Quantum state engineering in a cavity by Stark chirped rapid adiabatic passage

We propose a robust scheme to generate single-photon Fock states and atom-photon and atom-atom entanglement in atom-cavity systems. We also present a scheme for quantum networking between two cavity nodes using an atomic channel. The mechanism is based on Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) and half-SCRAP processes in a microwave cavity. The engineering of these states depends on the design of the adiabatic dynamics through the static and dynamic Stark shifts.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, to be appeared in PL

Robust creation of atomic W state in a cavity by adiabatic passage

We propose two robust schemes to generate controllable (deterministic) atomic W-states of three three-level atoms interacting with an optical cavity and a laser beam. Losses due to atomic spontaneous emissions and to cavity decay are efficiently suppressed by employing adiabatic passage technique and appropriately designed atom-field couplings. In these schemes the three atoms traverse the cavity-mode and the laser beam and become entangled in the free space outside the cavity.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Optics Communication

Atom-photon, atom-atom and photon-photon entanglement preparation via fractional adiabatic passage

We propose a relatively robust scheme to generate maximally entangled states of (i) an atom and a cavity photon, (ii) two atoms in their ground states, and (iii) two photons in two spatially separate high-Q cavities. It is based on the interaction via fractional adiabatic passage of a three-level atom traveling through a cavity mode and a laser beam. The presence of optical phases is emphasized.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures. We have changed the title, the abstract and the text. The references have been updated. (Accepted by Phys. Rev. A

Chemical compositions and heavy metal contents of Oreochromis niloticus from the main irrigated canals (rayahs) of Nile Delta

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the seasonal variations of the proximate chemical composition, physicochemical, microbiological aspects and heavy metal concentrations of Oreochromis niloticus muscles collected from The Nile rayahs from spring 2014 to winter 2015. Rayahs are the main irrigated canals of Nile Delta, Egypt and represent El Tawfiki, El Menoufy, El Behery, and El Nasery rayahs. Results showed a spatial and temporal significant difference (p<0.01) in the proximate composition and Physicochemical aspects of O. niloticus muscles. The moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and calorific values varied between (78.55–80.77%), (16.10–17.88%), (1.10–1.95%), (0.55–1.50%), (0.10–0.94%) and (78.37–89.73%), respectively. Heavy metal accumulation in the O. niloticus muscles showed irregular distributions with descending order of: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Pb>Cd. Generally, heavy metals, TVB-N, TMA, TBA and TVC did not exceed the maximum permissible limits in the tissues of O. niloticus. The values of Hazard Index (HI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) are lower than the acceptable limits, which indicate that the metals in O. niloticus in the Nile rayahs, Egypt, do not pose any particular human health risk concern. Therefore, O. niloticus muscles collected from four rayahs are safe for human consumption and could be used as a source of healthy diet for humans

CFD simulation model and experimental study to implement a new flowrate formula for a rounded broad crested weir considering the end depth as control section

Weirs can be considered as the major types of flow measurement structures which are implemented along open channels to represent a controlling section to estimate the quantity of flowrate. This study depended on considered the control section at the end edge of weir and relate the depth of water at this edge (Ye) as a function of the critical depth flow (Dc). Consequently, a laboratory study was conducted for ten experiments tests of open canal flow with ten different longitudinal slopes ranged from (0 to 0.0495) in order to estimate such a relationship. The statistical regression analysis results illustrated that the relationship for (Dc with Ye) for all experiments is about 1.45831 as an average. As consequence, a new formula for predicting flowrate over weir was derived. Different statistical indexes were used to investigate the precision of the suggested formula where it appeared a very good agreement with all experimental data. A commotional fluid dynamic simulated model CFD with volume of fluid (VOF) method and (k-ɛ) turbulent models was also applied to verify the formula using FLUENT ANSYS ver. 16. The results indicated that the CFD techniques are able to simulate the flow over the weir and satisfactory the results of the suggested formula with less than 10% percentage error for all experimental tests

Preparation of 2 '-C-13-L-Histidine starting from C-13-Thiocyanate: synthetic access to any site-directed stable isotope enriched L-Histidine

Bio-organic Synthesi

Fatal and non-fatal injury outcomes: results from a purposively sampled census of seven rural subdistricts in Bangladesh

Background 90% of the global burden of injuries is borne by low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, details of the injury burden in LMICs are less clear because of the scarcity of data and population-based studies. The Saving of Lives from Drowning project, implemented in rural Bangladesh, did a census on 1·2 million people to fill this gap. This Article describes the epidemiology of fatal and non-fatal injuries from the study. Methods In this study, we used data from the baseline census conducted as part of the Saving of Lives from Drowning (SoLiD) project. The census was implemented in 51 unions from seven purposively sampled rural subdistricts of Bangladesh between June and November, 2013. Sociodemographic, injury mortality, and morbidity information were collected for the whole population in the study area. We analysed the data for descriptive measures of fatal and non-fatal injury outcomes. Age and gender distribution, socioeconomic characteristics, and injury characteristics such as external cause, intent, location, and body part affected were reported for all injury outcomes. Findings The census covered a population of 1 169 593 from 270 387 households and 451 villages. The overall injury mortality rate was 38 deaths per 100 000 population per year, and 104 703 people sustained major non-fatal injuries over a 6-month recall period. Drowning was the leading external cause of injury death for all ages, and falls caused the most number of non-fatal injuries. Fatal injury rates were highest in children aged 1–4 years. Non-fatal injury rates were also highest in children aged 1–4 years and those aged 65 years and older. Males had more fatal and non-fatal injuries than females across all external causes except for burns. Suicide was the leading cause of injury deaths in individuals aged 15–24 years, and more than 50% of the suicides occurred in females. The home environment was the most common location for most injuries. Interpretation The burden of fatal and non-fatal injuries in rural Bangladesh is substantial, accounting for 44 050 deaths and 21 million people suffering major events annually. Targeted approaches addressing drowning in children (especially those aged 1–4 years), falls among the elderly, and suicide among young female adults are urgently needed to reduce injury deaths and morbidity in Bangladesh

Low Serum Potassium Level and Its Effects on the Severity and the Rate of Hospitalization in Asthmatic Adults

Bronchial asthma is a prevalent issue with significant medical and economic repercussions. Potassium (K) unbalance is associated with airway hyperreactivity, wheezing, and lung function impairment. Forty patients suffering from bronchial asthma, with regular follow-ups in an asthma clinic of the General Qurna Hospital, were investigated in this study. Each individual was questioned and evaluated clinically. Serum (K+) concentration and asthma severity were measured. The used drugs were documented. The total number of hospitalizations owing to asthma exacerbation was determined for the six months preceding the day of testing serum (K+) level. Nineteen patients (48%) had low K+ levels with a mean of 1.52 ±0.92 mmol L-1, while 21 patients (52%) had normal K levels (4.3±0.21 mmol L-1) (P<0.05). The study found that hypokalemia was common in younger patients (mean aged 22.5±1.3 years) Asthmatics females tend to have a significant of hypokalemia than males (58%) (P<0.05)

Static and vibration analysis of functionally graded beams using refined shear deformation theory

Static and vibration analysis of functionally graded beams using refined shear deformation theory is presented. The developed theory, which does not require shear correction factor, accounts for shear deformation effect and coupling coming from the material anisotropy. Governing equations of motion are derived from the Hamilton's principle. The resulting coupling is referred to as triply coupled axial-flexural response. A two-noded Hermite-cubic element with five degree-of-freedom per node is developed to solve the problem. Numerical results are obtained for functionally graded beams with simply-supported, cantilever-free and clamped-clamped boundary conditions to investigate effects of the power-law exponent and modulus ratio on the displacements, natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes