Ab initio study of spin-spiral noncollinear magnetism in a free-standing Fe(110) monolayer under in-plane strain

We investigate the magnetic phase transition from collinear ferromagnetic (FM) ordering to noncollinear spin-spiral (SS) ordering in an Fe(110) monolayer under in-plane strain by performing fully unconstrained first-principles spin-density-functional calculations. The FM Fe(110) monolayer undergoes a FM-SS phase transition on the application of in-plane compression, whereas the application of tension keeps the system FM. The stability and wavelength of the excited SS state are further increased by compressive strains, especially along [ī10]. The FM-SS transition in the isotropically strained monolayer is dominated by competing exchange interactions between the ferromagnetically coupled first neighbor and the antiferromagnetically coupled second neighbor; the third neighbor also contributes to the transition under anisotropic strain. In addition, we demonstrate the stabilization mechanism of SS noncollinear magnetism from the electronic band structures: The noncollinear SS state is stabilized by a remarkable interband repulsion between the majority and minority spins, which occurs under in-plane compressio

Da aplicabilidade da teoria da pena face as decisões do Tribunal Penal Internacional

Resumo: O presente trabalho focou na possibilidade de se realizar um estudo acerca da aplicação das teorias da pena no âmbito do Tribunal Penal Internacional, verificando as teorias estudadas atualmente, o histórico do Tribunal Penal Internacional, inclusive seus casos mais antigos e mais recentes. Chegou-se à conclusão de que o Tribunal Penal Internacional, apesar de seu discurso oficial tender a proteção das teorias clássicas da pena, como a teoria retributiva ou mesmo as teorias preventivas da pena, tende a manter uma atuação pautada na proteção do Direito de seus acusados. Conforme foi verificado, as teorias preventivas são inócuas quanto a aplicação penal. Nesse mesmo sentido, quanto a teoria retributiva da pena, observa-se que a atuação do TPI é extremamente seletiva, não sendo, portanto, uma resposta aos ilícitos cometidos, a não ser por uma pequena fração deles. Observou-se ainda que não subsiste a aplicação da teoria crítica materialista, tendo em vista a ausência de proteção a bens materiais pelo próprio TPI, além de sua atuação ser demasiadamente seletiva para que se possa afirmar um controle da quantidade de mão de obra no mercado. Por fim, quanto à teoria do Direito Penal do Inimigo, verificamos que é necessária para a caracterização do inimigo uma sociedade formada e organizada. Através da análise dos casos, observarmos que a atuação do Tribunal Penal Internacional se dá, em geral, quanto a crimes cometidos em determinadas sociedades com graves crises sociais e de identidade. Não estavam, portanto, devidamente estruturadas para possibilitar a caracterização de um inimigo. Nesse mesmo sentido, não entendemos que a sociedade global esteja preparada para a determinação de um inimigo comum, tendo em vista a disparidade entre os países existentes. Nesse sentido, alinhamo-nos à postura de Salo de Carvalho, ao considerarmos a teoria Agnóstica da Pena como a teoria mais apta ao se analisar os casos do Tribunal Penal Internacional, já que ficou claro da análise dos casos em questão que a principal preocupação do TPI é a Defesa dos interesses do acusado e a garantia de um julgamento célere e just

A report of three cases of diabetic nephropathy satisfactorily treated with traditional herbal medicine

We reported that three cases of diabetic nephropathy, who had overt proteinuria, were treated satisfactorily not only for their symptoms but also renal nephropathy with traditional herbal medicine over the long term. In Case 1, the level of S-Cr had changed from 1.2 to 2.0 mg/dl over 98 months, in Case 2 from 0.9 to 1.9 mg/dl over 70 months, and in Case 3 from 1.1 to 2.9 mg/dl over 81 months, acceptably moderate increases, meaning that the progression of their renal insufficiency was controlled over the long term. At the same time, the symptoms of hotness, numbness and edema were improved. Diabetic nephropathy with overt proteinuria is known to develop into renal failure after several years. In these cases, traditional herbal medicine was considered responsible for improving their QOL and prolonging the pre-dialysis period of diabetic nephropathy. 顕性蛋白尿期にある糖尿病性腎症の患者に漢方治療を施行した。その結果,随伴する諸症状の改善のみならず長期問,腎機能低下の進行を抑制した3症例を経験したので報告した。症例lでは,98ケ月の観察でS-Cr値はl.2から2.0mg/dl,症例2では70ケ月の観察で,S-Cr値は0.9から1.9mg/dl,症例3では81ケ月の観察で,S-Cr値は1.1から2.9mg/dl,と長期間腎機能低下の進行を抑制した。同時に,手足の火照りやしぴれ感,下肢の浮腫などの症状の軽快も認めた。持続的に蛋白尿を認める顕牲腎症期に至った糖尿病性腎症は数年の経過で,末期腎不全から血液透析に至ると言われている。今回の症例から和漢薬は,糖尿病性腎症における腎機能障害に対して腎機能障害の進行抑制作用を有する可能性が示唆された。このことから,和漢薬は糖尿病に随伴する諸症状を緩和し,QOLを改善するのみでなく,血液透析導人までの期間を延長し,予後を改善したと考えられた

Criterion of mechanical instabilities for dislocation structures

To understand the nature of mechanical instabilities of dislocation structures, which plays a central role, for example, in determining the plastic behavior and fatigue in crystalline metals, it is essential to investigate a critical condition in which a dislocation structure collapses. A criterion for the mechanical instability of arbitrary dislocation structures is proposed in this paper. According to the criterion, the mechanical instability can be described by the positiveness of the minimum eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix, which is composed by the second-order differential of potential energy of the system with respect to the dislocation coordinates. In addition, the collapse mode can be simultaneously determined by the eigenvector of the minimum eigenvalue. We applied the proposed criterion to the veins and dislocation walls under external loading, and it successfully describes the onset of instabilities and the corresponding collapse modes, regardless of the difference in structures and sizes. This success in the criterion paves the way to address the mechanical instability issues on more complex dislocation structures

Hierarchical ferroelectric and ferrotoroidic polarizations coexistent in nano-metamaterials

Tailoring materials to obtain unique, or significantly enhanced material properties through rationally designed structures rather than chemical constituents is principle of metamaterial concept, which leads to the realization of remarkable optical and mechanical properties. Inspired by the recent progress in electromagnetic and mechanical metamaterials, here we introduce the concept of ferroelectric nano-metamaterials, and demonstrate through an experiment in silico with hierarchical nanostructures of ferroelectrics using sophisticated real-space phase-field techniques. This new concept enables variety of unusual and complex yet controllable domain patterns to be achieved, where the coexistence between hierarchical ferroelectric and ferrotoroidic polarizations establishes a new benchmark for exploration of complexity in spontaneous polarization ordering. The concept opens a novel route to effectively tailor domain configurations through the control of internal structure, facilitating access to stabilization and control of complex domain patterns that provide high potential for novel functionalities. A key design parameter to achieve such complex patterns is explored based on the parity of junctions that connect constituent nanostructures. We further highlight the variety of additional functionalities that are potentially obtained from ferroelectric nano-metamaterials, and provide promising perspectives for novel multifunctional devices. This study proposes an entirely new discipline of ferroelectric nano-metamaterials, further driving advances in metamaterials research

Space-use patterns of green turtles in industrial coastal foraging habitat: Challenges and opportunities for informing management with a large satellite tracking dataset

Increasing overlap between anthropogenic activities and wildlife can lead to problematic human–wildlife interactions. To manage these, an understanding of animal space-use patterns, with sufficient temporal and spatial detail is required. Satellite telemetry can provide such detailed data; however, the cost of tracking units places a significant limitation on sample size. Satellite tracks for 72 green turtles were consolidated through collaboration with multiple entities over 8 years at seven sites within a large industrial port contributing to an ecological monitoring initiative to minimize impacts of planned developments. This study aims to determine the minimum number of satellite-tracked green turtles required to represent spatial distribution patterns in the foraging ground and to evaluate factors underpinning differences in distribution and site fidelity metrics to inform appropriate management strategies. An autocorrelated kernel density estimator was used to construct 95% utilization distributions for individual turtles during each calendar season. Percentage overlap between pairs of seasonal utilization distributions was calculated as a measure of short-term site fidelity. Mechanistic range shift analysis was applied to detect significant deviations from range residency behaviour. Green turtles exhibited spatially confined ranges and remained faithful to their foraging area for periods of up to 260 days. Range size was significantly different between microhabitats and study years. Only 16 individuals (22% of tracked turtles) performed significant range shifts, indicating that occupied areas represent important habitats, and most turtles are unlikely to adjust their space-use in response to anthropogenic or natural disturbances. Although this dataset represents an atypically large sample of satellite tracked individuals, representative data were obtained at only two key sites. This study highlights the importance of evaluating clear objectives when sampling animals for satellite telemetry studies to obtain representation of sites, periods of interest, or age and sex cohorts

Fundamental Study on Support Systemat Cibaliung Underground Gold Mine, Indonesia

Geotechnical information is a key for underground design. The most important parameters are rock mass strength, geological structures, main stress and strain, rock mass classification, discontinuities, etc. All of these may have impact on underground\ud stability, if some are suitable, and only just one is troubled, it can be due to instability in the underground. The purposes of this study are to classify the rock mass and to introduced the support system in Cibaliung underground gold mine based on the rock mass classification. The characteristics of some geotechnical aspects of Cikoneng and Cibitung area are shown in this paper. Rock mass classification is measured, and the difference between both locations presented as a preliminary study for the next further research. Recommendation of support system policy of Cibaliung underground gold mine which compared to Pongkor underground gold mine also discussed in this paper