Success Factors of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Rural Economies

One factor of the leadership stratagem is to account for the core values, operations, and growth of the organization. The purpose of this case study was to ascertain the financial strategies small business leaders incorporate to help ensure growth of small businesses. The conceptual framework of Schumpeter\u27s innovation and entrepreneurship theory and the Grameen model were included to drive the scope and analysis of this study. A purposive sample of 8 leaders from successful small businesses in Islamabad contributed to a focus group session; 4 out of these participants originated from the finance and management department and 4 represented sales and product development departments working in 3 outlets of the firm. Transcript review and member checking were used to support the reliability of the interpretation of participants regarding what they said and meant from their responses. Moreover, company documents were reviewed to triangulate the data. Yin\u27s 5-step data analysis plan was used for the final data analysis. Four major themes surfaced from data analysis: Microfinance, product quality, customer care, and strategic vision. These endorse business leader stratagem and association to their mission, financial strategy, overall business operations, and survival and growth. Product quality is vital to maintain and retain valuable customer for revenue generation. Customer care is emphasized for its importance as an ethical practice and gaining customers confidence. Strategic vision is recognized as the foremost leadership skillset to plan and organize future business strategies effectively, which impacts business growth and longevity. The outcome of this study may contribute to positive social change by enhancing understanding of the leadership strategies that impact the longevity of the business to secure jobs and benefit employees, their families, and the surrounding community

AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTION OF SCIENCE STUDENTS ABOUT THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN CLASSROOMS AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL IN ISLAMABAD

Since start of 21st century, use of digital technology increased in Pakistan to meet requirements of global changes in eduation. Study for “An analysis of the perception of science students about the use of technology in classrooms at the secondary level in Islamabad” was conducted and Objectives of the study were (1) to assess perception of students regarding use of technology  in a classroom at the secondary level and; (2) to find out the availability of technology in teaching-learning process in Islamabad Model College for Boys.  Data was acquired from secondary school students of class 9th, 10th and 11th, through a survey questionnaire. Study was descriptive in nature and straitified random sampling technique was used. Population was 8056 students and 499 students were sample. Findings shows that, using digital technology in the classroom might enhance students' learning. It was cocluded that digital learning is advantageous for each classroom. It is recommended that, much more work is required to be done to encourage a technological catch-up

Prospects of microalgal biodiesel production in Pakistan – a review

Biodiesel is an alternative, renewable, biodegradable and environmentally friendly fuel for transportation, with properties like petroleum-derived diesel, and can be used directly in a compression ignition engine without any modifications. The world's fossil fuel and crude oil reserves are going to dry up in the next few decades, but, contrariwise, an attractive, high quality, readily available and economically extractable oil from microalgae is a substitute feedstock to produce alternative biodiesel fuel for the transportation sector in the future. Microalgae have a higher biomass productivity (tons/hectare/year) and lipid yield (kg/kg of algal biomass) as compared to vegetable oil crops. To overcome the problem of energy deficiency in developing countries, like Pakistan, and boost their economic growth, alternative fuels are proving very important for environment-friendly and sustainable development, especially in the last few decades. Different research studies on microalgae cultivation, characterization of microalgae oil (lipids), and evaluations of its socio-economic feasibility to produce renewable biodiesel have been conducted in the past in Pakistan for its future prospects. This review paper includes the overall summary and compilation of the microalgae research conducted in Pakistan on biodiesel production and includes the algal biodiesel production cost analysis. The studies showed promising results for harnessing microalgae and using its lipids to produce biodiesel with favourable properties that were comparable to the conventional diesel in Pakistan. The information related to the microalgae research will help stakeholders and governmental organisations working in the renewable energy sector to consider its cultivation on a large scale, using waste water as a feedstock to produce biodiesel to meet the target set by the Government of Pakistan of using 10% blended biodiesel by the year 2025 in Pakistan

Outcome of Non-Invasive Ventilation in Severe Corona Virus Disease of 2019 Patients; A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: To determine the Outcome of non-invasive ventilation in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from 4th June to 30th Dec 2021. This study included 87 patients between the ages of 45 and 75 who were admitted due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection.Infection was confirmed by SARS-COV-2 PCR (polymerase Chain reaction). These patients were symptomatic with radiological evidence consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring non-invasive ventilation (NIV) trial. The primary outcome was to analyze the success and failure of using NIV, the need for invasive ventilation, as well as the mortality rate. SPSS 21 was used to enter and analyze the data. Results: The mean age was 62.89 ±7.55 years. There were 65(74.7%) males and 22(25.3%) females. NIV was successful in 33 (37.9%) patients, while 54 (62.1%) patients required endotracheal intubation (invasive ventilation). Out of these 54 patients, 44 (81.4%) died after intubation. The mean duration of NIV support was observed as 6.2 ± 3.9 days. Conclusion: NIV can prevent intubation in less than half of the patients, according to our findings

Governance, Economic Growth and Socioeconomic Development in Pakistan

The interrelationship of governance quality, economic growth and economic development is an important area of research in the development field. The previous studies are based on single equation estimation techniques and provide evidence on bidirectional relationship of these variables. Furthermore, most of the studies use a narrow concept of development using single variable or HDI as a measure of human capital or socioeconomic development. The present study constructs a broader socioeconomic development index by incorporating twelve indicators each for social and economic development. This study is an attempt to fill up this gap in existing literature by estimating tripartite relation of governance, economic growth and socio-economic development by applying system method of estimation. The study examines the relationship of governance, economic growth and socioeconomic development using 3SLS approach that yields low variance estimates than limited information method for Pakistan economy for the period 1990-2017. The results reveal bidirectional positive relation of governance- growth and growth-socioeconomic development nexus. As for as governance-socioeconomic development nexus is concerned, it shows that there exists a negative bidirectional relationship. It implies a weak capacity of the government in providing service delivery to the society. The study suggests an improvement in the quality of governance in Pakistan for the uplift of socioeconomic development conditions

Social and Political Role of Madrassa: Perspectives of Religious Leaders in Pakistan

Madrassa is a controversial educational institution of Pakistani society. International scholarship is polarized on madrassa issue and presents two divergent pictures of this institution: one, it is a source of radical ideology, and thus, a security threat to the modern world; and two, it is a net of social security for underprivileged who are ignored by the state’s social services. This paper, rather than taking position on either side, documents the perceptions of religious teachers, and thus, tries to discover the answers of certain questions; like, why is madrassa a controversial issue; why does it exist in society; why do certain students join madrassa; what is funding sources of madrassa; and what is educational ideology of this institution? The paper is based on views of sixteen religious teachers; and the data were gained through two detailed sessions of focus group discussions, in Lahore, Pakistan.&nbsp

Evaluation Of Public Knowledge And Clinical Management Of Depression In The State Of Penang, Malaysia

Depression is one of the most important public health issues in Malaysian and global context. Depresi atau kemurungan (depression) merupakan satu daripada isu kesihatan global yang paling penting, begitu juga dalam konteks di Malaysia

Effectiveness And Tolerability Of Pregabalin Usage Among Patients In King Fahad Hospital, Saudi Arabia: A Quasi Longitudinal Study

Satu kajian membujur kuasi eksperimen bukan rawak telah dijalankan untuk menilai keberkesanan serta keselamatan dan ketoleranan pengambilan 75mg pregabalin pos hemodialisis (pHD) sekali sehari secara lisan, bagi uremic pruritus (UP) yang resistan pada rawatan, di kalangan pesakit ESRD dalam pusat buah pinggang Aljaber, Hospital King Fahad, Alahsa Arab Saudi. Pengukuran untuk keterukan dan intensiti gatal dilakukan dengan menggunakan skala gatal-5D versi Bahasa Arab yang telah divalidasi (α = 0.847 p = 0.001, Kaiser- Meyer-Oklin value = 0.810). Pengukuran tahap selamat dan ketoleranan pada pregabalin telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan algoritma Naranjo. Model linear teritlak digunakan untuk mengukur kesan selang waktu pengambilan pregabalin. Selanjutnya, untuk menentukan perbezaan kesan pregabalin pada selang masa yang berbeza, persamaan anggaran teritlak digunakan. Akhirnya untuk pentaksiran hubungan unsur-unsur demografi dan tahap keterukan UP, simulasi Monte Carlo telah dipilih. A quasi, non-randomized longitudinal study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of 75mg pregabalin post hemodialysis (pHD) once daily orally in treatment-resistant uremic pruritus (UP), and the safety and tolerability among ESRD patients at Aljaber kidney center, King Fahad Hospital, Alahsa Saudi Arabia. Assessment for the severity and intensity of itching was done using the validated Arabic version of 5D- itching scale (α= 0.847, p=0.001, Kaiser- Meyer-Oklin value= 0.810). Safety and tolerability of pregabalin was done by using Naranjo’s algorithm. The effect of the pregabalin over the time was assessed using the generalized linear model. Furthermore, to pinpoint the differences in the effect of pregabalin at different time intervals, generalized estimated equations were used. Finally for the assessment of the association among demographics and UP severity, Monte Carlo simulations were preferred

tert-Butyl N-[1-diazo­acetyl-3-(methyl­sulfan­yl)prop­yl]carbamate

In the enanti­omerically pure title compound, C11H19N3O3S, the chain C—N—C(O)—O—C—C (from the asymmetric carbon to a methyl of the tert-butyl group) displays an extended conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains parallel to the c axis by classical N—H⋯Odiazo­carbon­yl hydrogen bonding and an unusual inter­molecular three-centre inter­action involving the amino acid (aa) carbonyl Oaa and the diazo­carbonyl grouping C(O)—CH—N N, with H⋯Oaa = 2.51 Å and N⋯Oaa = 2.8141 (14) Å

Knowledge and practices among male medical students regarding smoking and its hazards

Background: Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide, and according to the latest estimates, by year 2030, 10 million annual tobacco-attributable deaths worldwide, 70% of which will be in low-middle-income countries. The purpose of study was too assess the knowledge and practices regarding cigarette smoking among male medical students in Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan and to assess the awareness of students regarding smoking related health hazards.Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study was conducted From May 2009 - September 2009 in Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan. The male students enrolled in Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore, were selected by non-probability convenient sampling.Results: In present study 47.3% respondents were smokers, 94.1% were knowledgeable about hazards of smoking, 85.9% were aware about passive smoking, and 19.1% started consuming tobacco below 17 years of age. Only 19.1% tried to quit smoking but none of them succeeded. 25% have no family association of smoking. There were 18.2% who’s mostly close friends were smokers only 13.2% smokes more than 15 cigarettes daily. 43.6% said they would smoke cigarette if one of their close friends offer them. 30.5% believe cigarette smoking help to relax and 25% want to quit smoking among them 10% want to quit due to its hazards while 5.9% due to family pressure.Conclusions: Present study concluded that high proportion male medical students smoke cigarette. Most of them were unaware about tobacco consumption hazards, and passive smoking.