TWO NOVEL FLAVONE C-GLYCOSIDES ISOLATED FROM AFROCARPUS GRACILIOR: POM ANALYSES AND IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AGANIST HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

Objective: Cancer is considered as one of the top reasons of death and the number of cases increasing gradually. Cancer is severe clinical difficulty to the health caution system. This study explored two novel polyphenols of Afrocarpus gracilior Pilger growing in Egypt and evaluated their cytotoxic activity. Methods: Methanolic (80%) extract of the leaves of A. gracilior was subjected to column chromatography; the chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by advanced spectral techniques: UV, 1H, 13C NMR, two dimensional NMR (2D NMR) and electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). Compounds 1 and 2 were studied for their cytotoxic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Furthermore the pharmacokinetics profiles of these molecules were accessed by employing Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) analyses. Results: Two novel C-flavonoid glycosides were isolated [1: Apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1```→4``)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] and [2: 7-O methyl-luteolin 8-C-β-glucopyranosyl-(1```→4``)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside]. They exhibited significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 9.02 and 15.61 µg/ml, respectively) against Hep-G2 cells. The POM analyses revealed that the activity of these two compounds depends on the presence of glucosyl and alkyl groups at the internal and terminal atmosphere of the compounds. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that the leaves of A. gracilior contain a series of bioactive polyphenolic compounds with significant cytotoxic properties against hepatocellular carcinoma and may be used as alternative anticancer agents for doxorubicin. On the basis of POM calculations, it will be interesting to develop some alternative flavones because the deglucosylated derivatives have a better drug score than parent molecules. This preliminary study will be extended to other strains of cancer

Rubidium(I) monensinate dihydrate

In the title complex, [Rb(C36H61O11)]·2H2O, the Rb+ cation is coordinated by seven O atoms of monensin. Rb—O distances range from 2.7870 (17) to 3.1429 (17) Å. Both O atoms of the carboxyl­ate group are involved in the coordination of Rb. The structure displays inter- and intra­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions

Plant bioactive molecules bearing glycosides as lead compounds for the treatment of fungal infection: A review

Despite therapeutic advancement in the treatment of fungal infections, morbidity and mortality caused by these infections are still very high. There are approximately 300 fungal species that are infectious and can cause a variety of diseases. At present, several synthetic antifungal drugs are in clinical practice, many of them, however, are vulnerable to multidrug-resistant strains of microbes, and thus compromising the overall treatment outcomes. Glycosides are naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites with important therapeutic potential and clinical utility. The aim of this review was to focus on the antifungal effects of glycosides in preclinical studies with possible mechanism(s) wherein described. Published research show significant susceptibility of different fungi towards phytoglycosides, mediated through multiple mechanisms. Further detailed studies are needed to explain the clinical applications and limitations of these glycosides

Synthesis, characterization and coordination chemistry of substituted β-amino dicarbonyls

AbstractAn efficient and facile method for the synthesis of novel structurally diverse β-amino dicarbonyl compounds is described by exploring the aza-Michael addition reaction in an aqueous medium as a key step. Thereby, 2-(aryl-disubstituted-amino-1-yl-methyl)-malonic acid diethyl esters were achieved in a good to excellent yields. These products were easily isolated with enough purity just by using simple recrystallization. The crystals of the compounds (17) and (24) have been obtained and studied by X-ray crystallographic analyses

3,4-Bis(4-nitro­phen­yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide

The title compound, C14H8N4O6, a new 1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide derivative, was formed by dimerization of 4-nitro­benz­al­de­hyde oxime. The compound crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules per asymmetric unit. The N-oxide O atom is disordered over two sites in each mol­ecule; site occupancy factors are 0.57/0.43 and 0.5/0.5. The mean planes through the two benzene rings are inclined to the planar 1,2,3-oxadiazole ring by 25.03 (11) and 41.64 (11)° in one mol­ecule, and 22.58 (11) and 42.66 (11)° in the other mol­ecule, the smaller angle being for the ring on the oxide side of the oxadiazole ring in each case. In the crystal structure, the individual mol­ecules form centrosymmetric dimers linked via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dimers of one mol­ecule are then linked to those of the other mol­ecule via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network

An Ethnobotanical study of Medicinal Plants in high mountainous region of Chail valley (District Swat- Pakistan)

BACKGROUND: This paper represents the first ethnobotanical study in Chail valley of district Swat-Pakistan and provides significant information on medicinal plants use among the tribal people of the area. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal uses of local plants and to develop an ethnobotanical inventory of the species diversity. METHODS: In present study, semi-structured interviews with 142 inhabitants (age range between 31–75 years) were conducted. Ethnobotanical data was analyzed using relative frequency of citation (RFC) to determine the well-known and most useful species in the area. RESULTS: Current research work reports total of 50 plant species belonging to 48 genera of 35 families from Chail valley. Origanum vulgare, Geranium wallichianum and Skimmia laureola have the highest values of relative frequency of citation (RFC) and are widely known by the inhabitants of the valley. The majority of the documented plants were herbs (58%) followed by shrubs (28%), trees (12%) and then climbers (2%). The part of the plant most frequently used was the leaves (33%) followed by roots (17%), fruits (14%), whole plant (12%), rhizomes (9%), stems (6%), barks (5%) and seeds (4%). Decoction was the most common preparation method use in herbal recipes. The most frequently treated diseases in the valley were urinary disorders, skin infections, digestive disorders, asthma, jaundice, angina, chronic dysentery and diarrhea. CONCLUSION: This study contributes an ethnobotanical inventory of medicinal plants with their frequency of citations together with the part used, disease treated and methods of application among the tribal communities of Chail valley. The present survey has documented from this valley considerable indigenous knowledge about the local medicinal plants for treating number of common diseases that is ready to be further investigated for biological, pharmacological and toxicological screening. This study also provides some socio-economic aspects which are associated to the local tribal communities

Poly[[bis­{μ3-2-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)(phen­yl)meth­yl]propane­dioato}tetra­sodium(I)] 7.5-hydrate]

The asymmetric unit of the title polymer, {[Na4(C15H14N2O4)2]·7.5H2O}n, contains two 2-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)(phen­yl)meth­yl]propane­dioate (ppmp) anions, eight water mol­ecules (one located on a twofold rotation axis) and five sodium cations (one located on an inversion center and the other one located on a twofold rotation axis). The carboxyl­ate groups of the ppmp anions and the water mol­ecules bridge the Na cations, forming a two-dimensional polymeric structure. In the structure there are two types of coordination environment around the metal cations: one Na cation is coordinated by five O atoms in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry while the other four Na cations are coordinated by six O atoms in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. Extensive O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure. The H atoms of one methyl group of the ppmp anion are disordered equally over two positions

4′-Methyl-3-(4-nitro­phen­yl)-4-phenyl-4,5,1′,2′,3′,4′-hexa­hydro­spiro­[isoxazole-5,2′-naphthalen]-1′-one

The title compound, C25H20N2O4, is a new spiro-isoxazoline derivative. It contains a five-membered isoxazoline ring (A), a tetra­lone unit (E and D), a 4-nitro­phenyl substituent (B), and a phenyl ring (C). The isoxazoline ring (A) has an envelope conformation, while the cyclo­hexenone ring (D) has an inter­mediate sofa/half-chair conformation. The aromatic ring of the 4-nitro­phenyl substituent (B) is inclined at an angle of 78.97 (10)° to the phenyl ring (C). The rigid pharmacophore site, Osp 2—C—C—Osp 3, is characterized by an O⋯O distance of 3.113 (2) Å and an O—C—C—O torsion angle of 97.8 (2)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O contacts

Novel thiophene Chalcones-Coumarin as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, ADMET prediction and molecular dynamics simulation

A series of around eight novel chalcone based coumarin derivatives (23a-h) was designed, subjected to in-silico ADMET prediction, synthesized, characterized by IR, NMR, Mass analytical techniques and evaluated as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results of predicted ADMET study demonstrated the drug-likeness properties of the titled compounds with developmental challenges in lipophilicity and solubility parameters. The in vitro assessment of the synthesized compounds revealed that all of them showed significant activity (IC50 ranging from 0.42 to 1.296 µM) towards AChE compared to the standard drug, galantamine (IC50 = 1.142 ± 0.027 µM). Among these, compound 23e displayed the most potent inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.42 ± 0.019 µM. Cytotoxicity of all compounds was tested on normal human hepatic (THLE-2) cell lines at three different concentrations using the MTT assay, in which none of the compound showed significant toxicity at the highest concentration of 1000 µg/ml compared to the control group. Based on the docking study against AChE, the most active derivative 23e was orientated towards the active site and occupied both catalytic anionic site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of the target enzyme. In-silico studies revealed tested showed better inhibition activity of AChE compared to Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Molecular dynamics simulation explored the stability and dynamic behavior of 23e- AChE complex

Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Consisting of n-octadecyltriethoxysilane by Using n-Hexadecylamine as Surfactant and Q0 and T0 Cross-Linkers

Novel hybrid xerogel materials were synthesized by a sol-gel procedure. n-octadecyltriethoxysilane was co-condensed with and without different cross-linkers using Q0 and T0 mono-functionalized organosilanes in the presence of n-hexadecylamine with different hydroxyl silica functional groups at the surface. These polymer networks have shown new properties, for example, a high degree of cross-linking and hydrolysis. Two different synthesis steps were carried out: simple self-assembly followed by sol-gel transition and precipitation of homogenous sols. Due to the lack of solubility of these materials, the compositions of the new materials were determined by infrared spectroscopy, 13C and 29Si CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy