The Role of Epithet in Contemporary Narratology Al-Hamoudi Novel as an Example Analytic Stylistic Study

The study aims to grasp the importance of Epithet in contemporary narratives, as Epithet is a superior partner in producing grammatical structures that reveal the meanings in the text and innovate its aesthetics. Hence, the study examined the presence of Epithet in Al-Hamoudi novel, written by Omar Abdul Aziz, tracked its manifestations and investigated its functions. The research concluded that the Epithet in this novel has a prominent standing featured in four main roles, which contributed to empowering the aesthetic ability on one hand, and forming the core vision in the novel on the other hand. The first Role is: Prima facie and figurative, which helps the grammar with explaining the concept of Epithet, its manifestations and use techniques; the second one is: Conceptual, which shows what functions the Epithet does in the narrative; the third one is: Semantic, which demonstrates the ability of the Epithet to show the hidden and tricky meanings of words; and the fourth is: Aesthetic, which exhibits the ability of the Epithet to construct rhetorical expressions and the structure of figurative language that the narrative requires. Epithet is present in all pages of the novel and in all of its grammatical shapes, and it was present in expressive and implied functions together. Therefore, the Epithet was spotted 1600 times in this novel. The study also concluded that the Epithet in literature, especially in the novel, performs a necessary role in creativity. In addition to that, we can see the possibility of investing this attractive linguistic activity in the novel to teach the Epithet and other grammatical concepts to university students

Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Polyphenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater

Polyphenols or phenolic compounds are groups of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants and found in olive mill wastewater (OMW). Phenolic compounds as well as OMW extracts were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Most of the tested phenols were not effective against the four bacterial strains when tested as single compounds at concentrations of up to 1000 μg mL−1. Hydroxytyrosol at 400 μg mL−1 caused complete growth inhibition of the four strains. Gallic acid was effective at 200, and 400 μg mL−1 against S. aureus, and S. pyogenes, respectively, but not against the gram negative bacteria. An OMW fraction called AntiSolvent was obtained after the addition of ethanol to the crude OMW. HPLC analysis of AntiSolvent fraction revealed that this fraction contains mainly hydroxytyrosol (10.3%), verbascoside (7.4%), and tyrosol (2.6%). The combinations of AntiSolvent/gallic acid were tested using the low minimal inhibitory concentrations which revealed that 50/100–100/100 μg mL−1 caused complete growth inhibition of the four strains. These results suggest that OMW specific fractions augmented with natural phenolic ingredients may be utilized as a source of bioactive compounds to control pathogenic bacteria

Assessment of Tramadol Abuse among Clients Who are Attending Private Psychiatric Clinics –KAP Study

Tramadol hydrochloride is centrally acting analgesic. It is used for the management of moderate to severe pain. There are increasing concerns worldwide regarding the addiction potential of tramadol. The overall aim of this study is to assess the abuse of tramadol among clients who attend private psychiatric clinics, by assessing the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice. The study also evaluated the psychological status, and the presence of side effects related to abuse of tramadol. The design of the study is a descriptive, analytical cross sectional one. 100 clients were selected from two private psychiatric clinics in Gaza city over one month by taking 4 clients every day, the response rate was 83.3. The questionnaire was developed to reflect the study domains. Data were collected utilizing the self-administered questionnaire approach and the reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s Alpha was high 0.8633 the result ensures the reliability of the questionnaire). The results of this study showed that 84% of the sample was male and 14% was female. They started with 100 mg tramadol capsule daily and increased the dose progressively with time until they ended up with around 1800 mg daily, which is four times the therapeutic maximum daily dose (400-600 mg daily). This study showed that there is clear awareness among the tramadol abusers toward the size of problem as 96.4% of the sample believe that the abuse of tramadol is problem in Gaza strip, and 94.4% ensured that abuse of tramadol caused addiction. This study showed strong association between smoking and tramadol abuse as around 80% of our sample was smokers. There were various motivations for tramadol abuse but the most two common causes were to get euphoria 92.4% and to help them to delay ejaculation 79.4%. The insistent efforts to secure the drug led around two thirty (63.4%) of the sample to do illegal action to get the drug. Around 76.24% of the sample complained of psychological problem . Around 90% of the sample complain of withdrawal symptoms. Among the various side effects convulsion was represented by 71.8% of the sample. There is a significant difference at α ≤ 0.05 among the respondents' answers due to profession

The Relationship between Transformational Leadership among Governmental Secondary School Principals and Achievement Motivation among Teachers in Jordan العلاقة بين القيادة التحويلية لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية الحكومية ودافعية الإنجاز لدى المعلمين في الأردن

Abstract: The study aimed at identifying the relationship between the practicing degree of transformational leadership among public secondary school principals in Jordan and the motivation for achievement among teachers. The correlational descriptive methodology was used. The study sample consisted of 154 teachers working in public secondary schools in Aqaba Governorate. The results indicated that the practicing degree of transformational leadership among public secondary school principals was high, and that the degree of motivation for achievement among teachers was high too. The results also led to a direct correlation between the practice of transformational leadership in schools and motivation of achievement among teachers. ملخص: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تعرف العلاقة بين درجة ممارسة القيادة التحويلية لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية الحكومية في محافظة العقبة ودافعية الإنجاز لدى المعلمين. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي, وتكونت عينة الدراسة من 154 معلماً ومعلمة يعملون في المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في محافظة العقبة. أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن درجة ممارسة القيادة التحويلية لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية الحكومية كانت مرتفعة, وإلى أن درجة دافعية الإنجاز لدى المعلمين كانت بدرجة مرتفعة أيضاً, كما أفضت النتائج أن هناك علاقة ارتباط طردية بين ممارسة القيادة التحويلية في المدارس ودافعية الإنجاز لدى المعلمين

4-Nitro­phenyl 1-naphthoate

In the title compound, C17H11NO4, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 8.66 (3)°. The nitro group is twisted by 4.51 (9)° out of the plane of the aromatic ring to which it is attached. The presence of inter­molecular C—H⋯O contacts in the crystal structure leads to the formation of chains along the c axis

4-Methyl­benzyl 4-amino­benzoate

The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings in the title compound, C15H15NO2, is 65.28 (12)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of supra­molecular chains along the a-axis direction

The North American Consortium for the Study of Endâ Stage Liver Diseaseâ Acuteâ onâ Chronic Liver Failure Score Accurately Predicts Survival: An External Validation Using a National Cohort

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153715/1/lt25696_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153715/2/lt25696.pd

Agricultural by-products with bioactive effects: A multivariate approach to evaluate microbial and physicochemical changes in a fresh pork sausage enriched with phenolic compounds from olive vegetation water

The use of phenolic compounds derived from agricultural by-products could be considered as an eco-friendly strategy for food preservation. In this study a purified phenol extract from olive vegetation water (PEOVW) was explored as a potential bioactive ingredient for meat products using Italian fresh sausage as food model. The research was developed in two steps: first, an in vitro delineation of the extract antimicrobial activities was performed, then, the PEOVW was tested in the food model to investigate the possible application in food manufacturing. The in vitro tests showed that PEOVW clearly inhibits the growth of food-borne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The major part of Gram-positive strains was inhibited at the low concentrations (0.375–3 mg/mL). In the production of raw sausages, two concentrates of PEOVW (L1:0.075% and L2: 0.15%) were used taking into account both organoleptic traits and the bactericidal effects. A multivariate statistical approach allowed the definition of the microbial and physicochemical changes of sausages during the shelf life (14 days). In general, the inclusion of the L2 concentration reduced the growth of several microbial targets, especially Staphylococcus spp. and LABs (2 log10 CFU/g reduction),while the increasing the growth of yeasts was observed. The reduction of microbial growth could be involved in the reduced lipolysis of raw sausages supplemented with PEOVWas highlighted by the lower amount of diacylglycerols. Moisture and aw had a significant effect on the variability of microbiological features,while food matrix (the sausages' environment) can mask the effects of PEOVW on other targets (e.g. Pseudomonas). Moreover, the molecular identification of the main representative taxa collected during the experimentation allowed the evaluation of the effects of phenols on the selection of bacteria. Genetic data suggested a possible strain selection based on storage time and the addition of phenol compounds especially on LABs and Staphylococcus spp. The modulation effects on lipolysis and the reduction of several microbial targets in a naturally contaminated product indicates that PEOVW may be useful as an ingredient in fresh sausages for improving food safety and quality

Phosgene-free synthesis of 1,3-diphenylurea via catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene

1,3-Diphenylurea (DPU) has been proposed as a synthetic intermediate for phosgene-free synthesis of methyl N-phenylcarbamate and phenyl isocyanate, which are easily obtained from the urea by reaction with methanol. Such an alternative route to synthesis of carbamates and isocyanates necessitates an improved phosgene-free synthesis of the corresponding urea. In this work, it is reported that Pd(II)-diphosphine catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene in acetic acid (AcOH)-methanol proceeds in high yield and selectivity as a one-step synthesis of DPU. We have found that the catalytic activity and selectivity of this process depends on solvent composition and on the bite angle of the diphosphine ligands. Under optimum reaction conditions, yields in excess of 90 molar % and near-quantitative selectivity can be achieved