Performance of planted maple In Western Guilan Province, Iran

The success of planted Acer velutinum was investigated in western Guilan Province, Iran. This region had been reforested in 1985.The study was carried out in the autumn of 2003 using the full callipering method. The goal of this paper is to review the maple plantation, in order to present a background that is useful for an ecological evaluation of the maple plantations in Iranian forests. Some quantity and quality factors about bole and crown were evaluated. The resistance of maple to difficult conditions including irregular cutting, and fire and full sun make this species highly valuable for plantations. This study showed that, after a period of 21 years, maple is suitable for plantations on the Caspian Sea flat area and the slopes of the Alborz Mountains, and can financially compete with other endemic and exotic species

Studying Early Maladaptive Schemas and Personality Factors in Betraying and Injured Spouses

Backgrond :The family foundation is established by marriage. What is of utmost importance, is marital satisfaction which is one of the crucial concepts for the evaluation of happiness and stability in marriage. Methods:The present research study is an applied descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative research ,aimed at studying the early maladaptive schemes and personality factors in the betraying spouses and those injured by betrayal.The statistical population of the present study included all betraying and injured couples and also ordinary married people of Mashhad city in 2020. They participated online in the study due to the coronavirus outbreak. To collect data, the Young Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (Short Form) and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) were used and collected using Pearson correlation coefficient, discriminant diagnostic analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were analyzed in SPSS 22 software. Result: There was a positive meaningful relationship between early maladaptive schemas with all personality factors among betraying partners and  meaningful relationship between the maladaptive schemas with all personality factors except the self-destructive, schizotypal, and borderline disorder.Early maladaptive schemas and personality factors were able to predict marital infidelity in the injured group and betraying one; there was a meaningful difference between the three betraying, injured, and normal groups in terms of early maladaptive schemas and personality factors. two betraying and injured groups had higher maladaptive schemas and personality factors compared to the normal group. Conclusion:Marital infidelity can have severe emotional consequences for the injured couple

Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the anger rumination, hostile attribution and aggression in immigrant children

Background: Immigration is one of the social determinants of health. It affects the mental health very seriously. The present study was aimed to investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anger rumination, hostile attribution bias, and aggression of immigrant children. Method: The present study was conducted through a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental method with a control group. It was done on a 24-subject sample of immigrant children selected by targeted sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Measurement tools were the anger rumination scale, the hostile attribution scale, and Aggression Questionnaire of Buss and Perry. The experimental group then received acceptance and commitment therapy in eight 90-min sessions while the control group received no treatment. After holding the sessions, the experimental and control groups again completed the three questionnaires as post-test; and data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS software version 24. Results: In the posttest, acceptance and commitment therapy reduced the anger rumination, hostile attribution bias and aggression variables of immigrant children in the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that acceptance and commitment treatment is effective on anger rumination, hostile attribution bias, and aggression of immigrant children

Natural Products from Actinobacteria as a Potential Source of New Therapies Against Colorectal Cancer: A Review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common, and deadly disease. Despite the improved knowledge on CRC heterogeneity and advances in the medical sciences, there is still an urgent need to cope with the challenges and side effects of common treatments for the disease. Natural products (NPs) have always been of interest for the development of new medicines. Actinobacteria are known to be prolific producers of a wide range of bioactive NPs, and scientific evidence highlights their important protective role against CRC. This review is a holistic picture on actinobacter-derived cytotoxic compounds against CRC that provides a good perspective for drug development and design in near future. This review also describes the chemical structure of 232 NPs presenting anti-CRC activity with the being majority of quinones, lactones, alkaloids, peptides, and glycosides. The study reveals that most of these NPs are derived from marine actinobacteria followed by terrestrial and endophytic actinobacteria, respectively. They are predominantly produced by Streptomyces , Micromonospors , Saliniospors and Actinomadura , respectively, in which Streptomyces, as the predominant contributor generating over 76% of compounds exclusively. Besides it provides a valuable snapshot of the chemical structure-activity relationship of compounds, highlighting the presence or absence of some specific atoms and chemical units in the structure of compounds can greatly influence their biological activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review on natural actinobacterial compounds affecting different types of CRC. Our study reveals that the high diversity of actinobacterial strains and their NPs derivatives, described here provides a new perspective and direction for the production of new anti-CRC drugs and paves the way to innovation for drugs discovery in the future. The knowledge obtain from this review can help us to understand the pivotal application of actinobacteria in future drugs development

Consumption of dairy products in adolescents in Tehran

  Background: Dairy products are required for bone metabolism; however, the majority of adolescent do not consume the products adequately. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of dairy products consumption, daily calcium, vitamin D intake, and vitamin D deficiency.   Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 444 females and males’ students in middle and secondary school were recruited by using mixed sampling method. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to estimate dietary calcium and vitamin D consumption. Serum calcium, and 25 (OH) vitamin D were measured. The data was analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. T-test, Chi2 and Spearman correlations tests were used as well.     Results: Out of all participants, 214 (48.2%) were females. The average age of the participants was 14.34 years and 206 (46.6%) of the students were in middle and 238 (53.6%) were in high school. 409 (92.1%) of the students consumed at least one glass of milk per week. Calcium intake from milk and yoghurt was more than calcium intake from other dairy products. The amount of calcium lower than 700 mg/day was consumed in 176 (39.6%) of adolescents. There was a significant positive correlation between weekly calcium intake and serum vitamin D level (P=0.001). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in females rather than males (151 (71.2%) vs. 40 (17.5 %)).    Conclusion: Adolescents in Tehran do not consume dairy products enough. Indeed, encouraging teenagers to consume dairy products and alter in dietary patterns that improve calcium intake, should be taken in to consideration

The effect of low dose of topical mitomycin C on recurrent vernal kerato conjunctivitis

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: کورتیکواستروییدها از جمله داروهایی هستند که بطور شایع در درمان ورم ملتحمه بهاره بکار می روند. ولی منجر به عوارض زیادی برای بیماران می گردند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی اثر میتومایسین C- بصورت موضعی و با دوز پایین در درمان ورم ملتحمه بهاره شدید می باشد. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی، 25 بیمار مبتلا به ورم ملتحمه بهاره شدید به صورت در دسترس انتخاب و بطور تصادفی به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه مورد (13 بیمار) با میتومایسین –C 01/0 و گروه شاهد (12 بیمار) 3 بار در روز به مدت 2 هفته تحت درمان با آب مقطر تحت درمان قرار گرفتند. علایم بالینی (خارش، احساس جسم خارجی، اشک ریزش، ترس نور، ترشحات) و نشانه های بیماری (پرخونی ملتحمه، کراتیت نقطه ای، نقاط ترانتا، ادم لیمبوس) در زمان ورود به مطالعه، 2 هفته و 4 هفته پس از درمان مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. اطلاعات بدست آمده با استفاده از آزمون من ویتنی تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: قبل از مداخله بین دو گروه از نظر شدت علایم بالینی و نشانه ها تفاوت معنی دار آماری بین دو گروه مشاهده نشد. بعد از درمان بیماران گروه میتومایسین – C کاهش معنی داری در علایم بالینی در مقایسه با گروه دارونما نشان دادند (05/0

Fatty Infiltration in Multifidus Muscles and its Association With Spinal MRI Findings

Background: The present cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relation between fatty infiltration (FI) in multifidus muscles and spinal MRI findings among patients who referred to Sina Athar and Kosar imaging centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesMethods: Discovertebral and facet joint degenerative changes, intervertebral foraminal narrowing, disk herniation and central canal stenosis in all lumbar levels and FI in multifidus muscles at the level of L5 vertebra were assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of 333 patients, and correlation of these MRI changes with FI was identified.Results: Among 333 patients (174 female), whose data were analyzed, 316 patients mentioned a positive history of back pain. We observed a significant relation between female sex and higher age with degrees of multifidus FI in L5 level. No significant association was found between the existence of back pain and the rate of multifidus FI. There was a significant negative relation between the activity level and the amount of multifidus FI. Considering weekly exercise level and hours of computer use, this association was not observed. Evaluating the relation between end plate and facet joint degenerative process and also neuroforaminal stenosis with multifidus FI, a statistically significant relation was noted. This correlation was not observed for central canal stenosis.Conclusion: We concluded that the degree of multifidus FI was remarkably higher in female gender, older ages and subjects with more sedentary lifestyle. Moreover, a significant correlation existed between abnormal MRI imaging findings (degenerative process, discopathies, foraminal stenosis) and multifidus FI

Cognitive schemas and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a model with the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty

Introduction: The aim of present study was to investigate the mediating effect of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between cognitive schemas and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Khayyam University staff and its effect on their practice. Methods: This study was cross-sectional research conducted by a correlation method. The statistical population included all staff of Khayyam University in the academic year of 2018-2019 and the sample size was 200 students selected by a proportional stratified sampling method. The questionnaires used in this study included Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Young Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-short form (75 questions) and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS). To analyze the data, the structural equation method and Amos-22 software were used. Results: The results showed that mediating model of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the University staff has a good fit. Conclusion: All pairwise relationships of variables were significant, meaning that there was a positive and significant relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the University staff and between early maladaptive schemas and intolerance of uncertainty, and between intolerance of uncertainty and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the University staff

The effect of oral royal jelly on clinical disease activity index (CDAI) and morning stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which can cause articular destruction and disability in patients. Current therapies are relatively effective and sometimes harmful. Royal Jelly with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties may be used as an adjunct therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Royal Jelly on Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and morning stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: According to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1987 classification criteria, 80 patients with RA, who had active disease (CDAI > 2.8), were randomly assigned to receive Royal Jelly or placebo beside background treatment for 3 months. Morning stiffness, tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), evaluator global assessment (EGA) and patient's global assessment (PGA) based on visual analogue scale (VAS) were determined before and after 3 months of intervention. The changes in aforementioned indexes were analyzed by SPSS software. Findings: 65 patients completed the study (35 in Royal Jelly and 30 in placebo group). The sex, age, residence, disease duration and drug consumption had no significant changes (P > 0.050). In the first group, CDAI (P = 0.012), SJC (P = 0.024), TJC (P = 0.027), and morning stiffness (P = 0.004) had significant statistical changes; but only changes in morning stiffness were statistically different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Royal Jelly has good effect on morning stiffness but not on CDAI and may be a suitable adjunct therapy. Further studies may demonstrate more significant results

Comparison of Growth Parameters of Infants of Ramadan Fasted and Non-Fasted Mothers

Introduction: The many advantages of exclusively breast feeding infants are documented; breast-feeding enhances the growth and development of breast fed infants. The impact of Ramadan fasting by breast-feeding mothers on the growth parameters of exclusively breast-fed infants is still not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of maternal fasting during Ramadan on the growth parameters of their exclusively breast-fed infants. Material and methods: This cohort study was performed throughout Ramadan and for five months after, on healthy, exclusive breast-fed infants (n=116), aged between 15 days to 6 months, assigned into two groups, based on their mothers fasting: Control group (n=80) and fasting group (infants with fasting mothers: n=36). All infants underwent periodic physical examinations twice in Ramadan, 3 times in the second month and then twice monthly in next 4 months. The infant’s growth status was evaluated by calculating each growth parameters (weight, height, head circumference) as a percentage of the median value for age, based on appropriate growth charts. Results: The mean age of infants in the case group was 3.43 ± 1.38 and in the control group was 2.31±1.45 months, age being significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). Fifty-four (46.6%) were boys and this proportion was the same in both groups (P>0.05). According to the repeated measures ANOVA, all growth parameters increased during the study period (P< 0.05) but the rate of increaseing was the same for both groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Ramadan fasting by breastfeeding mothers did not adversely affect on the growth parameters of exclusively breast-fed infants