Ameliorated Outcome of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients Treated with Reduced Form Glutathione

This study was designed to investigate the effects of glutathione (GSH) on delayed vasospasm and the outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Seventy-seven SAH patients who were admitted to 4 hospitals and operated on within 72 h after SAH, were injected intravenously with GSH (2.4 g/day) every 6 h for 14 days. Seventy SAH patients who were not treated with GSH in the same period were selected as the control group. Patient background, the outcome at 3 months after SAH according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm were investigated. There were no statistically significant differences in patient backgrounds between the 2 groups. Regarding patient outcome, 57 patients (74%) showed good recovery, 8 (10%) were moderately disabled, 9 (12%) were severely disabled, 2 (3%) were in vegetative survival and 1 (1%) died in the GSH group, versus 39 (56%), 9 (13%), 15 (21%), 3 (4%) and 4 (6%) in the control group, respectively. These overall outcomes in the GSH group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In the GSH group, 31 patients (40%) showed symptomatic vasospasm, significantly lower than 46 (66%) in the control group (P < 0.01). Administration of GSH could be a good treatment for SAH patients

ケイエイ ジンルイガク ノ ジュギョウカ ノ ココロミ

本稿は、筆者らが1993年から行ってきた学際的研究である「経営人類学」を一つの学問分野の授業として2020年度および2021年度に大阪大学のコミュニケーションデザイン科目として実施したことを振り返り、学際的学問分野の教育の課題について考察するものである。「経営人類学」は経営学と文化人類学を中心とする学際的アマルガムであり、研究メンバー間には経営と文化を不可分のものとして考察しようという共通の関心が存在するとともに、調査手法や研究の方法論において経営と文化を表裏一体のものとして切り離さないという立場をとる。また会社をたんなる営利目的の集団としてではなく、社員によって構成される一種の文化共同体として把握しようとする視点を持つ。こうした「経営人類学」の研究対象と方法、その社会的意義について紹介したのち、授業の内容とその成果について説明した。最後に、学際的学問分野を教育することの問題点について、われわれの経験を踏まえて考察した。This article discusses problems and difficulties for educating an interdisciplinary academic field by looking back on making lecture on “Anthropology of Business Administration,” which we have been studying since 1993, as a class subject of communication design in the 2020 and the 2021 school years. “Anthropology of Business Administration” is an interdisciplinary academic field by amalgamating mainly business administration and cultural anthropology. Those research members have a common interest in considering management and culture as inseparable and take the position of not separating management and culture as two sides of the same coin in research methods and methodologies. In addition, they also have the perspective of trying to grasp the company as a kind of cultural community composed of employees, not just as a group for profit. First, the research subjects and methodology of “Anthropology of Business Administration” and its social significance are introduced. Then, the contents of the class and their achievements are explained. Finally, based on our experience, we consider the problems of teaching interdisciplinary academic fields

Phosphorylation of Williams Syndrome Transcription Factor by MAPK Induces a Switching between Two Distinct Chromatin Remodeling Complexes*

Changes in the environment of a cell precipitate extracellular signals and sequential cascades of protein modification and elicit nuclear transcriptional responses. However, the functional links between intracellular signaling-dependent gene regulation and epigenetic regulation by chromatin-modifying proteins within the nucleus are largely unknown. Here, we describe novel epigenetic regulation by MAPK cascades that modulate formation of an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, WINAC (WSTF Including Nucleosome Assembly Complex), an SWI/SNF-type complex containing Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF). WSTF, a specific component of two chromatin remodeling complexes (SWI/SNF-type WINAC and ISWI-type WICH), was phosphorylated by the stimulation of MAPK cascades in vitro and in vivo. Ser-158 residue in the WAC (WSTF/Acf1/cbpq46) domain, located close to the N terminus of WSTF, was identified as a major phosphorylation target. Using biochemical analysis of a WSTF mutant (WSTF-S158A) stably expressing cell line, the phosphorylation of this residue (Ser-158) was found to be essential for maintaining the association between WSTF and core BAF complex components, thereby maintaining the ATPase activity of WINAC. WINAC-dependent transcriptional regulation of vitamin D receptor was consequently impaired by this WSTF mutation, but the recovery from DNA damage mediated by WICH was not impaired. Our results suggest that WSTF serves as a nuclear sensor of the extracellular signals to fine-tune the chromatin remodeling activity of WINAC. WINAC mediates a previously unknown MAPK-dependent step in epigenetic regulation, and this MAPK-dependent switching mechanism between the two functionally distinct WSTF-containing complexes might underlie the diverse functions of WSTF in various nuclear events