of 4.6 ± 0.97 years old were used in this study. Blood samples was collected from each buffalo from mating (day 0), day 22-24 PM, 10-12 days interval during gestation period. Hemoglobin (Hb) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) at days 103 - 106, 133 - 136 and 238 - 241 of pregnancy than those at 32 -34 days PM. The AST was highest at days 133 - 136 of pregnancy. Higher and lower ALP activity was noted at days 178-181 of gestation. A considerable increase in plasma albumin occurred at days 268 - 271 of gestation in comparison to days 42 - 44 PM. In conclusion, nutritional deficiencies and metabolic disorders during gestation in riverine buffaloes can be detected by monitoring blood alterations

Brain abscess following rituximab infusion in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris.

BackgroundImmunocompromised patients are at increased risk for developing meningitis or, rarely, brain abscess with opportunistic organisms like Listeria monocytogenes.Case reportA 52 year-old Saudi Arabian woman who was diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris and diabetes and had been on prednisolone and azathioprine for about 4 years. She presented with headache, low-grade fever, and left-sided weakness 2 weeks after receiving the second dose of rituximab infusion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhanced space-occupying lesion with multiple small cyst-like structures and vasogenic edema in the right temporoparietal area. Her blood culture was positive for Listeria monocytogenes, and a brain biopsy showed necrotic tissues with pus and inflammatory cells. She recovered after a 6-week course of antibiotics with ampicillin and gentamycin.ConclusionsBrain abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes is a risk that should be considered when adding rituximab to the regimen of a patient who is already Immunocompromised

The impact of co-infection of influenza A virus on the severity of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.Ho and colleagues recently drew attention to the consequences of co-infection with Influenza and HIV.1 We present four cases of combined infection with influenza and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Nasopharyngeal swabs or tracheal aspirates were tested for MERS-CoV using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).2, 3 Samples were tested for Influenza A, B and H1N1 by rapid molecular test (GenEXper for detection of flu A, B and 2009 H1N1, Cepheid)

Provision of adaptive and context-aware service discovery for the Internet of Things

The IoT concept has revolutionised the vision of the future Internet with the advent of standards such as 6LoWPAN making it feasible to extend the Internet into previously isolated environments, e.g., WSNs. The abstraction of resources as services, has opened these environments to a new plethora of potential applications. Moreover, the web service paradigm can be used to provide interoperability by offering a standard interface to interact with these services to enable WoT paradigm. However, these networks pose many challenges, in terms of limited resources, that make the adaptability of existing IP-based solutions infeasible. As traditional service discovery and selection solutions demand heavy communication and use bulky formats, which are unsuitable for these resource-constrained devices incorporating sleep cycles to save energy. Even a registry based approach exhibits burdensome traffic in maintaining the availability status of the devices. The feasible solution for service discovery and selection is instrumental to enable the wide application coverage of these networks in the future. This research project proposes, TRENDY, a new compact and adaptive registry-based SDP with context awareness for the IoT, with more emphasis given to constrained networks, e.g., 6LoWPAN It uses CoAP-based light-weight and RESTful web services to provide standard interoperable interfaces, which can be easily translated from HTTP. TRENDY's service selection mechanism collects and intelligently uses the context information to select appropriate services for user applications based on the available context information of users and services. In addition, TRENDY introduces an adaptive timer algorithm to minimise control overhead for status maintenance, which also reduces energy consumption. Its context-aware grouping technique divides the network at the application layer, by creating location-based groups. This grouping of nodes localises the control overhead and provides the base for service composition, localised aggregation and processing of data. Different grouping roles enable the resource-awareness by offering profiles with varied responsibilities, where high capability devices can implement powerful profiles to share the load of other low capability devices. Thus, it allows the productive usage of network resources. Furthermore, this research project proposes APPUB, an adaptive caching technique, that has the following benefits: it allows service hosts to share their load with the resource directory and also decreases the service invocation delay. The performance of TRENDY and its mechanisms is evaluated using an extensive number of experiments performed using emulated Tmote sky nodes in the COOJA environment. The analysis of the results validates the benefit of performance gain for all techniques. The service selection and APPUB mechanisms improve the service invocation delay considerably that, consequently, reduces the traffic in the network. The timer technique consistently achieved the lowest control overhead, which eventually decreased the energy consumption of the nodes to prolong the network lifetime. Moreover, the low traffic in dense networks decreases the service invocations delay, and makes the solution more scalable. The grouping mechanism localises the traffic, which increases the energy efficiency while improving the scalability. In summary, the experiments demonstrate the benefit of using TRENDY and its techniques in terms of increased energy efficiency and network lifetime, reduced control overhead, better scalability and optimised service invocation time

Improved algorithms for TCP congestion control

Reliable and efficient data transfer on the Internet is an important issue. Since late 70’s the protocol responsible for that has been the de facto standard TCP, which has proven to be successful through out the years, its self-managed congestion control algorithms have retained the stability of the Internet for decades. However, the variety of existing new technologies such as high-speed networks (e.g. fibre optics) with high-speed long-delay set-up (e.g. cross-Atlantic links) and wireless technologies have posed lots of challenges to TCP congestion control algorithms. The congestion control research community proposed solutions to most of these challenges. This dissertation adds to the existing work by: firstly tackling the highspeed long-delay problem of TCP, we propose enhancements to one of the existing TCP variants (part of Linux kernel stack). We then propose our own variant: TCP-Gentle. Secondly, tackling the challenge of differentiating the wireless loss from congestive loss in a passive way and we propose a novel loss differentiation algorithm which quantifies the noise in packet inter arrival times and use this information together with the span (ratio of maximum to minimum packet inter arrival times) to adapt the multiplicative decrease factor according to a predefined logical formula. Finally, extending the well-known drift model of TCP to account for wireless loss and some hypothetical cases (e.g. variable multiplicative decrease), we have undertaken stability analysis for the new version of the model

Effect Of Aspect Ratio On Torsional Capacity Of High-Strength Plain Concrete Deep Beams

Twenty high-strength plain concrete deep beams were tested under torsion. The variables were concrete strength and depth/width (aspect) ratio. Concrete strengths of 51.01, 58.53, 76.60 and 83.66 MPa and depth/width (aspect) ratios varying from 1 to 5 were used. The tested beams failed suddenly and violently along a smooth surface. The crack inclinations on the beam surfaces were influenced by the concrete strength and aspect ratio. Test results show that by increasing the concrete strength or by reducing the aspect ratio, the torsional capacity and the beam stiffness increases while the angle of twist decreases. A modification has been suggested to the strength equation of the ACI Code 318-89 for normal-strength concrete shallow beams under torsion to include the effect of high-strength concrete for deep beams. The proposed equation gave .a. good estimate of the experimental torsional strength

Project procurement system selection model (with particular reference to Saudi Arabia)

In the last two decades there has been a significant change in the technical and economic conditions prevailing in the construction industry. The traditional methods of procuring projects are now inadequate to cope with these changes. To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional procurement methods, the construction industry has developed a large number of different procurement systems to secure the relationships between contract parties. The proliferation of different procurement systems has created the problem of how to determine the optimum procurement system for any particular project. A systematic approach for selection of the most appropriate system is now needed. Throughout this thesis an investigation has been made of many of the issues related to the successful formulation of a Project Procurement System Selection Model (PPSSM). The knowledge of client needs in the construction industry is essential to the project success. This research has considered the fundamental role played by client needs in the process of procurement selection. The various categories of procurement system that exist in the construction industry are presented in order to address the benefits and drawbacks of each system. A careful investigation of the rules and regulations governing the Saudi construction industry has contributed very significantly to the success of the model building. An examination of the existing models revealed a number of drawbacks which are discussed in detail in this research. A survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia with the aim of testing the PPSSM for effectiveness and efficiency and assisting the governmental agencies to select the most appropriate procurement system to implement their projects. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and divided into three major parts: Background information; Data needed to operate PPSSM; and Evaluation of the criteria used for the selection of the procurement system. The results of the first and third parts are generated from 100 responses to the questionnaire mailed to the 110 governmental agencies that represent the population of the study, giving an overall response of (91%). For the second part only thirty senior government agency officers were involved in order to maintain consistency of data needed to operate the PPSSM. The data were analyzed using computer statistical packages: Excel and Statistical Analysis System (SAS). On the basis of the synthesis process of the PPSSM, Saudi public clients have selected "design and build" as the most appropriate procurement system to procure their projects with an overall priority of 0.49. Design and manage, construction management, and management contracting ranked second, third and fourth with priorities of 0.258, 0.140 and 0.106 respectively. The outcome of the study demonstrates the effectiveness of PPSSM in helping the client in the construction industry to choose the right procurement system that best answers his needs and fulfills the project requirements

An Investigation of the Accounting Information and Its Role for Capital Expenditure Decisions in the Industrial Companies Listed in Amman Stock Exchange

The study has dealt with accounting information, and its definition as well as its importance. It's aimed to investigate the role of accounting information in making decisions in capital expenditure to industrial companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange. Thus to achieve this goal, the researchers were distributed a questionnaire to a sample of (70) the industrial companies. The researchers have used the necessary groups of statistical methods are available in the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), to achieve the results of the study.An important result of the study, was apparent, that having a statistically significant effect of the three types of accounting information and of (About the expected cash flows at the end of the term of the asset investment, and information cash inflows and outflows, and information cash outflows (tax)). In capital expenditure decisions, and increase awareness of the departments of industrial companies and contribute to awareness of the role of accounting information will contribute significantly to the upgrading and advancement of capital expenditure decisions in the companies mentioned. The main recommendation reached by this study was the continuation of the industrial companies for using accounting information such as expected cash flows at the end of the life of the asset, information of cash outflows (taxes), and the annual cash flow information, which become of their significant impact on capital expenditure decisions. Keywords: Accounting information, decisions capital expenditure, industrial companies