FACTORS INFLUENCING ACCEPTANCE OF CHATGPT AMONG STUDIOUS STUDENTS FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

As we are living in the digital age, also known as the new media age, there is no denying the fact that our lives are shaped by technology to the extent that we have become dependent on it for our day-to-day matters. Although technology, more specifically Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made our lives easier and efficient. One such tool that gained instant popularity and usage after its invention is ChatGPT. Though ChatGPT is benefitting people in various fields but its use in academia still has acquired mixed reviews. While some see its potential for enhanced learning, other view it as a way for students to cheat and plagiarize (Kirk, 2023). Research on the use of ChatGPT in educational setting has been conducted in a few countries but still it needs a lot of research in the Pakistani context. The current paper will find out factors influencing acceptance of ChatGPT among studious students for academic purpose. Moreover, this paper also has a qualitative part which will review the challenges and opportunities of using ChatGPT in higher education in Pakistan by doing a SWOT analysis. Data for the quantitative part will be collected through questionnaire, from engineering students of National Sciences and Technology (NUST) university. In the light of the results gained after data analysis, a comprehensive discussion on the opportunities and challenges of using ChatGPT in Pakistani academic setting will be done. The potential for abuse and exploitation will also be covered in the paper's discussion of the ethical issues. ChatGPT is one of the first of its kind available to general public and more are on its way. Thus, we have to accept its presence in our lives. We need to open dialogue so that AI in education reaches its full potential, which can have more opportunities than challenges

Knowledge and practices: Risk perceptions of COVID-19 and satisfaction with preventive measures at workplace among maternity care providers in Pakistan

Introduction: While all healthcare services across the globe deferred non-urgent surgeries, labor wards provided maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic continuously. This study assesses the knowledge and practices of obstetricians and midwives about personal protective equipment (PPE); their risk perception of COVID-19 and satisfaction with the preventive measures adopted at their workplace.Methods: A questionnaire designed according to the World Health Organization’s advice on rational use of personal protective equipment for COVID-19 was administered to 452 Pakistani maternity care providers between 1 July and 30 July 2020.Results: Most (85%) had adequate knowledge and 78.8% had good practices regarding PPE use. The perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 was lower than for influenza and tuberculosis. Perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 was highest for outpatient clinics. Fewer midwives compared to obstetricians (23.3% vs 32.9 %, p=0.001) were satisfied with the job security provided. Only 19.5% were satisfied with the social distancing measures at their setups. Less than one-third (31%) were satisfied with the PPE available to them.Conclusions: The participants had good knowledge and practices regarding PPE. The perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 was lower than for contracting influenza; however, they were concerned about contracting COVID-19 in outpatient clinics and emergency rooms. They had poor satisfaction with the measures adopted by hospital managements regarding job security and social distancing

Torsion of the gallbladder: a case report

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Knowledge and Awareness about Cervical Cancer and Its Prevention amongst Interns and Nursing Staff in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst the gynecological cancers worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is imperative for at least health professionals in developing countries like Pakistan to have a sound knowledge about the disease. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention amongst health professionals in tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan.A cross-sectional, interview based survey was conducted in June, 2009. Sample of 400 was divided between the three tertiary care centers. Convenience sampling was applied as no definitive data was available regarding the number of registered interns and nurses at each center.Of all the interviews conducted, 1.8% did not know cervical cancer as a disease. Only 23.3% of the respondents were aware that cervical cancer is the most common cause of gynecological cancers and 26% knew it is second in rank in mortality. Seventy-eight percent were aware that infection is the most common cause of cervical cancer, of these 62% said that virus is the cause and 61% of the respondents knew that the virus is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Majority recognized that it is sexually transmitted but only a minority (41%) knew that it can be detected by PCR. Only 26% of the study population was aware of one or more risk factors. Thirty seven percent recognized Pap smear as a screening test. In total only 37 out of 400 respondents were aware of the HPV vaccine.This study serves to highlight that the majority of working health professionals are not adequately equipped with knowledge concerning cervical cancer. Continuing Medical Education program should be started at the hospital level along with conferences to spread knowledge about this disease

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Maintenance of social order through public signage in the linguistic landscape of Pakistan

Linguistic landscape, the visibility of languages in public spaces has largely focused on the display of words in the street with respect to multilingualism. Maintaining social order through signboards has very limited research in the linguistic landscape. This study examined the maintenance of social order through public signboards in eight public areas in the linguistic landscape of Pakistan. As a mixed-method study, it first explored linguistic structures on 502 photographed signboards; secondly, linguistic structures beyond the sentence were examined by analysing the interview data obtained from eight local people and data obtained from 64 observation checklists. Thirdly, the discourse of language and power was discussed by scrutinising interview data obtained from the eight authorities. Mediated discourse analysis, as given by Scollon and Scollon in 2003, was used as the theoretical framework. Among the 12 textual genres identified, prohibitory, warning, command and restrictive signboards were found to be highly influential in maintaining social order in a strict way. Though such signboards are necessary to maintain social order but anything domineering hinders rather than helps to achieve the objective. The other two sources of data collection triangulated the study and reaffirmed the results of the primary research. The authorities of the signboards portrayed an ideal picture and put all the blame on the local people, saying they were the ones not following signboards, which elucidated their power as authorities. The local people believed that excess of negation on public signboards had the opposite effect. It makes them even more to disregard what is written on signboards. Conclusively, this study can help to bridge the communication gap between the authorities and sign makers in improving the language of public signboards as it recommends minimising the content of harsh words and replacing them with indirect wordings. It will help authorities to gain their target of maintaining social order more efficiently

Incidence of intrauterine abnormalities in Pakistani women with unexplained infertility diagnosed via saline infusion sonography

Objective: To determine the frequency of intrauterine abnormalities in women with unexplained infertility using saline infusion sonography. Material and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at Aziz medical centre, Karachi, Pakistan between January and December 2015. The study population comprised of women with unexplained infertility who underwent saline infusion sonography as a part of their diagnostic workup. The frequency of uterine abnormalities in these women was determined and the relationship between these pathologies and patient age and body mass index was assessed. Results: Of the 769 women included, 202 (26.3%) had uterine abnormalities. Endometrial polyp (118 cases, 15.3%) was the most common abnormality, followed by submucous fibroids (54, 7%), intrauterine adhesions (20, 2.6%), and septae (10, 5%). Intrauterine pathologies were more common in women with primary infertility (71.8% versus 28.2%, p = 0.002). Uterine abnormalities were most common in the age group 30–34 years (n = 80, 39.6%) and in overweight patients (n = 95, 47%). The distribution of abnormalities differed significantly in various age groups (p = 0.009) and among women with different BMI (p = 0.029). Conclusions: A significant number of women with unexplained infertility present with unsuspected uterine abnormalities; therefore an assessment of the uterine cavity should be performed in all cases

القواعد الفقهية الإسلامية و الدولية للإضراب : دراسة فقهية إسلامية مقارنة في المواثيق الدولية

Islamic jurisprudence is interested in the development of Islamic judicial rules on labor strikes using Islamic judicial rules and others in the field of labor strikes, but these rules are still rare and are not applied in pacts and charters between Muslim countries, nor in artificial laws. despite the importance of these rules in solving workers' problems. This is clear from international conventions

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Pakistani population regarding facemasks during the covid-19 pandemic

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the public regarding mask use during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. In this online survey, a questionnaire designed according to the World Health Organization\u27s recommendations for mask use and its method of use was administered to 426 Pakistani respondents. Only one third (33.1%) had adequate knowledge of mask use, more than two thirds (71.1%) had positive attitude to masks, and only less than half (43.0%) respondents had good practices regarding masks and preventive measures. Massive input from the governing bodies is needed to combat the threat of coronavirus