Similaridade genética de variedades brasileiras de cevada nua e cevada cervejeira avaliada por marcadores RAPD

A cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.) é amplamente empregada na produção de cerveja e na ração animal. Recentemente, este cereal tornou-se desejável na alimentação humana devido ao seu alto valor nutricional, principalmente da cevada nua ou sem casca. Existem diferenças nas características nutricionais e para malteação entre as diversas variedades de cevada. O procedimento RAPD é capaz de separar as variedades de cevada em vários níveis de similaridade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar por RAPD seis variedades brasileiras de cevada nua e sete variedades de cevada cervejeira. Reações de PCR foram realizadas com onze iniciadores aleatórios. Um total de 34 fragmentos de amplificação foi obtido com cinco destes iniciadores. Baseado no coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard, um dendrograma foi construído. As variedades de cevada apresentaram índice médio de similaridade de 0,53. Fragmentos monomórficos intravariedades permitiram a diferenciação entre as variedades. Os coeficientes médios de similaridade intravariedades encontram-se entre 0,53 e 0,85. Os marcadores RAPD detectados neste trabalho foram adequados para a diferenciação entre as variedades brasileiras de cevada.Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is widely used for brewing and animal feed. Recently, it has become desirable for human consumption due to its high nutritional significance, specially hull-less or naked barley. There are differences in nutritional and malting characteristics among barley varieties. RAPD procedure is able to separate barley varieties at various similarity levels. The aim of this work was the RAPD analysis of six Brazilian hull-less varieties and seven malting varieties. PCR reactions were performed with eleven random primers. A total of 34 RAPD fragments was obtained with five primers. A dendrogram was constructed based on the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Barley varieties displayed an average similarity coefficient of 0.53. Intravarietal monomorphic fragments allowed differentiation among varieties. The averages of intravarietal similarity coefficients ranged from 0.53 to 0.85. RAPD markers, detected in this work, were suitable for differentiation among Brazilian barley varieties

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Optimization of random amplified polymorphic DNA protocol for molecular identification of Lophius gastrophysus Otimização do protocolo de amplificação randômica de DNA polimórfico para identificação molecular de Lophius gastrophysus

Lophius gastrophysus has important commercial value in Brazil particularly for foreign trade. In this study, we described the optimization of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocol for identification of L. gastrophysus. Different conditions (annealing temperatures, MgCl concentrations, DNA quantity) were tested to find reproducible and adequate profiles. Amplifications performed with primers A01, ² A02 and A03 generate the best RAPD profiles when the conditions were annealing temperature of 36ºC, 25 ng of DNA quantity and 2.5 mM MgCl2. Exact identification of the species and origin of marine products is necessary and RAPD could be used as an accurate, rapid tool to expose commercial fraud.Lophius gastrophysus apresenta importante valor comercial no Brasil, principalmente para a exportação. Neste estudo, descrevemos uma otimização do protocolo de amplificação aleatória de DNA polimórfico (RAPD) para identificação de L. gastrophysus. Diferentes condições (temperatura de recozimento, quantidade de DNA e concentração de MgCl2) foram testadas para obter perfis reprodutíveis. Os iniciadores A01, A02 e A03 geraram os melhores resultados de amplificação quando utilizados temperatura de recozimento de 36ºC, 25 ng de DNA e 2,5 mM de MgCl2. A identificação exata de espécies e da origem dos produtos marinhos faz-se necessária e a RAPD é uma ferramenta rápida e precisa para expor fraudes comerciais

Genetic similarity of Brazilian hull-less and malting barley varieties evaluated by RAPD markers

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is widely used for brewing and animal feed. Recently, it has become desirable for human consumption due to its high nutritional significance, specially hull-less or naked barley. There are differences in nutritional and malting characteristics among barley varieties. RAPD procedure is able to separate barley varieties at various similarity levels. The aim of this work was the RAPD analysis of six Brazilian hull-less varieties and seven malting varieties. PCR reactions were performed with eleven random primers. A total of 34 RAPD fragments was obtained with five primers. A dendrogram was constructed based on the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Barley varieties displayed an average similarity coefficient of 0.53. Intravarietal monomorphic fragments allowed differentiation among varieties. The averages of intravarietal similarity coefficients ranged from 0.53 to 0.85. RAPD markers, detected in this work, were suitable for differentiation among Brazilian barley varieties