Classical Nonrelativistic Effective Field Theory and the Role of Gravitational Interactions

Coherent oscillation of axions or axion-like particles may give rise to long-lived clumps, called axion stars, because of the attractive gravitational force or its self-interaction. Such a kind of configuration has been extensively studied in the context of oscillons without the effect of gravity, and its stability can be understood by an approximate conservation of particle number in a non-relativistic effective field theory (EFT). We extend this analysis to the case with gravity to discuss the longevity of axion stars and clarify the EFT expansion scheme in terms of gradient energy and Newton's constant. Our EFT is useful to calculate the axion star configuration and its classical lifetime without any ad hoc assumption. In addition, we derive a simple stability condition against small perturbations. Finally, we discuss the consistency of other non-relativistic effective field theories proposed in the literature.Comment: 37 pages, 3 figure

Spin Fluctuation Induced Superconductivity Controlled by Orbital Fluctuation

A microscopic Hamiltonian reflecting the correct symmetry of $f$-orbitals is proposed to discuss superconductivity in heavy fermion systems. In the orbitally degenerate region in which not only spin fluctuations but also orbital fluctuations develop considerably, cancellation between spin and orbital fluctuations destabilizes $d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}$-wave superconductivity. Entering the non-degenerate region by increasing the crystalline electric field, $d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}$-wave superconductivity mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations emerges out of the suppression of orbital fluctuations. We argue that the present scenario can be applied to recently discovered superconductors CeTIn$_{5}$ (T=Ir, Rh, and Co).Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Strong-coupling theory of superconductivity in a degenerate Hubbard model

In order to discuss superconductivity in orbital degenerate systems, a microscopic Hamiltonian is introduced. Based on the degenerate model, a strong-coupling theory of superconductivity is developed within the fluctuation exchange (FLEX) approximation where spin and orbital fluctuations, spectra of electron, and superconducting gap function are self-consistently determined. Applying the FLEX approximation to the orbital degenerate model, it is shown that the $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave superconducting phase is induced by increasing the orbital splitting energy which leads to the development and suppression of the spin and orbital fluctuations, respectively. It is proposed that the orbital splitting energy is a controlling parameter changing from the paramagnetic to the antiferromagnetic phase with the $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave superconducting phase in between.Comment: 4 figures, submitted to PR

Metal-insulator transition in PrRu4_4P12_{12} and SmRu4_4P12_{12} investigated by optical spectroscopy

Electronic structures of the filled-skutterudite compounds PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ and SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$, which undergo a metal-insulator transition (MIT) at $T_{\rm MI}$ = 60 K and 16 K, respectively, have been studied by means of optical spectroscopy. Their optical conductivity spectra develop an energy gap of $\sim$ 10 meV below $T_{\rm MI}$. The observed characteristics of the energy gap are qualitatively different from those of the Kondo semiconductors. In addition, optical phonon peaks in the spectra show anomalies upon the MIT, including broadening and shifts at $T_{\rm MI}$ and an appearance of new peaks below $T_{\rm MI}$. These results are discussed in terms of density waves or orbital ordering previously predicted for these compounds.Comment: 4pages, 4figures, submitted to Physical Review

Translation of Anticancer Efficacy From Nonclinical Models to the Clinic

Mouse cancer models have provided critical insights into tumor biology; however, clinical translation of these findings has been challenging. This perspective posits that factors impacting on successful translation start with limitations in capturing human cancer pathophysiology and end with challenges in generating robust translatable preclinical end points. A comprehensive approach that considers clinically relevant mouse models with both an integrated biomarker strategy and a complementary modeling and simulation effort will strengthen the current oncology drug development paradigm

An efficient algorithm for learning with semi-bandit feedback

We consider the problem of online combinatorial optimization under semi-bandit feedback. The goal of the learner is to sequentially select its actions from a combinatorial decision set so as to minimize its cumulative loss. We propose a learning algorithm for this problem based on combining the Follow-the-Perturbed-Leader (FPL) prediction method with a novel loss estimation procedure called Geometric Resampling (GR). Contrary to previous solutions, the resulting algorithm can be efficiently implemented for any decision set where efficient offline combinatorial optimization is possible at all. Assuming that the elements of the decision set can be described with d-dimensional binary vectors with at most m non-zero entries, we show that the expected regret of our algorithm after T rounds is O(m sqrt(dT log d)). As a side result, we also improve the best known regret bounds for FPL in the full information setting to O(m^(3/2) sqrt(T log d)), gaining a factor of sqrt(d/m) over previous bounds for this algorithm.Comment: submitted to ALT 201

Double-Exchange Ferromagnetism and Orbital-Fluctuation-Induced Superconductivity in Cubic Uranium Compounds

A double-exchange mechanism for the emergence of ferromagnetism in cubic uranium compounds is proposed on the basis of a $j$-$j$ coupling scheme. The idea is {\it orbital-dependent duality} of $5f$ electrons concerning itinerant $\Gamma_8^-$ and localized $\Gamma_7^-$ states in the cubic structure. Since orbital degree of freedom is still active in the ferromagnetic phase, orbital-related quantum critical phenomenon is expected to appear. In fact, odd-parity p-wave pairing compatible with ferromagnetism is found in the vicinity of an orbital ordered phase. Furthermore, even-parity d-wave pairing with significant odd-frequency components is obtained. A possibility to observe such exotic superconductivity in manganites is also discussed briefly.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Effective Crystalline Electric Field Potential in a j-j Coupling Scheme

We propose an effective model on the basis of a $j$-$j$ coupling scheme to describe local $f$-electron states for realistic values of Coulomb interaction $U$ and spin-orbit coupling $\lambda$, for future development of microscopic theory of magnetism and superconductivity in $f^n$-electron systems, where $n$ is the number of local $f$ electrons. The effective model is systematically constructed by including the effect of a crystalline electric field (CEF) potential in the perturbation expansion in terms of $1/\lambda$. In this paper, we collect all the terms up to the first order of $1/\lambda$. Solving the effective model, we show the results of the CEF states for each case of $n$=2$\sim$5 with $O_{\rm h}$ symmetry in comparison with those of the Stevens Hamiltonian for the weak CEF. In particular, we carefully discuss the CEF energy levels in an intermediate coupling region with $\lambda/U$ in the order of 0.1 corresponding to actual $f$-electron materials between the $LS$ and $j$-$j$ coupling schemes. Note that the relevant energy scale of $U$ is the Hund's rule interaction. It is found that the CEF energy levels in the intermediate coupling region can be quantitatively reproduced by our modified $j$-$j$ coupling scheme, when we correctly take into account the corrections in the order of $1/\lambda$ in addition to the CEF terms and Coulomb interactions which remain in the limit of $\lambda$=$\infty$. As an application of the modified $j$-$j$ coupling scheme, we discuss the CEF energy levels of filled skutterudites with $T_{\rm h}$ symmetry.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Typeset with jpsj2.cl

Microscopic Approach to Magnetism and Superconductivity of ff-Electron Systems with Filled Skutterudite Structure

In order to gain a deep insight into $f$-electron properties of filled skutterudite compounds from a microscopic viewpoint, we investigate the multiorbital Anderson model including Coulomb interactions, spin-orbit coupling, and crystalline electric field effect. For each case of $n$=1$\sim$13, where $n$ is the number of $f$ electrons per rare-earth ion, the model is analyzed by using the numerical renormalization group (NRG) method to evaluate magnetic susceptibility and entropy of $f$ electron. In order to make further step to construct a simplified model which can be treated even in a periodic system, we also analyze the Anderson model constructed based on the $j$-$j$ coupling scheme by using the NRG method. Then, we construct an orbital degenerate Hubbard model based on the $j$-$j$ coupling scheme to investigate the mechanism of superconductivity of filled skutterudites. In the 2-site model, we carefully evaluate the superconducting pair susceptibility for the case of $n$=2 and find that the susceptibility for off-site Cooper pair is clearly enhanced only in a transition region in which the singlet and triplet ground states are interchanged.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, Typeset with jpsj2.cl

Self-consistent renormalization theory of spin fluctuations in paramagnetic spinel LiV2O4

A phenomenological description for the dynamical spin susceptibility $\chi({\bf q},\omega;T)$ observed in inelastic neutron scattering measurements on powder samples of LiV$_2$O$_4$ is developed in terms of the parametrized self-consistent renormalization (SCR) theory of spin fluctuations. Compatible with previous studies at $T\to 0$, a peculiar distribution in ${\bf q}$-space of strongly enhanced and slow spin fluctuations at $q \sim Q_c \simeq$ 0.6 $\AA^{-1}$ in LiV$_2$O$_4$ is involved to derive the mode-mode coupling term entering the basic equation of the SCR theory. The equation is solved self-consistently with the parameter values found from a fit of theoretical results to experimental data. For low temperatures, $T \lesssim 30$K, where the SCR theory is more reliable, the observed temperature variations of the static spin susceptibility $\chi(Q_c;T)$ and the relaxation rate $\Gamma_Q(T)$ at $q\sim Q_c$ are well reproduced by those suggested by the theory. For $T\gtrsim 30$K, the present SCR is capable in predicting only main trends in $T$-dependences of $\chi(Q_c;T)$ and $\Gamma_Q(T)$. The discussion is focused on a marked evolution (from $q \sim Q_c$ at $T\to 0$ towards low $q$ values at higher temperatures) of the dominant low-$\omega$ integrated neutron scattering intensity $I(q; T)$.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. accepted to PR