The migratory histories of the Cottus sp. (middle-egg type) in the Ota River

広島県太田川下流の高瀬堰周辺で採集されたカジカ中卵型の回遊性を，耳石Sr:Ca比分析によって確認した。高瀬堰周辺で採集した24個体の耳石Sr:Ca比は発育初期に高く，成長に従って減少した。よって，これらの個体は回遊型であると断定できた。一方，高瀬堰の上流に生息していた1個体は陸封型であった。カジカ中卵型は，回遊パターンに対して柔軟性を有することで環境に適応していると考えられた。The migratory histories of Cottus sp. (middle-egg type) were insighted from ontogenetic changes in otolith Sr:Ca ratios. We sampled 25 fish in the upstream and downstream of the Takase Weir in the Ota River. Twenty-four fish were categorized as amphidromous form whereas one individual caught in the upstream, showed landlocked life mode. Intraspecific variations in the migration pattern recorded for Cottus sp. (middle-egg type) suggest a plasticity strategy for diadromous behaviors

Development of migrating board at water outlet of rice paddy field for upstream migration of fish

Flashboards are set in the water outlets of paddy fields to manage water depth of the fields. Fish can enter paddy fields through the water outlets of the fields when water overflows due to rainfall and continuous irrigation. However, these flashboards often block fish migration. Therefore, we devised four types of migrating boards, namely, flat type, V-shape type, 5 mm guiding wall type, and 20 mm guiding wall type. These migrating boards cover the top of the flashboard and connect the water surfaces of paddy fields and the top pools of fishways. Upward migration tests on Carassius spp., Gnathopogon elongatus elongatus, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, and Oryzias spp. were conducted using these boards. The highest number of fish migrated when using the 20 mm guiding wall type board. A total of 374 times of migration were observed for three of the four species; that is, migration was not observed for Oryzias spp., which was found to be unable to migrate probably due to the too strong currents for the species in these set-ups. The 20 mm guiding wall type migration board enabled smaller-sized fish to swim just inside the guiding wall and larger-sized fish to swim at the center of the guiding wall. Based on these observations, we concluded that the 20 mm guiding wall-type migrating board is the most effective in promoting fish migration

Slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis with portal hypertension-type progression

A 73-year-old woman had previously been diagnosed with CREST syndrome, PBC and diabetes. Hepatic fibrosis was not evident, in spite of the transudative ascites and active esophageal varices. ACA were positive, whereas AMA and anti-gp210 antibodies were negative. She showed low urinary excretion of C-peptide and was weakly positive for anti-GAD antibody. She was diagnosed with a form of PBC that progresses via portal hypertension rather than liver failure and with SPIDDM. Her HLA type did not contain risk allele for IDDM or PBC. SPIDDM should be considered when patients with PBC with portal hypertension-type progression develop diabetes. © 2012 The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Japanese encephalitis vaccine-facilitated dengue virus infection-enhancement antibody in adults

Detection rates of anti-DENV IgG antibody using Panbio and Vircell kits. (DOC 28 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Japanese encephalitis vaccine-facilitated dengue virus infection-enhancement antibody in adults

JEV NA in 77 Japanese adults pre- and post-JE vaccination. (DOC 35 kb

Japanese encephalitis vaccine-facilitated dengue virus infection-enhancement antibody in adults

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) belong to the genus Flavivirus, and infection with a virus within this genus induces antibodies that are cross-reactive to other flaviviruses. Particularly in DENV infection, antibodies to DENV possess two competing activities: neutralizing activity and infection-enhancing activity. These antibody activities are considered central in modulating clinical outcomes of DENV infection. Here, we determined the neutralizing and infection-enhancing activity of DENV cross-reactive antibodies in adults before and after JE vaccination. Methods: Participants were 77 Japanese adults who had received a single dose of inactivated Vero cell-derived JE vaccine. A total of 154 serum samples were obtained either before or approximately a month after a single dose of JE vaccination. The antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity to each of four DENV serotypes and the neutralizing activities to DENV and to JEV were determined in each of the serum samples by using baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and FcγR-expressing BHK cells. Results: A total of 18 post-JE immunization samples demonstrated cross-reactivity to DENV in an anti-DENV IgG ELISA. DENV neutralizing antibodies were not detected after JE vaccination in this study. However, undiluted post-JE vaccination serum samples from 26 participants demonstrated monotypic and heterotypic ADE activity to DENV. ADE activity was also observed in 1:10-diluted samples from 35 of the JE vaccine recipients (35/77, 45 %). Conclusion: In summary, JE vaccination induced DENV cross-reactive antibodies, and at sub-neutralizing levels, these DENV cross-reactive antibodies possess DENV infection-enhancement activity. The results also indicate that cross-reactivity to DENV is associated with high levels of JEV neutralizing antibodies and, the DENV cross-reactivity is further facilitated by JE vaccination