Interaction Between Real And Financial Sectors In Nigeria: A Causality Test

This study investigates the interrelationship between industrial productivity and money supply as proxies for the real and financial sectors by testing for causality under a Vector Auto-Regression (VAR) structure. In the study, it was revealed that Nigeria over the 35-year period between 1970 and 2005 like many other LDC's has a unidirectional causality running from the financial sector to the real sector growth. This indicates that the country still operates in the short-run and to take advantage of long-run changes, such variables as technology and factor productivity should to be taken into cognizance

Stream Sediment Geochemistry of Telemu and its Environs: A Tool in Baseline Assessment of Mineralization Potential

Reconnaissance stream sediment geochemical studies were carried out in Telemu-Awo-Ede areas of Osun State to determine the concentrations and distribution patterns of trace elements. This was with a view to assessing the mineralization potential of the study area. Ninety six active stream sediments were collected from stream channels in Telemu-Awo-Ede. The samples were air-dried and sieved. One gram each of the minus 177 micron fraction was subjected to hot acid extraction with aqua regia (3 HCl: 1 HNO3) and perchloric acid (HClO4) in ratio 2:1. The aliquots were analyzed for Mo, Co, Cd, Ta, Cr, Cu, Fe, U, Th, Sc, Zn, Sr, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn using the Buck 205 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) interfaced with Graphite Furnace. The geochemical data was interpreted using both univariate and multivariate statistical methods. The element distribution and smoothed contour maps were plotted using ArcView-GIS and Geosoft Oasis Montaj Software, respectively. The results showed that only four (4) elements out of the eighteen (18) elements analyzed showed significant anomalous values. The anomalies of Sn, Sc, Ta, and Th were considered to be derived from primary mineralization of these elements. Those of Mn, Zn, Cd, and Fe are interpreted as being caused by secondary environmental controls, notably, precipitation of Mn-oxides in the soils and or anthropogenic contamination for Zn and Cd. Insignificant anomalies were observed from Ni, Cr, La, Mo, Pb, Cu Co, U, Sb and Sr. The study concluded that this area has Sc-Sn-Ta and Th mineralization potentials related to the pegmatoids. The results obtained from the geochemical studies confirmed the heterogeneous nature of the underlying rocks. Areas underlain by pegmatites and pegmatised schist coincide spatially with zones of relatively high values for U, Th, La, Sc, Sn and Ta; and are suspected to be mineralized in tin, scandium, thorium and tantalum. Keywords: Mineralisation potential, significant anomalies, insignificant anomalies, environmental controls.

Influence of diabetes mellitus on carotid intima-media thickness of non-obese, normotensive diabetic patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease of great public health importance. Macrovascular complications like stroke and myocardial infarction initially manifest as atherosclerosis which is seen as thickened arterial wall. Direct determination of the progression of atherosclerosis can be undertaken through serial ultrasound measurement of the common carotid artery (CCA) intima media thickness (IMT).Aim: The objective of the study was to compare the IMT of the CCA in diabetic patients and healthy subjects within the same age, sex and geographic distribution.Method: This prospective study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients and 100 non-diabetic subjects aged 21years and above. The CCAs were scanned using GE Logic 5 color Doppler scanner (2007) with 7.5MHz linear probe. Two measurements of the IMT were obtained at 1cm proximal to the right and left carotid bulbs and the mean value of the two measurements was recorded.Results: The age range of the 200 participants comprising of 65 males and 135 females was 21-70 years with a mean age of 46.60 ±12 years. Mean CIMT was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to normal patients (0.81+0.25mm and 0.61+0.12mm, p= 0.001). Age has significant influence on the CIMT on both groups of participants. However, male and  overweight subjects had significantly higher CIMT values than female and underweight subjects respectively only among non-diabetic subjects. The overall right and left mean CIMT in the diabetic patients and control respectively were 0.78+0.21mm, 0.83+0.37mm, 0.61+0.12mm and 0.61+0.13mm. In each group, there was no significant difference between the two sides.Conclusion: CIMTvalues were higher among non-obese normotensive diabetic  patients compared to normal subjects. Age, sex, and BMI have effects on CIMT of non-diabetic subjects, whereas only age has significant effect on the CIMTof diabetic patients.Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Non-Obese,  Normotensiv

Exploration of the Chemistry and Biological Properties of Pyrimidine as a Privilege Pharmacophore in Therapeutics

The pyrimidine moiety is one of the most widespread heterocycles in biologically occurring compounds, such as nucleic acids components (uracil, thymine and cytosine) and vitamin B1. Due to its prebiotic nature to living cells in biodiversity, it is an highly privileged motif for the development of molecules of biological and pharmaceutical interest. This present work deals with the exploration of chemistry and medicinal diversity of pyrimidine which might pave way to long await discovery in therapeutic medicine for future drug design

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies of Crateva adansonii Leaf Extract

Diverse challenges of microbial infections and upsurge of multi-drug resistant microbes informed the investigation into the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Crateva adansonii. Cold extraction was carried out using methanol solvent. The crude extract of Crateva adansonii was fractionated into the n-hexane, methanol and chloroform layers successively. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. The antimicrobial assay showed that, for Bacillus spp, the organism was sensitive to the chloroform fraction of leaf extract at 1.562 mg/ml. For Microccocus varians, result showed organism was sensitive to the crude extract at 3.125 mg/ml. According to the result of antifungal screening, the n-hexane fraction and crude extract showed activity against Aspergillus niger at 12.500 mg/ml and 3.125 mg/ml respectively. From these results, the crude extract of the leaf of Crateva adansonii shows activity against both bacteria and Fungi; hence, it may might be a good source of new drug for treating infections caused by these pathogens

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies of Stem and Root Extracts of Crateva adansonii

Aim: This study was designed to explore the phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of the stem and root extracts of Crateva adansonii. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Iyesi village, Ota, Ogun State, and analysis carried out at Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State and for duration of three months (November 2016 to February 2017). Methodology: Standard universal procedures were employed for both phytochemical and antimicrobial analysis. Results: The result obtained from the stem and root extracts of Crateva adansonii indicated the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides. Root extract was found to be richer in source of phytochemicals when compared to the stem extract. However, the highest antibacterial activity was observed against selected bacteria by both stem and root extracts. The potency of the root extract was observed to be higher than the stem extract against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Serratia spp. Conclusion: The preliminary studies on the stem and the root of Crateva adansonii extracts revealed their antimicrobial potential which could be further investigated for global utilization in pharmaceutical treatment, natural therapies, food preservation and cosmetic applications

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies of Crateva adansonii Leaf Extract

Diverse challenges of microbial infections and upsurge of multi-drug resistant microbes informed the investigation into the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Crateva adansonii. Cold extraction was carried out using methanol solvent. The crude extract of Crateva adansonii was fractionated into the n-hexane, methanol and chloroform layers successively. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. The antimicrobial assay showed that, for Bacillus spp, the organism was sensitive to the chloroform fraction of leaf extract at 1.562 mg/ml. For Microccocus varians, result showed organism was sensitive to the crude extract at 3.125 mg/ml. According to the result of antifungal screening, the n-hexane fraction and crude extract showed activity against Aspergillus niger at 12.500 mg/ml and 3.125 mg/ml respectively. From these results, the crude extract of the leaf of Crateva adansonii shows activity against both bacteria and Fungi; hence, it may might be a good source of new drug for treating infections caused by these pathogen

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of ZnO-Citrus sinensis Nano-additive on the Electrokinetic Deposition of Zinc on Mild Steel in Acid Chloride

This work investigated the effect of ZnO-Citrus sinensis nano-additive on the electrokinetic deposition of Zinc on mild steel in acid chloride. Fifty-four plates of (100 × 10 × 3) mm3 mild steel samples were cut, cleaned with dilute H2SO4 solution, rinsed in water and dried. The nano-additive was produced by infusing 30 ml Orange Juice extract in Zinc Oxide solution. The acid chloride electrolyte consisting of 71 g ZnCl, 207 g KCl and 35 g H3BO3 in 1 l of distilled water was divided into six portions. The nano-additive with different molar concentrations 0(0.2)1.0 was added to each portion of the acid chloride. Nine plates of mild steel samples were electroplated with zinc as the anode in each of the six prepared electrolyte solution and plated at different times (three plates each at 10, 15 and 20 min). The effects of electroplating on the average weights were measured and the results from the experiment showed the optimal nano-additive concentration and electroplating time

Experimental investigation of heat transfer performance of novel bio-extract doped mono and hybrid nanofluids in a radiator

Please read abstract in the article.https://http//www.elsevier.com/locate/csitehb2022Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin

Antioxidative and Chemopreventive Properties of Vernonia amygdalina and Garcinia biflavonoid

Recently, considerable attention has been focused on dietary and medicinal phytochemicals that inhibit, reverse or retard diseases caused by oxidative and inflammatory processes. Vernonia amygdalina is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. Extracts of the plant have been used in various folk medicines as remedies against helminthic, protozoal and bacterial infections with scientific support for these claims. Phytochemicals such as saponins and alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, xanthones, anthraquinones, edotides and sesquiterpenes have been extracted and isolated from Vernonia amygdalina. These compounds elicit various biological effects including cancer chemoprevention. Garcinia kola (Guttiferae) seed, known as “bitter kola”, plays an important role in African ethnomedicine and traditional hospitality. It is used locally to treat illnesses like colds, bronchitis, bacterial and viral infections and liver diseases. A number of useful phytochemicals have been isolated from the seed and the most prominent of them is the Garcinia bioflavonoids mixture called kolaviron. It has well-defined structure and an array of biological activities including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antigenotoxic and hepatoprotective properties. The chemopreventive properties of Vernonia amygdalina and Garcinia biflavonoids have been attributed to their abilities to scavenge free radicals, induce detoxification, inhibit stress response proteins and interfere with DNA binding activities of some transcription factors